Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is one of the mostfrequent causes of comorbidity and mortality in the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) population, and liver-related mortality is now the second highest cause of death...Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is one of the mostfrequent causes of comorbidity and mortality in the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) population, and liver-related mortality is now the second highest cause of death in HIV-positive patients, so HCV infection should be countered with adequate antiviral therapy. In 2011 began the era of directly acting antivirals(DAAs) and the HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors telaprevir and boceprevir were approved to treat HCV-genotype-1 infection, each one in combination with pegylated interferon alfa(Peg-IFN) + ribavirin(RBV). The addition of the first generation DAAs, strongly improved the efficacy of antiviral therapy in patients with HCVgenotype 1, both for the HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV coinfected, and the poor response to Peg-IFN + RBV in HCV/HIV coinfection was enhanced. These treatments showed higher rates of sustained virological response than Peg-IFN + RBV but reduced tolerability and adherence due to the high pill burden and the several pharmacokinetic interactions between HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors and antiretroviral drugs. Then in 2013 a new wave of DAAs arrived, characterized by high efficacy, good tolerability, a low pill burden and shortened treatment duration. The second and third generation DAAs also comprised IFN-free regimens, which in small recent trials on HIV-positive patients have shown comforting preliminary results in terms of efficacy, tolerability and adherence.展开更多
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the infectious agent causing acquired immu-nodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),a deadliest scourge of human society. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major causative agent of chronic liver d...Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the infectious agent causing acquired immu-nodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),a deadliest scourge of human society. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major causative agent of chronic liver disease and infects an estimated 170 million people worldwide,resulting in a serious public health burden. Due to shared routes of transmission,co-infection with HIV and HCV has become common among individuals who had high risks of blood exposures. Among hemophiliacs the co-infection rate accounts for 85%; while among injection drug users (IDU) the rate can be as high as 90%. HIV can accelerate the progression of HCV-related liver disease,particularly when immunodeficiency has developed. Although the effect of HCV on HIV infection is controversial,most studies showed an increase in mortality due to liver disease. HCV may act as a direct cofactor to fasten the progression of AIDS and decrease the tolerance of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT). Conversely,HAART-related hepatotoxicity may enhance the progression of liver fibrosis. Due to above complications,co-infection with HCV and HIV-1 has imposed a critical challenge in the management of these patients. In this review,we focus on the epidemiology and transmission of HIV and HCV,the impact of the two viruses on each other,and their treatment.展开更多
Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses are endemic in sub- Saharan African countries including Nigeria. Researchers have studied the burden of co-infection of HIV with hepatitis B and h...Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses are endemic in sub- Saharan African countries including Nigeria. Researchers have studied the burden of co-infection of HIV with hepatitis B and hepatitis C but the risk factors and clinical presentation have not been much addressed especially in children. Methodology: This was a prospective cross sectional study that determined the prevalence, risk factors, clinical features, baseline CD4<sup>+</sup> count, CD4<sup>+</sup> percentage, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of newly diagnosed, HAART na?ve HIV co-infection among children who were managed at a Tertiary Hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria. Result: Of the 60 HIV- infected children recruited, 11.7% had HIV co-infection with HBV or HCV. Children with co-infec- tions (mean age 8.43 ± 2.37 years) were significantly older than their HIV mono-infected counterparts (mean age 5.25 ± 3.96 years) (p = 0.011). There was no significant difference between HIV monoinfection and HIV co-infection with respect to gender (p = 0.758), ethnicity (p = 0.707), religion of parents (p = 0.436), family type (p = 0.184), social class (p = 0.535), previous transfusion (p = 0.053), scarification (p = 0.612), female genital mutilation (p = 0.778), and sharing of clippers (p = 0.806). The mean BMI, immunological staging (p = 0.535), baseline ALT (p = 0.940), and mean baseline CD4<sup>+</sup> count (p = 0.928) were comparable. However, the body mass index of HIV co-infec- ted children decreased with age up till age 10 years. Conclusion: There were no risk factors, nor clinical features predictive of co-infection identified in this study. Co-infection did not negatively impact baseline, CD4<sup>+</sup> count and ALT.展开更多
目的：了解2009-2014年陕西省哨点监测6类重点人群的 HIV 感染率，并估算其 HIV-1新发感染率。方法使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和蛋白免疫印迹试验（WB）对2009-2014年陕西省艾滋病哨点监测6类重点人群共计77778人进行 HIV 抗体筛查...目的：了解2009-2014年陕西省哨点监测6类重点人群的 HIV 感染率，并估算其 HIV-1新发感染率。方法使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和蛋白免疫印迹试验（WB）对2009-2014年陕西省艾滋病哨点监测6类重点人群共计77778人进行 HIV 抗体筛查和确证检测，再应用 BED HIV-1捕获酶联免疫测定法检测其中的确证阳性样品，从而估算其HIV-1新发感染率。结果2009-2014年男男同性性行为人群的 HIV 感染率分别为3.75％，8.77％，3.50％，5.00％，6.20％和5.75％，且呈缓慢上升趋势；HIV-1新发感染率分别为5.04％，8.96％，5.01％，5.95％，4.68％和6.39％，整体呈下降趋势。青年学生、吸毒者、暗娼、孕产妇和性病门诊男性就诊者五类人群的 HIV 感染率和 HIV-1新发感染率均保持较低水平，但性病门诊男性就诊者的 HIV 感染率和 HIV-1新发感染率呈缓慢上升趋势。结论陕西省男男同性性行为人群 HIV 感染率和 HIV-1新发感染率较高，但 HIV-1新发感染率呈缓慢下降趋势，应该继续加大对该人群的干预力度，其他监测人群相对较低，但也有个别人群呈上升趋势，需采取必要的应对方法。展开更多
文摘Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection is one of the mostfrequent causes of comorbidity and mortality in the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) population, and liver-related mortality is now the second highest cause of death in HIV-positive patients, so HCV infection should be countered with adequate antiviral therapy. In 2011 began the era of directly acting antivirals(DAAs) and the HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors telaprevir and boceprevir were approved to treat HCV-genotype-1 infection, each one in combination with pegylated interferon alfa(Peg-IFN) + ribavirin(RBV). The addition of the first generation DAAs, strongly improved the efficacy of antiviral therapy in patients with HCVgenotype 1, both for the HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV coinfected, and the poor response to Peg-IFN + RBV in HCV/HIV coinfection was enhanced. These treatments showed higher rates of sustained virological response than Peg-IFN + RBV but reduced tolerability and adherence due to the high pill burden and the several pharmacokinetic interactions between HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors and antiretroviral drugs. Then in 2013 a new wave of DAAs arrived, characterized by high efficacy, good tolerability, a low pill burden and shortened treatment duration. The second and third generation DAAs also comprised IFN-free regimens, which in small recent trials on HIV-positive patients have shown comforting preliminary results in terms of efficacy, tolerability and adherence.
文摘Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is the infectious agent causing acquired immu-nodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),a deadliest scourge of human society. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major causative agent of chronic liver disease and infects an estimated 170 million people worldwide,resulting in a serious public health burden. Due to shared routes of transmission,co-infection with HIV and HCV has become common among individuals who had high risks of blood exposures. Among hemophiliacs the co-infection rate accounts for 85%; while among injection drug users (IDU) the rate can be as high as 90%. HIV can accelerate the progression of HCV-related liver disease,particularly when immunodeficiency has developed. Although the effect of HCV on HIV infection is controversial,most studies showed an increase in mortality due to liver disease. HCV may act as a direct cofactor to fasten the progression of AIDS and decrease the tolerance of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HARRT). Conversely,HAART-related hepatotoxicity may enhance the progression of liver fibrosis. Due to above complications,co-infection with HCV and HIV-1 has imposed a critical challenge in the management of these patients. In this review,we focus on the epidemiology and transmission of HIV and HCV,the impact of the two viruses on each other,and their treatment.
文摘Background: Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses are endemic in sub- Saharan African countries including Nigeria. Researchers have studied the burden of co-infection of HIV with hepatitis B and hepatitis C but the risk factors and clinical presentation have not been much addressed especially in children. Methodology: This was a prospective cross sectional study that determined the prevalence, risk factors, clinical features, baseline CD4<sup>+</sup> count, CD4<sup>+</sup> percentage, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of newly diagnosed, HAART na?ve HIV co-infection among children who were managed at a Tertiary Hospital in Ilorin, Nigeria. Result: Of the 60 HIV- infected children recruited, 11.7% had HIV co-infection with HBV or HCV. Children with co-infec- tions (mean age 8.43 ± 2.37 years) were significantly older than their HIV mono-infected counterparts (mean age 5.25 ± 3.96 years) (p = 0.011). There was no significant difference between HIV monoinfection and HIV co-infection with respect to gender (p = 0.758), ethnicity (p = 0.707), religion of parents (p = 0.436), family type (p = 0.184), social class (p = 0.535), previous transfusion (p = 0.053), scarification (p = 0.612), female genital mutilation (p = 0.778), and sharing of clippers (p = 0.806). The mean BMI, immunological staging (p = 0.535), baseline ALT (p = 0.940), and mean baseline CD4<sup>+</sup> count (p = 0.928) were comparable. However, the body mass index of HIV co-infec- ted children decreased with age up till age 10 years. Conclusion: There were no risk factors, nor clinical features predictive of co-infection identified in this study. Co-infection did not negatively impact baseline, CD4<sup>+</sup> count and ALT.
文摘目的：了解2009-2014年陕西省哨点监测6类重点人群的 HIV 感染率，并估算其 HIV-1新发感染率。方法使用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）和蛋白免疫印迹试验（WB）对2009-2014年陕西省艾滋病哨点监测6类重点人群共计77778人进行 HIV 抗体筛查和确证检测，再应用 BED HIV-1捕获酶联免疫测定法检测其中的确证阳性样品，从而估算其HIV-1新发感染率。结果2009-2014年男男同性性行为人群的 HIV 感染率分别为3.75％，8.77％，3.50％，5.00％，6.20％和5.75％，且呈缓慢上升趋势；HIV-1新发感染率分别为5.04％，8.96％，5.01％，5.95％，4.68％和6.39％，整体呈下降趋势。青年学生、吸毒者、暗娼、孕产妇和性病门诊男性就诊者五类人群的 HIV 感染率和 HIV-1新发感染率均保持较低水平，但性病门诊男性就诊者的 HIV 感染率和 HIV-1新发感染率呈缓慢上升趋势。结论陕西省男男同性性行为人群 HIV 感染率和 HIV-1新发感染率较高，但 HIV-1新发感染率呈缓慢下降趋势，应该继续加大对该人群的干预力度，其他监测人群相对较低，但也有个别人群呈上升趋势，需采取必要的应对方法。
