Human Systems Therapy:Use of Interpersonal Relations in Promoting Therapeutic Change

The aim of this work is to present the central role of interpersonal relations in Human Systems Therapy(HST).Psychotherapies can be classified as(a)down-top therapies,such as individual therapies following reductionism,namely influencing the whole(behavior)through the intra-psychic parts,(b)top-down or holistic therapies,such as family therapies influencing the parts(individuals)through the whole family,and(c)the combination of down-top and top-down.Emotionally Focused Therapy(EFT)and Multisystemic Therapy(MST)act on two levels that influence each other,namely the individuals and their relations.This is also applied,more or less,on relational and interpersonal therapies.When there is an intervention in two interacting parts or levels,then the result of the intervention is more than additive and more effective.When the levels are more than two,then the effectiveness is expected to be even higher.This is the case of Human Systems Therapy(HST),which is applied intrapsychically,on interpersonal relations and on family and/or larger systems,with interpersonal relations having a central role.HST is based on general systems principles and it constitutes a multilevel approach:(a)a definition of a human system,(b)epistemology,(c)a model of human systems personality/intelligence,(d)an increase in order and variety.Besides,HST includes a large number of techniques.Empirical support of HST effectiveness shows that(a)after seven sessions with schizophrenics,39%of psychotic symptoms are reduced,(b)after eight sessions with hashish adolescent users,all users stop the use completely,and(c)9 out of 11 psychiatric non-psychotic cases(81%),after four sessions,become non-psychiatric ones(treated).

The Profound Revelation of Human Social Relations and the Profound Realization of Information Right of Citizens——The social significance of network technique advancement in the perspective of “Entity Cube”

The R＆D group of relationship searching in Microsoft Asia Research Institute explains ＂Entity Cube＂ launched in 2008 as follows：

Prokaryotic Expression and Preparation of Polyantibody of Human Histydyl-tRNA Synthetase Related Gene

Summary: The aim of this study was to express and purify human histydyl-tRNA synthetase related gene and to prepare its polyantibody. The open reading frame was amplified by PCR, and then recombined into prokaryotic expression vector pQE30 and transformed into E. coli M15 for expression. The expressed products were induced by IPTG after the reconstructed pQE30 was transferred into M15. After purified by Ni affinity chromatography, the product was identified to be a single band by SDS-PAGE. The rabbits were inoculated with purified products. High-titer polyantibody was successfully prepared. Highly-purified expression product and prepared polyantibody may provide a good basis for further study.

Relative Universality of Human Rights: Theory and Practice

Introduction After the birth of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights （UDHR）, ＂universal human rights＂ became a novel formal legal term both in the field of jurisprudence and in the international community. The notion of ＂universal human rights＂ indicates the ideal of ＂all human rights for all.＂ As the provision in Article 2 of the UDHR stated： ＂Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, politi cal or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.＂ However, some nonWestern govern ment officials and intellectuals have expressed doubts about the justifi ability of the term, which seems only to be a reflection of unique Western culture rather than Asian or Arabian ones. At the Vienna World Human Rights Conference, many heads of state said that universal human rights cannot be compatible with nonWest em culture. Even Lee Kuan Yew, the former leader of Singapore, declared in 1996： ＂Asian values are universal values. European values are European values.＇＇~ This statement is obviously a rejection of the idea that human rights are universal. In contrast, universal rights extremists and human rights activists and NGOs, such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, try to propagandize unified international human rights standards and international human rights re gimes. The debate continues from the diplomatic field to the academic field. But, in the foreseeable future,

关系主义视域中人的本质之“对象性—活动”逻辑与“中国道路”的世界意义

作为人的本质理论的始源性理论根基,本质范畴的历史演进表现为从研究范式的变迁,即从实体主义本质观到关系主义本质观,与此相适应,人的本质观也表现为不同的理论形态。这一演进过程并不意味着能够取消对于“根据”问题的追问,其合理限度仅仅在于表明实体主义本质观的研究范式已经无法满足人类追问“根据”问题的理论需要与现实需要。以“对象性—活动”人学为理论基点,马克思深刻揭露了黑格尔哲学中实体主义本质观所隐藏的“非对象性”这一非关系主义的根源性理论缺陷,并从主体与客体两个理论向度及其实践性的统一上完整地建构了对于人的本质的回答。面对资本主义生产方式所主导的现代化发展道路及严重的全球性生存困境,中国特色社会主义发展道路不仅深刻彰显了一种新的生存智慧与文明形态,更为世界各国提供了一种不同于西方资本主义生产方式所主导的生存方式与发展境界。

Tendency of Confucian Thought in Emily Dickinson’s Poems

Emily Dickinson’s poems embody both Confucianism and Daoism.Dickinson’s poems express attachment to earthly life and to family and friends;the poetess ponders over war from a unique viewpoint and she pays attention to the development of industry and technology in her poetry;many readers think Dickinson despises fame and fortune,however,some of her poems are full of dialectical thinking about fame and fortune.All these accord with Confucian thought which attaches importance to family and human relations and social affairs.Basing on some selected poetic texts,the tendency of Confucian thought in Emily Dickinson’s poems will be expounded in this paper.

儒家文化背景下文科类研究生学术道德困境与出路——对一所高校3个学院的质性调查

在儒家关系主义文化背景下,研究生的学术道德深受"人情"、"关系"、"面子"等因素的影响,通过走人情路线,拉关系发表论文在研究生中广泛存在;多数老师碍于面子不情愿揭发学术不端的研究生,个别学生为了蝇头小利甘愿当枪手,替人写论文。很多研究生在关系思维与科学态度之间迷失了方向,对待科学数据不严谨。我们要做的是健全学术规范,推行学术制度的监督和惩罚机制。

Effect of Matrine on Human Ether à go-go Related Gene (HERG) Channels Expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

Objective： To observe the effect of matrine on human ether à go-go related gene （HERG） potassium channels expressed in Chinese hamster ovary （CHO） cells and investigate whether HERG channel is a new target of the pharmacological effect of matrine on arrhythmia and tumor. Methods： HERG channel potassium current in CHO cell was recorded using whole-cell patch-clamp technique, and the influence of matrine on the current was explored. Results： Matrine inhibited HERG potassium current in a dose-dependent manner, and the 50% inhibitory concentration （IC50） was 411±23 μmol/L. Matrine had no significant effect on the activation kinetics, and mainly blocked HERG channels in their closed state. Conclusions： The blocking effect of matrine on HERG channels might be one of the mechanisms against arrythmias and tumors. Unlike most other blockers exerting blocking effect at the intracellular sites by entering the cell with the opening of HERG channel, matrine blocked HERG channels at the extracellular sites.

我国法律信任缺失的原因——历史、文化视角的解释

学界在讨论我国法律为什么难以获得人们的信任时,多从体制内寻找原因。然而,要探寻我国法律信任缺失的原因,不能局限于体制之内,而应当采取一种更广阔的视野,即历史和文化的视野。唯有如此,才能对我国法律不被信任的原因进行全方位的揭示,也才能为我国法律信任的培育提供一些富于建设性的启示。总体而言,我国法律信任的缺失,与性恶论的人性理论、关系主义的社会交往理念、法律的唯工具性以及社会中间组织的匮乏等都有着密切关联。

从主体性到关系性:人权论证的范式转向

人权是时代的观念。通过分析人权的概念要素可以看到,尽管人权争议源于对"人"的理解不同而体现为人权性质上的争议,但在根本上则在于,它们都属于一种主体性哲学框架下的人权论证理论,从而具有不可避免的缺陷。对人权正当性的追问必然要求实现人权论证的范式转向,即从主体性转向关系性。从关系性视角来论证人权尽管源于青年黑格尔,但只是到当代才由哈贝马斯立足交往行动理论作出了系统的阐明。在实践上,人权论证的关系论转向对进一步深化与推动人权具有重要的意义。

从实在论走向关系论:机器人伦理研究的方法论转换

在探究机器人道德意义的进程中,机器人伦理学内部发展出了两条不同的方法论进路:机器人伦理的实在论进路和机器人伦理的关系论进路。机器人伦理的实在论进路将机器人的道德意义建立在机器人的客观本质和特征之基础上,这既使它陷入了巨大的理论困境,又使它面临着无法克服的实践悖论。通过将机器人的道德意义与机器人在具体的人-机器人关系中呈现于人类意识面前的表观特征相关联,机器人伦理的关系论进路表现出了极大的战略优势:它不仅避免了机器人伦理的实在论进路所遭遇的理论困境和实践悖论,而且还对人类幸福和美好的生活有着更为重要的意义。这就确证了从机器人伦理的实在论进路走向机器人伦理的关系论进路的理论合理性和实践必然性。