Human bocavirus infection in children hospitalized with lower respiratory tract infections:Does viral load affect disease course?

Objective:To examine the effects of human bocavirus type 1(HBoV1)on the course of lower respiratory tract infections in cases of monoinfection and coinfection,and the effects of HBoV1 viral load on the disease in children under six years old hospitalized with a diagnosis of HBoV1-associated lower respiratory tract infections.Methods:Children under six years of age,who were hospitalized with the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection due to HBoV1 between 1 January 2021 and 1 January 2022 were included in the study.Laboratory confirmation of the respiratory pathogens was performed using polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Results:Fifty-four(16.4%)children with HBoV1 among 329 children whose PCR was positive with bacterial/viral agent in nasopharyngeal swab samples were included in the study.There were 28(51.9%)males and 26(48.1%)females with a median age 23.4 months[interquartile range(IQR):13.2,30.0 months](min-max:1 month-68 months).HBoV1 was detected as a monoinfecton in 26(48.1%)children,and as a coinfection with other respiratory agents in 28 children(51.9%).In multiple regression analysis,coinfection(P=0.032)was associated with the length of hospitalization(P<0.001;R^(2)=0.166).There was a negative correlation(r=−0.281,P=0.040)between cough and cycle threshold.Fever was found to be positively correlated with C-reactive protein(r=0.568,P<0.001)and procalcitonin(r=0.472;P=0.001).Conclusions:Although we found a higher HBoV1 viral load in children with more cough symptoms in our study,it had no effect on the severity of the disease,such as length of hospital stay and need for intensive care.Coinfection was found to affect the length of hospitalization.

The Prevalence of Human Metapneumovirus among Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in North Kordofan State, Sudan

Objective: To determine the prevalence of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) among children with acute respiratory tract infection and the correlation between (hMPV) and age group. Methods: This prospective, descriptive cross-sectional hospital-based study is carried out from January to May 2019 among children from under five years old who were admitted to El-Obeid pediatric teaching Hospital, North kordofan, Sudan with acute respiratory tract infection. Results: Fifty hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection were enrolled in the study. Two of these (4%) were tested positive for (hMPV) in the age group (7 months - 2 years) old. Moreover, the study showed no significant correlation between infection with (hMPV) and age.

Detection of Human Bocavirus in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in Lanzhou and Nanjing,China

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the prevalent characteristics of HBoV1 and its co-infection.Methods PCR was used to detect HBoV1-DNA（HBoV1） and other viruses.A multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore possibility of co-detected for related viruses.Results The positivity rates in Nanjing and Lanzhou were 9.38%（74/789） and 11.62%（161/1386）,respectively（P〉0.05）.The HBoV1 positive group was younger than negative group（P〈0.05）.Seasonal differences were noted,with a higher frequency of infection in December and July.HBoV1-positive children [72.34%（169/235）] were co-infected with other respiratory viruses.Multifactorial analysis showed no correlations between HBoV1 and the clinical classification,region,gender,age,or treatment as an outpatient or in a hospital.Correlations were identified between HBoV1 infections with ADV（OR=1.53,95% CI 1.03-2.28）,RSV（OR=0.71,95% CI 0.52-0.98）,and IFVA（OR=1.77,95% CI 1.00-3.13）.Conclusions Presence of HBoV1 in nasopharyngeal aspirates did not correlate with region or gender,although the prevalence of HBoV1 was higher in younger children.There were no correlations between HBoV1 and other variables,except for the season and ADV,RSV,or IFVA infections.

Clinical Observation on 46 Cases of Infantile Repeated Respiratory Tract Infection Treated by Mild-Moxibustion over Acupoints on Back

Repeated respiratory tract infection is a frequently-occurring disease during childhood. At present, western medicine doctors generally adopt anti-infectives and immunomodulators to treat the disease, while traditional Chinese medicine doctors mainly administer decoction of Chinese herbs. The authors treated 46 cases of repeated respiratory tract infection from March 1990 to April 1996 by applying mild-moxibustion over points on the back with satisfactory therapeutic results. A report follows. Clinical Data All the 86 cases were outpatients in our hospital with duration of common cold for over 10 days and characterized by relapse of respiratory tract infection. There were over 7-time relapse of respiratory tract infection on each case within a year. Eighty-six cases were randomly divided into treatment group (46 cases) and control group (40 cases). Of the 46 cases in the treatment group, 22 were boys and 24 girls. 17 cases (36.9%) were 6 months to 4 years old, 18 (39.1%) 4 to 6 years, and 11 (23.9%) 6 to 12 years. Among the 40 cases in the control group, 19 cases were boys and 21 girls.

Clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of human metapneumovirus in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections in China, 2017 to 2019: A multicentre prospective observational study

Human metapneumovirus(HMPV) infection is one of the leading causes of hospitalization in young children with acute respiratory illness. In this study, we prospectively collected respiratory tract samples from children who were hospitalized with acute lower respiratory tract infection in six hospitals in China from 2017 to 2019. HMPV was detected in 145 out of 2733 samples(5.3%) from the hospitalized children. The majority of HMPV-positive children were under the age of two(67.6%), with a median age of one year. HMPV can independently cause acute lower respiratory tract infection in young children, while all patients showed mild clinical symptoms. Of all the co-infected patients, HMPV was most commonly detected with enterovirus(EV) or rhinovirus(RhV)(38.0%),followed by respiratory syncytial virus(RSV)(32.0%). The highest detection rate occurred from March to May in both northern and southern China. Out of 145 HMPV positive samples, 48 were successfully typed, of which 36strains were subgrouped into subtypes A2c(75%), eight strains were included in subtype B1(16.7%), and four strains were included in subtype B2(8.3%). Moreover, 16 A2c strains contained 111-nucleotide duplications in the G gene. Twenty-seven complete HMPV genomes were successfully obtained, and 25(92.6%) strains belonged to subtype A2c, whereas one strain was included in subgroup B1 and another was included in subgroup B2. A total of 277 mutations were observed in the complete genomes of 25 A2c strains. All results presented here improve our understanding of clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of HMPV infection in children.

A multi-center study on Molecular Epidemiology of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus from Children with Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in the Mainland of China between 2015 and 2019

Human respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is a major pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infection among young children. To investigate the prevalence and genetic characteristics of RSV in China, we performed a molecular epidemiological study during 2015–2019. A total of 964 RSV-positive specimens were identified from 5529 enrolled patients during a multi-center study. RSV subgroup A(RSV-A) was the predominant subgroup during this research period except in2016. Totally, 535 sequences of the second hypervariable region(HVR-2) of the G gene were obtained. Combined with182 Chinese sequences from GenBank, phylogenetic trees showed that 521 RSV-A sequences fell in genotypes ON1(512),NA1(6) and GA5(3), respectively;while 196 RSV-B sequences fell in BA9(193) and SAB4(3). ON1 and BA9 were the only genotypes after December 2015. Genotypes ON1 and BA9 can be separated into 10 and 7 lineages, respectively. The HVR-2 of genotype ON1 had six amino acid changes with a frequency more than 10%, while two substitutions H258 Q and H266 L were co-occurrences. The HVR-2 of genotype BA9 had nine amino acid substitutions with a frequency more than10%, while the sequences with T290 I and T312 I were all from 2018 to 2019. One N-glycosylation site at 237 was identified among ON1 sequences, while two N-glycosylation sites(296 and 310) were identified in the 60-nucleotide duplication region of BA9. To conclusion, ON1 and BA9 were the predominant genotypes in China during 2015–2019. For the genotypes ON1 and BA9, the G gene exhibited relatively high diversity and evolved continuously.

银川市下呼吸道感染住院患儿中人鼻病毒的流行病学及临床特征分析

目的:回顾性分析银川市下呼吸道感染患儿中人鼻病毒的流行病学及临床特征,为儿童预防人鼻病毒(human rhinovirus,HRV)及临床诊疗提供理论依据。方法:采集2018至2019年因下呼吸道感染就诊于银川市妇幼保健院儿科的989例住院患儿的下呼吸道分泌物,采用多重PCR方法检测标本中病毒检出情况,分析人鼻病毒病例的基本情况、临床特征及实验室检查指标。结果:本研究989例下呼吸道感染患儿中,HRV总检出率为38.3%,HRV单纯感染率为9.5%,混合其他病毒感染率为28.9%;感染HRV的男患儿有221例(58.3%),女患儿有158例(41.7%);HRV感染常年都有发生,但主要流行在夏季和秋季;HRV感染患儿87.3%被诊断为肺炎,13.7%为支气管和毛细支气管炎;90.2%的感染患儿为小于6岁的儿童。HRV感染和非HRV感染患儿相比,HRV感染组发热和呕吐症状明显(P<0.05),而咳嗽、喘息、喘憋、闻及喘鸣音等临床特征方面没有统计学差异(P>0.05),在实验室检查指标分析中,血红蛋白、红细胞计数、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶以及乳酸酶含量均存在明显差异(P<0.05);结论:HRV是银川地区常见的下呼吸道感染病原体,6岁以下儿童极易感染,以发热为主要症状,且HRV感染会引发肺炎、支气管炎及毛细支气管炎下呼吸道感染疾病;HRV常与其他病毒混合感染;具有以夏、秋季为感染高峰的明显的季节性流行。

2001～2006年成都市儿童医院常见下呼吸道病原菌分布及耐药性检测

目的了解成都地区小儿下呼吸道感染疾病常见致病菌的分布情况及抗生素耐药的变化趋势。方法对成都市儿童医院2001—2006年下呼吸道感染住院患儿痰液培养所分离的所有菌株进行分析，试验方法严格按照美国国家临床试验室标准委员会（NCCLS）最新标准进行。结果该研究中2001—2003年下呼吸道病原菌依次为：嗜血杆菌属24．3％，肺炎链球菌18.8％，大肠埃希菌18．2％，肺炎克雷伯菌11．3％、金黄色葡萄球菌10．0％，表皮葡萄球菌6．5％，铜绿假单胞菌6．4％，其他非发酵菌4．4％；2004～2006年主要病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主（64％），依次为：大肠埃希菌23．7％，嗜血杆菌属19．8％，肺炎链球菌17．9％，肺炎克雷伯菌13．2％，金黄色葡萄球菌10．3％，表皮葡萄球菌7．8％，铜绿假单胞菌4．0％，其他非发酵菌3．2％。2004—2006年与2001—2003年比较，病原菌总体耐药情况呈上升趋势。2001～2003年耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）检出率为8．8％，耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性的葡萄球菌（MRCNS）菌株检出率为18．1％，大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌ESBLs阳性菌株合计检出率为22．6％，流感嗜血杆菌产β-内酰胺酶率20．1％；2004—2006年MRSA菌株为18．0％、MRCNS菌株为70．5％，大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌ESBLS＋菌株合计检出率为44．4％，流感嗜血杆菌产β-内酰胺酶率40．2％。结论近3年来该院儿科常见下呼吸道病原菌分布排序已发生变化，病原菌总体耐药情况呈上升趋势，病原菌常见耐药表型检出率明显增加应引起临床医师和医院感染管理部门高度关注。

2006—2008年苏州地区儿童呼吸道人偏肺病毒感染的流行和临床特征

目的了解人类偏肺病毒(hMPV)在苏州地区小儿呼吸系统感染中的感染情况,分析其流行病学特点;探讨hMPV感染后的临床特征。方法选取2006年1月—2008年12月苏州大学附属儿童医院6 395例急性呼吸道感染住院患儿,总结临床特征;用逆转录-聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)检测痰液中hMPV N基因,随机挑选部分阳性PCR扩增产物进行核苷酸测定,并将所测序列在GenBank中进行比较分析。结果 6 395例标本中,检测到589份RT-PCR阳性扩增产物,检出率为9.2%,其中2006年度hMPV检出率为8.4%,2007年为7.6%,2008年为12.6%。hMPV在3年的每个月份都有检出,但在2006年12月、2007年1月和2008年5月呈现年度高峰,分别为24.2%、21.6%、31.9%。589例hMPV感染患儿的平均年龄为22.21个月;临床诊断上呼吸道感染3.6%,喉炎2.0%,毛细支气管炎20.2%,肺炎61.8%,哮喘急性发作12.4%。主要临床表现为咳嗽,鼻塞流涕,发热,呼吸困难,哺喂困难,喘息。20份hMPV N基因部分核苷酸片断与GenBank中hMPV N基因序列同源性为99%～100%。结论苏州地区部分儿童的呼吸道感染与hMPV有关。全年均存在hMPV感染,流行高峰在冬春季,连续3年的检出率有较大差异。hMPV感染的临床特征无特异性。

温州地区儿童急性下呼吸道感染病原学及细菌耐药性检测

目的了解温州地区儿童急性下呼吸道感染（LRTI）的病原学特点及细菌耐药情况。方法454例急性LRTI患儿（年龄1个月～10岁，中位年龄6．0个月）入院24h内抽取下呼吸道分泌物送细菌培养，药敏试验采用K—B法，同时应用直接免疫荧光法检测呼吸道病毒。结果297例（65．4％）病原检测阳性，其中病毒阳性229例（50．4％），以呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）最多见（39．6％），其次为副流感病毒3型（PIV3）（6．6％）、腺病毒（2．2％）、流感病毒A型（0．9％）及流感病毒B型（0．7％）。共分离出19种135株（29．7％）致病菌，以肺炎克雷伯杆菌（K.pn）最多见（9．9％），其次为大肠杆菌（Ecoli）（4．4％），尼pn和E．coli产ESBLs株分别占42．2％和65．0％；肺炎链球菌（SP）占4．2％。混合感染率为14．8％。6个月以下患儿前5位病原为RSV，尼pn，PIV3，E．coli及SA；而RSV，PIV3，SP，尼pn及E．coli则是6个月至3岁患儿常见的病原。尼pn和Ecoli对氨苄西林的耐药率分别达97．8％和75．0％，产ESBLs株的足pn和E．coli对头孢菌素普遍耐药；SP对红霉素的耐药率高达100％，对青霉素的耐药率亦达68．4％，而SA对红霉素和青霉素的耐药率分别为94．7％和89．5％。结论RSV是温州地区儿童急性LRTI最常见的病原，其次为K.pn和PIV3。常见细菌的抗生素耐药性及革兰阴性杆菌产ESBLs的比率均相当高。

太原地区急性呼吸道人偏肺病毒和人博卡病毒感染患儿临床特征分析

目的了解太原地区急性呼吸道感染(ARTIs)儿童人偏肺病毒(hMPV)与人博卡病毒(HBoV)的感染情况及其临床和流行病学特征。方法采集2012年11月—2013年5月及2013年11月—2014年5月就诊的ARTIs患儿549例,采集咽拭子标本,应用实时PCR方法检测hMPV与HBoV。结果 549例患儿的咽拭子标本中hMPV阳性56例(10.2%),HBoV阳性15例(2.7%)。其中2012年11月—2013年5月hMPV与HBoV检出率分别为12.3%和2.0%,2013年11月—2014年5月hMPV与HBoV检出率分别为6.5%和4.0%,两时间段hMPV检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),HBoV检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);不同月份hMPV、HBoV检出率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。hMPV与HBoV均在<2岁组中检出率最高。hMPV在喘息性支气管炎与毛细支气管炎患儿中检出率最高。结论太原地区hMPV和HBoV与部分儿童尤其是婴幼儿ARTIs有关,hMPV是诱发部分婴幼儿喘息性疾病的重要病原体之一。

深圳地区80例儿童下呼吸道感染人类偏肺病毒的检测

目的了解深圳地区人类偏肺病毒(hMPV)在儿童急性下呼吸道感染中的致病情况和临床特点。方法收集80例急性下呼吸道感染患儿的鼻咽分泌物,采用多重PCR扩增结合多功能流式点阵仪检测hMPV的F基因,阳性病例同时用单逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)技术检测hMPV的核蛋白基因、N基因和L基因,并分析hMPV阳性患儿的临床特点。结果多重PCR扩增结合多功能流式点阵仪检测出hMPV 2例,其阳性率为2.5%(2/80),并经单RT-PCR证实。其他常见呼吸道RNA病毒为呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)8例,副流感病毒(PIV)6例,鼻病毒(RhV)3例,柯萨奇及埃可病毒(CVEV)3例,流感病毒A(IFVA)4例。2例hMPV阳性患者临床过程一般。结论深圳地区儿童下呼吸道中存在有人类偏肺病毒的感染,临床上无明显特殊表现。

2015-2016年西安地区儿童肺炎支原体下呼吸道感染的流行病学分析

目的探讨2015年1月~2016年12月西安地区儿童肺炎支原体(MP)下呼吸道感染状况。方法应用ELISA方法对西安地区2015年1月~2016年12月9 648例急性下呼吸道感染患儿的血清标本进行MP-IgM抗体检测。结果9648例急性下呼吸道感染患儿的血清标本中MP-IgM抗体阳性2 971例,总阳性率为30.79%。其中婴儿组(<1岁),幼儿组(1~3岁),学龄前组(3~6岁),学龄组(6~14岁)中MP阳性检出率分别是7.00%,27.29%,36.10%和37.76%;不同季度MP感染的检出率也有明显差异,其中第一季度MP感染的检出率明显高于其他季度,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 2015~2016年西安地区存在MP感染流行,儿童MP感染率随年龄增长而升高,第一季度感染率较高,因此需加强对MP感染的预防和监测。

重庆地区急性下呼吸道感染住院患儿人偏肺病毒感染的流行病学研究

目的了解重庆地区急性下呼吸道感染(ALRTI)住院患儿人偏肺病毒(hMPV)感染的流行病学特点和临床特征。方法收集2006年4月至2008年3月重庆医科大学附属儿童医院呼吸科病房每周一、三、五因ALRTI住院患儿住院当日白天的鼻咽吸取物(NPA),采用荧光定量PCR方法检测hMPV基因组RNA,阳性标本采用传统PCR方法扩增F基因,进一步确定是否存在hMPV感染,扩增G基因用于遗传进化分析。同时采用传统PCR方法检测呼吸道合胞病毒(RSV)和冠状病毒NL-63(HCoV-NL63),直接免疫荧光法(DFA)检测流感病毒A、B亚型,副流感病毒1、2、3型和腺病毒。分析hMPV感染的流行病学特点和临床特征。结果研究期间共收集878份标本,占同期ALRTI入院病例的13.9%(878/6296例)。hMPV阳性227/878例(25.9%)。男∶女为1.9∶1。hMPV阳性227例中,<6个月119例(52.4%),～2岁72例(31.7%),～6岁34例(15.0%),>6岁2例(0.9%)。hMPV流行特点为全年散发,好发季节为冬春季。hMPV阳性率2006年4月至2007年3月为18.5%(72/390例),2007年4月至2008年3月为31.8%(155/488例)。227例hMPV阳性患儿临床诊断以肺炎(148例,65.2%)和毛细支气管炎(65例,28.6%)为主。hMPV可与常见呼吸道病毒协同感染,其中与RSV协同感染率最高(41.9%,95/227例)。遗传进化分析显示,研究期间重庆地区hMPVA和B基因型均流行,以A2亚型为优势株。结论 hMPV是重庆地区ALRTI住院患儿重要的呼吸道病毒病原之一,以<6个月婴儿为主要感染人群。

小儿肺炎克雷伯菌下呼吸道感染临床特点及耐药率

目的了解小儿下呼吸道肺炎克雷伯菌感染的临床特征及其耐药性。方法回顾性分析2015年1—12月经痰培养确诊为下呼吸道肺炎克雷伯菌感染的107例患儿临床资料。结果 62.62%的患儿发病年龄为6个月内,64.49%的患儿为秋冬季节发病。临床均有咳嗽,39例伴有发热,主要并发症为Ⅰ型呼吸衰竭、Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭、心功能不全、电解质紊乱,其中两个系统并发症者39例(36.45%),三个系统并发症者5例(4.67%),47例(43.93%)符合重症肺炎诊断标准。43例(40.19%)有原发基础性疾病,主要是先天性心脏病、早产和低体重儿、营养不良。亚胺培南耐药菌感染患儿较非耐药菌感染患儿更易发生肺外并发症。肺炎克雷伯菌对阿米卡星(9.35%)耐药率最低。临床痊愈和显效90例,有效11例,4例未愈自动出院,死亡2例。结论小儿下呼吸道肺炎克雷伯菌感染以年龄6个月内、合并有原发基础性疾病婴儿发病率高,且并发症多。

致儿童下呼吸道感染肺炎链球菌分离株的临床特征及药敏分析

目的分析下呼吸道感染患儿肺炎链球菌(SP)分离株的临床特征及其对常用抗生素的药敏情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法采用回顾性分析法,收集2008年1月到2012年12月自下呼吸道感染患儿分离的SP 6 358株,采用纸片扩散法及E-test法进行抗菌药物敏感试验;按CLSI判断标准分析药敏结果。结果 SP分离株主要来自于儿内科各专业科室,感染病例以各类肺炎和支气管炎为主。在分离的6 358株SP中,青霉素、头孢噻肟、红霉素、克林霉素、复方新诺明、四环素、氯霉素、左氧氟沙星、万古霉素的耐药率分别为5.0%、12.9%、98.7%、96.0%、92.2%、7.3%、5.6%、0.2%、0.0%;青霉素与头孢噻肟的年耐药率差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。318株耐青霉素SP对上述药物的耐药率分别为100.0%、42.6%、100.0%、100.0%、99.2%、23.6%、6.8%、0.6%、0.0%,青霉素与头孢噻肟间比较,耐药率差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。结论下呼吸道感染患儿分离的SP对红霉素、克林霉素、复方新诺明及四环素的耐药率较高,对头孢噻肟的耐药率呈逐年递增的趋势,临床应依据药敏结果选择合适的抗菌药物。

急性呼吸道感染患儿的病原学研究

目的探讨苏州地区7岁以下儿童急性呼吸道感染（ARTI）的病原学分布。方法无菌负压吸引法采集1668侧7岁以下ARTI住院患儿新鲜痰液，细菌培养检测细菌，直接免疫荧光法检测7种呼吸道病毒，逆转录聚合酶链反应（RrPCR）法检测人类偏肺病毒（hMPV）N基因，酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）法检测血清肺炎支原体（MP）抗体。结果1668例患儿中，病原检测阳性1107例（66．4％），其中单纯病毒感染359例（21．5％），单纯细菌感染271例（16．3％），单纯肺炎支原体感染222例（13．3％），混合感染255例（15．3％）。病毒以呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）为主（19．2％），人类偏肺病毒（hMPV）次之（12．0％）；细菌则以肺炎链球菌为主（12．0％），其次为流感嗜血杆菌（3．8％）。结论①本地区7岁以下ARTI儿童最常见病原是病毒，其次是细菌、支原体。②RSV是本地区冬春季低年龄婴幼儿ARTI的主要病原。流感病毒、副流感病毒感染无流行迹象。本地区hMPV在2008年3～5月有一流行高峰。肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌是主要的细菌病原。MP感染多见于1岁以上儿童。混合感染则多见于3岁以下儿童。

儿童下呼吸道肺炎链球菌感染临床特征及耐药性

目的分析南京地区下呼吸道肺炎链球菌(SP)感染患儿的临床特征及耐药性。方法回顾性分析2013年7月—2014年6月南京某儿童医院经痰培养确诊为下呼吸道SP感染的患儿临床资料,对菌株进行药物敏感试验和最低抑菌浓度(MIC)检测。结果 197例SP感染患儿,<3岁者占72.59%,秋冬季发病者占63.96%,外周血白细胞升高者占57.87%,临床表现以咳嗽、发热多见,呼吸系统外并发症以消化系统和循环系统多见。SP对阿奇霉素、青霉素及红霉素耐药率分别为94.92%、92.89%、88.83%;对万古霉素、氯霉素、美罗培南、头孢曲松、氧氟沙星敏感率均>90%,其中对万古霉素敏感率高达98.98%。结论下呼吸道SP感染患儿以3岁内婴幼儿所占比例高,秋冬季节发病多见,对阿奇霉素、青霉素和红霉素耐药率高,临床上应根据药敏结果选择用药。

江西省2438例急性呼吸道感染儿童中人偏肺病毒感染分析

目的了解2010-2016年江西省2438例急性呼吸道感染儿童中人偏肺病毒感染情况和病毒基因型特征。方法于2010年4月至2016年12月采集江西地区呼吸道感染儿童鼻咽拭子或支气管灌洗液标本;采用RT-PCR方法对人偏肺病毒进行核酸检测,对人偏肺病毒核酸阳性样本进行F基因扩增和测序,采用DNAStar和MEGA6.0软件对所得基因序列进行分析。结果2010-2016年共采集2438例急性呼吸道感染儿童呼吸道标本。其中54例患儿标本人偏肺病毒核酸阳性,阳性率为2.21%,5岁以下儿童占总病例数90.74%。不同月份间人偏肺病毒检出率差异具有统计学意义,主要流行月份在12月和1-3月;阳性率在男女性别分布差异无统计学意义,共测序获得28株人偏肺病毒的F基因序列,系统进化分析显示,江西地区流行的人偏肺病毒有A2,B1,B2基因型,其中以A2基因型为主。结论人偏肺病毒是引起江西省儿童急性呼吸道病毒感染的重要病原体之一,冬春季高发,A2为优势流行的基因型。

苏州地区儿童急性下呼吸道鼻病毒感染流行特点及与气候因素的相关性研究

目的 :探讨苏州地区儿童急性下呼吸道鼻病毒感染的流行特点及与气候因素的相关性。方法 :2013年1—12月对因急性下呼吸道感染住院的1 926例儿童,运用实时定量PCR法检测鼻咽抽吸物(NPA)人鼻病毒(HRV),收集同期苏州地区月平均气温、平均湿度、总降水量、总日照时间、平均风速等气象资料。采用Spearman秩相关法分析鼻病毒活性与气候因素的相关性。结果:2013年1—12月间苏州地区下呼吸道感染儿童HRV的检出率为11.1%,且多见于3岁以下患儿(81.3%);HRV感染好发于夏、秋季;HRV检出率与月平均气温呈正相关。结论:HRV是苏州地区儿童急性下呼吸道感染的重要病原之一,气候因素尤其是气温对HRV的流行可能有影响。