Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is endemic in South Africa. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occurs with increased frequency in HIV seropositive individuals. The increase in NHL has been more marked in the last...Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is endemic in South Africa. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occurs with increased frequency in HIV seropositive individuals. The increase in NHL has been more marked in the last decade, with HIV being the major contributor to this increase. More than 70% of the adult NHL patients at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH), Soweto, Johannesburg, are HIV seropositive. In addition, HIV has impacted on the clinical presentation—being more aggressive and atypical. Histologically, HIV-NHL typically manifests as B-cell, high grade lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL);Burkitt lymphoma (BL);B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between DLBCL and BL and plasmablastic lymphoma. The latter two entities, which were previously rare or unknown, have gained prominence in the last decade, occurring primarily in HIV seropositive individuals. HIV-NHL, being associated with all these adverse prognostic factors results in a poorer overall survival.展开更多
HIV （Human Immuno-deficiency Virus） prevalence in Malawi is one of the highest in the world, with 10.3% of population living with HIV. Kenya has a prevalence rate of 6% and with 1.6 million people living with HIV in...HIV （Human Immuno-deficiency Virus） prevalence in Malawi is one of the highest in the world, with 10.3% of population living with HIV. Kenya has a prevalence rate of 6% and with 1.6 million people living with HIV infection. The broad objective of the study was to assess the proportion of youth aged 15-24 years affected by HIV in Malawi and Kenya. This was a descriptive study design. Data were mainly collected from reports from government, World Bank, World Health Organization and UN agencies. Graphs, tables and charts have been used to present statistics. Data for specific age cohort were hard to find and hence, data were used for general HIV and AIDS with special attention to the youth where possible. In Kenya, HIV prevalence among young women jumps three folds from 2.8% of 15-17 year olds to 8.3% among 23-24 year olds. In Malawi, around 2,100 young people and adolescents are infected with HIV every day. In 2013, four million young people aged 15-24 were living with HIV, with 29% aged under 19 years. This age group includes school going youths, newly employed, economically productive and sexually active group. HIV prevalence in Malawi has been declining over time among persons aged 15-19 years from 16.4% in 1999 to 11.8 % in 2004 to 10.6% in 2010 and 10.3% in 2016. However, in Kenya, the trend of HIV prevalence reached its peak of 10.55% in 1995-1996 after which it declined to 6.7% in 2003 and has been stable since then.展开更多
Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection is strongly associated with a height-ened incidence of lymphomas.To mirror the natural course of human HIV infection,animal models have been developed.These models serve as v...Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection is strongly associated with a height-ened incidence of lymphomas.To mirror the natural course of human HIV infection,animal models have been developed.These models serve as valuable tools to inves-tigate disease pathobiology,assess antiretroviral and immunomodulatory drugs,ex-plore viral reservoirs,and develop eradication strategies.However,there are currently no validated in vivo models of HIV-associated lymphoma(HAL),hampering progress in this crucial domain,and scant attention has been given to developing animal models dedicated to studying HAL,despite their pivotal role in advancing knowledge.This re-view provides a comprehensive overview of the existing animal models of HAL,which may enhance our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and approaches for malignancies linked to HIV infection.展开更多
Objective To characterize the human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） -specific T lymphocyte responses and identify the immunodominant regions in Chinese HIV-1 recombinant subtype B/C chronic infectors at complete genome...Objective To characterize the human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） -specific T lymphocyte responses and identify the immunodominant regions in Chinese HIV-1 recombinant subtype B/C chronic infectors at complete genome level. Methods Twenty-five HIV-I B/C recombinant chronic infectors were screened for their specific T lymphocyte responses to a panel of peptides corresponding to the complete HIV-1 subtype B genome by gamma interferon ELISPOT assay. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance was used to test significant differences across gene regions, and Tukey pairwise analysis was used to identify differences between gene regions. Spearman rank correlation was used to assess the relation between responses. Results The order of recognized frequencies of specific T lymphocyte responses to HIV proteins was Nef〉Vpr〉Gag〉Pol〉Vpu〉Env〉Rev〉Vif〉Tat. When adjusted for protein length, Nef, Vpr, Gag, and Pol were the most intensely targeted proteins and the central region of Nef, Gag p24, Pol RT, and Vpr was most frequently recognized. No significant correlation was observed between the magnitude of IFN-γ production of HIV-l-specific T lymphocyte responses and plasma viremia, breadth of response and CD4 counts. Conclusion The central region of Nef, Gag p24, Pol RT, and Vpr is most frequently targeted in HIV-1 B/C recombinants chronic infectors. HIV-1-specific T lymphocyte responses and plasma viremia or CD4 counts play no protective role at complete genome level in these infectors.展开更多
Gene therapy is one of several approaches that are being tested in the search for an effective anti HIV treatment. In this strategy, a “resistant” gene would be introduced into target ...Gene therapy is one of several approaches that are being tested in the search for an effective anti HIV treatment. In this strategy, a “resistant” gene would be introduced into target cells, rendering them resistance to the infection of HIV. The HIV 1 Tat protein transactivate HIV 1 gene expression at the transcriptional level by interacting with its response element(TAR) in the long terminal repeat(LTR). Previously, we have shown that antisense polyTAR Core RNAs can inhibit the transactivation of HIV 1 Tat protein in transiently transfected Jurkat cells. To determine whether this antisense polyTAR Core RNAs could inhibit HIV 1 replication in CD 4+ T cells, we transfected the antisense polyTAR Core gene to MT4 cells and challenged them with HIV 1 SF33 strain. Levels of HIV 1 p24gag antigen were reduced more than 4 fold in cultures of the transduced MT4/LR cells infected with HIV 1SF33 strain. In contrast, cultures of nontransduced MT4 cells and control LX vector transduced MT4/LX cells infected with the same viruses had high levels of HIV 1 p24gag. Our work showed that antisense polyTAR Core RNAs were able to inhibit HIV 1 replication in CD 4+ T cells, and could be used as resistance gene in further studying for gene therapy against HIV 1.展开更多
Although the distribution of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has a wide regional variation, it is more common in Africa and Asia with high prevalence approaching 100% in some communities. CMV is a frequent opportunist...Although the distribution of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has a wide regional variation, it is more common in Africa and Asia with high prevalence approaching 100% in some communities. CMV is a frequent opportunistic infection and major cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV patients with severe immunosuppression. It can be contracted from body fluid, including saliva, urine, blood, cervical secretions, and semen. CMV seropositivity is considered the best laboratory measure of past infection. We determined the prevalence of CMV and the risk factors associated with its acquisition in a population of HIV positive patients. Anti-CMV IgG seroprevalence was 100% among HIV infected subjects and 98.6% among controls. Having multiple sexual partners and traditional practices were identified as risk factors associated with risk of contracting CMV infection.展开更多
文摘Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is endemic in South Africa. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) occurs with increased frequency in HIV seropositive individuals. The increase in NHL has been more marked in the last decade, with HIV being the major contributor to this increase. More than 70% of the adult NHL patients at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH), Soweto, Johannesburg, are HIV seropositive. In addition, HIV has impacted on the clinical presentation—being more aggressive and atypical. Histologically, HIV-NHL typically manifests as B-cell, high grade lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL);Burkitt lymphoma (BL);B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features intermediate between DLBCL and BL and plasmablastic lymphoma. The latter two entities, which were previously rare or unknown, have gained prominence in the last decade, occurring primarily in HIV seropositive individuals. HIV-NHL, being associated with all these adverse prognostic factors results in a poorer overall survival.
文摘HIV （Human Immuno-deficiency Virus） prevalence in Malawi is one of the highest in the world, with 10.3% of population living with HIV. Kenya has a prevalence rate of 6% and with 1.6 million people living with HIV infection. The broad objective of the study was to assess the proportion of youth aged 15-24 years affected by HIV in Malawi and Kenya. This was a descriptive study design. Data were mainly collected from reports from government, World Bank, World Health Organization and UN agencies. Graphs, tables and charts have been used to present statistics. Data for specific age cohort were hard to find and hence, data were used for general HIV and AIDS with special attention to the youth where possible. In Kenya, HIV prevalence among young women jumps three folds from 2.8% of 15-17 year olds to 8.3% among 23-24 year olds. In Malawi, around 2,100 young people and adolescents are infected with HIV every day. In 2013, four million young people aged 15-24 were living with HIV, with 29% aged under 19 years. This age group includes school going youths, newly employed, economically productive and sexually active group. HIV prevalence in Malawi has been declining over time among persons aged 15-19 years from 16.4% in 1999 to 11.8 % in 2004 to 10.6% in 2010 and 10.3% in 2016. However, in Kenya, the trend of HIV prevalence reached its peak of 10.55% in 1995-1996 after which it declined to 6.7% in 2003 and has been stable since then.
基金Chongqing Professional Talents Plan,Grant/Award Number:cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0048Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Grant/Award Number:2022CDJYGRH-001Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China,Grant/Award Number:CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1150。
文摘Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)infection is strongly associated with a height-ened incidence of lymphomas.To mirror the natural course of human HIV infection,animal models have been developed.These models serve as valuable tools to inves-tigate disease pathobiology,assess antiretroviral and immunomodulatory drugs,ex-plore viral reservoirs,and develop eradication strategies.However,there are currently no validated in vivo models of HIV-associated lymphoma(HAL),hampering progress in this crucial domain,and scant attention has been given to developing animal models dedicated to studying HAL,despite their pivotal role in advancing knowledge.This re-view provides a comprehensive overview of the existing animal models of HAL,which may enhance our understanding of the underlying pathogenesis and approaches for malignancies linked to HIV infection.
文摘Objective To characterize the human immunodeficiency virus （HIV） -specific T lymphocyte responses and identify the immunodominant regions in Chinese HIV-1 recombinant subtype B/C chronic infectors at complete genome level. Methods Twenty-five HIV-I B/C recombinant chronic infectors were screened for their specific T lymphocyte responses to a panel of peptides corresponding to the complete HIV-1 subtype B genome by gamma interferon ELISPOT assay. Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance was used to test significant differences across gene regions, and Tukey pairwise analysis was used to identify differences between gene regions. Spearman rank correlation was used to assess the relation between responses. Results The order of recognized frequencies of specific T lymphocyte responses to HIV proteins was Nef〉Vpr〉Gag〉Pol〉Vpu〉Env〉Rev〉Vif〉Tat. When adjusted for protein length, Nef, Vpr, Gag, and Pol were the most intensely targeted proteins and the central region of Nef, Gag p24, Pol RT, and Vpr was most frequently recognized. No significant correlation was observed between the magnitude of IFN-γ production of HIV-l-specific T lymphocyte responses and plasma viremia, breadth of response and CD4 counts. Conclusion The central region of Nef, Gag p24, Pol RT, and Vpr is most frequently targeted in HIV-1 B/C recombinants chronic infectors. HIV-1-specific T lymphocyte responses and plasma viremia or CD4 counts play no protective role at complete genome level in these infectors.
文摘Gene therapy is one of several approaches that are being tested in the search for an effective anti HIV treatment. In this strategy, a “resistant” gene would be introduced into target cells, rendering them resistance to the infection of HIV. The HIV 1 Tat protein transactivate HIV 1 gene expression at the transcriptional level by interacting with its response element(TAR) in the long terminal repeat(LTR). Previously, we have shown that antisense polyTAR Core RNAs can inhibit the transactivation of HIV 1 Tat protein in transiently transfected Jurkat cells. To determine whether this antisense polyTAR Core RNAs could inhibit HIV 1 replication in CD 4+ T cells, we transfected the antisense polyTAR Core gene to MT4 cells and challenged them with HIV 1 SF33 strain. Levels of HIV 1 p24gag antigen were reduced more than 4 fold in cultures of the transduced MT4/LR cells infected with HIV 1SF33 strain. In contrast, cultures of nontransduced MT4 cells and control LX vector transduced MT4/LX cells infected with the same viruses had high levels of HIV 1 p24gag. Our work showed that antisense polyTAR Core RNAs were able to inhibit HIV 1 replication in CD 4+ T cells, and could be used as resistance gene in further studying for gene therapy against HIV 1.
文摘Although the distribution of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has a wide regional variation, it is more common in Africa and Asia with high prevalence approaching 100% in some communities. CMV is a frequent opportunistic infection and major cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV patients with severe immunosuppression. It can be contracted from body fluid, including saliva, urine, blood, cervical secretions, and semen. CMV seropositivity is considered the best laboratory measure of past infection. We determined the prevalence of CMV and the risk factors associated with its acquisition in a population of HIV positive patients. Anti-CMV IgG seroprevalence was 100% among HIV infected subjects and 98.6% among controls. Having multiple sexual partners and traditional practices were identified as risk factors associated with risk of contracting CMV infection.
