Methanogenic archaea are known as human gut inhabitants since more than 30 years ago through the detection of methane in the breath and isolation of two methanogenic species belonging to the order Methanobacteriales, ...Methanogenic archaea are known as human gut inhabitants since more than 30 years ago through the detection of methane in the breath and isolation of two methanogenic species belonging to the order Methanobacteriales, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosphaera stadtmanae. During the last decade, diversity of archaea encountered in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has been extended by sequence identification and culturing of new strains. Here we provide an updated census of the archaeal diversity associated with the human GIT and their possible role in the gut physiology and health. We particularly focus on the still poorly characterized 7<sup>th</sup> order of methanogens, the Methanomassiliicoccales, associated to aged population. While also largely distributed in non-GIT environments, our actual knowledge on this novel order of methanogens has been mainly revealed through GIT inhabitants. They enlarge the number of final electron acceptors of the gut metabolites to mono- di- and trimethylamine. Trimethylamine is exclusively a microbiota-derived product of nutrients (lecithin, choline, TMAO, L-carnitine) from normal diet, from which seems originate two diseases, trimethylaminuria (or Fish-Odor Syndrome) and cardiovascular disease through the proatherogenic property of its oxidized liver-derived form. This therefore supports interest on these methanogenic species and its use as archaebiotics, a term coined from the notion of archaea-derived probiotics.展开更多
A diverse array of microbes in and on the human body constitute the microbiota.These micro-residents continuously interact with the human host through the language of metabolites to dictate the host’s physiology in h...A diverse array of microbes in and on the human body constitute the microbiota.These micro-residents continuously interact with the human host through the language of metabolites to dictate the host’s physiology in health and illnesses.Any biotic and abiotic component ensuring a balanced host-microbiota interaction are potential microbiome therapeutic agents to overcome human diseases.Plant metabolites are continually being used to treat various illnesses.These metabolites target the host’s metabolic machinery and host-gut microbiota interactions to overcome human diseases.Despite the paramount therapeutic significance of the factors affecting host-microbiota interactions,a comprehensive overview of the modulatory role of plant-derived metabolites in host-microbiota interactions is lacking.The current review puts an effort into comprehending the role of medicinal plants in gut microbiota modulation to mitigate various human illnesses.It would develop a holistic understanding of hostmicrobiota interactions and the role of effectors in health and diseases.展开更多
A healthy balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle are very closely linked.Whichever the biological link is,it is overwhelming to understand.Modifications in how food is served,divided up,and supervised,such as the intro...A healthy balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle are very closely linked.Whichever the biological link is,it is overwhelming to understand.Modifications in how food is served,divided up,and supervised,such as the introduction of nutritional hygiene standards,food handling practices,and the entry of macro and micronutrients,have had a big impact on human health in the last few decades.Growing evidence indicates that our gut microbiota may affect our health in ways that are at least in part influenced by our diet and the ingredients used in the preparation of our food and drinks,as well as other factors.As a new problem,this one is getting a lot of attention,but it would be hard to figure out how the gut microbiota and nutrition molecules work together and how they work in certain situations.Genetic analysis,metagenomic characterization,configuration analysis of foodstuffs,and the shift to digital health information have provided massive amounts of data that might be useful in tackling this problem.Machine learning and deep learning methods will be employed extensively as part of this research in order to blend complicated data frames and extract crucial information that will be capable of exposing and grasping the incredibly delicate links that prevail between diet,gut microbiome,and overall wellbeing.Nutrition,well-being,and gut microorganisms are a few subjects covered in this field.It takes into account not only databases and high-speed technology,but also virtual machine problem-solving skills,intangible assets,and laws.This is how it works:Computer vision,data mining,and analytics are all discussed extensively in this study piece.We also point out limitations in existing methodologies and new situations that discovered in the context of current scientific knowledge in the decades to come.We also provide background on"bioinformatics"algorithms;recent developments may seem to herald a revolution in clinical research,pushing traditional techniques to the sidelines.Furthermore,their true potential rests in their ability to work in conjunction with,rather than as a substitute for,traditional research hypotheses and procedures.When new metadata propositions are made by focusing on easily understandable frameworks,they will always need to be rigorously validated and brought into question.Because of the huge datasets available,assumption analysis may be used to complement rather than a substitute for more conventional concept-driven scientific investigation.It is only by employing all of us that we will all increase the quality of evidence-based practice.展开更多
Alginate and laminaran are water soluble dietary fibres in brown algae.In a previous study,pure cultures of Bacteroides xylanisolvens,Bacteroides uniformis,and Erysipelaclostridium ramosum increased antioxidant capaci...Alginate and laminaran are water soluble dietary fibres in brown algae.In a previous study,pure cultures of Bacteroides xylanisolvens,Bacteroides uniformis,and Erysipelaclostridium ramosum increased antioxidant capacities in the broth with alginate and/or laminaran fermentation.This study was conducted to evaluate the presence of the alginate-and laminaran-responsive human gut indigenous bacteria(RIB)and their functions.Briefly,human stool samples were cultured in media without(control),or with 1%(w/v)alginate or laminaran at 37℃ for 24 h under anaerobic conditions.Results showed that during incubation,the pH of the culture reduced with the polysaccharides.Phenol production was clearly suppressed via laminaran supplementation in the faecal sample cultures.The 16S rRNA(V4)gene amplicon sequencing confirmed that B.xylanisolvens-,B.uniformis and E.ramosum-like bacteria were alginate-and/or laminaran-RIB in human gut,although their read numbers differed among individuals.Additionally,some butyrate-producers,such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia,were also detected as the RIB in alginate and laminaran cultures,respectively.Fermentation increased 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide anion radical-scavenging capacities and the Fe-reducing power of the culture medium.Additionally,the fermented cultures increased the nitric oxide secretion in macrophage like RAW 264.7 cells culture.These results suggest that the interaction of alginate and laminaran with their RIB may have desirable effects on the host as next generation prebiotics when brown algae are ingested.展开更多
基金Supported by Ph D Scholarship from the French"Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche"(To Nadia Gaci)Science Foundation Ireland through a postdoctoral grant of the Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre(to Guillaume Borrel)+2 种基金Ph D Scholarship of the European Union(UE)and the Auvergne Council(FEDER)(to William Tottey)Science Foundation Ireland through a Principal Investigator awardby an FHRI award to the ELDERMET project by the Department Agriculture,Fisheries and Marine of the Government of Ireland(to Paul W O’Toole)
文摘Methanogenic archaea are known as human gut inhabitants since more than 30 years ago through the detection of methane in the breath and isolation of two methanogenic species belonging to the order Methanobacteriales, Methanobrevibacter smithii and Methanosphaera stadtmanae. During the last decade, diversity of archaea encountered in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT) has been extended by sequence identification and culturing of new strains. Here we provide an updated census of the archaeal diversity associated with the human GIT and their possible role in the gut physiology and health. We particularly focus on the still poorly characterized 7<sup>th</sup> order of methanogens, the Methanomassiliicoccales, associated to aged population. While also largely distributed in non-GIT environments, our actual knowledge on this novel order of methanogens has been mainly revealed through GIT inhabitants. They enlarge the number of final electron acceptors of the gut metabolites to mono- di- and trimethylamine. Trimethylamine is exclusively a microbiota-derived product of nutrients (lecithin, choline, TMAO, L-carnitine) from normal diet, from which seems originate two diseases, trimethylaminuria (or Fish-Odor Syndrome) and cardiovascular disease through the proatherogenic property of its oxidized liver-derived form. This therefore supports interest on these methanogenic species and its use as archaebiotics, a term coined from the notion of archaea-derived probiotics.
基金financial support under Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak for a Post-Seed Research Grant(DRD/23/75)sanctioned to Dr.NS Chauhan.
文摘A diverse array of microbes in and on the human body constitute the microbiota.These micro-residents continuously interact with the human host through the language of metabolites to dictate the host’s physiology in health and illnesses.Any biotic and abiotic component ensuring a balanced host-microbiota interaction are potential microbiome therapeutic agents to overcome human diseases.Plant metabolites are continually being used to treat various illnesses.These metabolites target the host’s metabolic machinery and host-gut microbiota interactions to overcome human diseases.Despite the paramount therapeutic significance of the factors affecting host-microbiota interactions,a comprehensive overview of the modulatory role of plant-derived metabolites in host-microbiota interactions is lacking.The current review puts an effort into comprehending the role of medicinal plants in gut microbiota modulation to mitigate various human illnesses.It would develop a holistic understanding of hostmicrobiota interactions and the role of effectors in health and diseases.
文摘A healthy balanced diet and a healthy lifestyle are very closely linked.Whichever the biological link is,it is overwhelming to understand.Modifications in how food is served,divided up,and supervised,such as the introduction of nutritional hygiene standards,food handling practices,and the entry of macro and micronutrients,have had a big impact on human health in the last few decades.Growing evidence indicates that our gut microbiota may affect our health in ways that are at least in part influenced by our diet and the ingredients used in the preparation of our food and drinks,as well as other factors.As a new problem,this one is getting a lot of attention,but it would be hard to figure out how the gut microbiota and nutrition molecules work together and how they work in certain situations.Genetic analysis,metagenomic characterization,configuration analysis of foodstuffs,and the shift to digital health information have provided massive amounts of data that might be useful in tackling this problem.Machine learning and deep learning methods will be employed extensively as part of this research in order to blend complicated data frames and extract crucial information that will be capable of exposing and grasping the incredibly delicate links that prevail between diet,gut microbiome,and overall wellbeing.Nutrition,well-being,and gut microorganisms are a few subjects covered in this field.It takes into account not only databases and high-speed technology,but also virtual machine problem-solving skills,intangible assets,and laws.This is how it works:Computer vision,data mining,and analytics are all discussed extensively in this study piece.We also point out limitations in existing methodologies and new situations that discovered in the context of current scientific knowledge in the decades to come.We also provide background on"bioinformatics"algorithms;recent developments may seem to herald a revolution in clinical research,pushing traditional techniques to the sidelines.Furthermore,their true potential rests in their ability to work in conjunction with,rather than as a substitute for,traditional research hypotheses and procedures.When new metadata propositions are made by focusing on easily understandable frameworks,they will always need to be rigorously validated and brought into question.Because of the huge datasets available,assumption analysis may be used to complement rather than a substitute for more conventional concept-driven scientific investigation.It is only by employing all of us that we will all increase the quality of evidence-based practice.
基金supported by the Yanmar Resource Recycling Support Organization,Tokyo,Japan and the Toyo Suisan Foundation,Tokyo,Japan.
文摘Alginate and laminaran are water soluble dietary fibres in brown algae.In a previous study,pure cultures of Bacteroides xylanisolvens,Bacteroides uniformis,and Erysipelaclostridium ramosum increased antioxidant capacities in the broth with alginate and/or laminaran fermentation.This study was conducted to evaluate the presence of the alginate-and laminaran-responsive human gut indigenous bacteria(RIB)and their functions.Briefly,human stool samples were cultured in media without(control),or with 1%(w/v)alginate or laminaran at 37℃ for 24 h under anaerobic conditions.Results showed that during incubation,the pH of the culture reduced with the polysaccharides.Phenol production was clearly suppressed via laminaran supplementation in the faecal sample cultures.The 16S rRNA(V4)gene amplicon sequencing confirmed that B.xylanisolvens-,B.uniformis and E.ramosum-like bacteria were alginate-and/or laminaran-RIB in human gut,although their read numbers differed among individuals.Additionally,some butyrate-producers,such as Faecalibacterium and Roseburia,were also detected as the RIB in alginate and laminaran cultures,respectively.Fermentation increased 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and superoxide anion radical-scavenging capacities and the Fe-reducing power of the culture medium.Additionally,the fermented cultures increased the nitric oxide secretion in macrophage like RAW 264.7 cells culture.These results suggest that the interaction of alginate and laminaran with their RIB may have desirable effects on the host as next generation prebiotics when brown algae are ingested.
