Microglia play multiple roles in such processes as brain development,homeostasis,and pathology.Due to their diverse mechanisms of functions,the complex sub-classifications,and the large differences between different s...Microglia play multiple roles in such processes as brain development,homeostasis,and pathology.Due to their diverse mechanisms of functions,the complex sub-classifications,and the large differences between different species,especially compared with humans,very different or even opposite conclusions can be drawn from studies with different research models.The choice of appropriate research models and the associated tools are thus key ingredients of studies on microglia.Mice are the most commonly used animal models.In this review,we summarize in vitro and in vivo models of mouse and human-derived microglial research models,including microglial cell lines,primary microglia,induced microglia-like cells,transgenic mice,human-mouse chimeric models,and microglial replacement models.We also summarize recent developments in novel single-cell and in vivo imaging technologies.We hope our review can serve as an efficient reference for the future study of microglia.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0909200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81671336)+1 种基金Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders(YG2016ZD06)the Shanghai Mental Health Center(2019-YJ06).
文摘Microglia play multiple roles in such processes as brain development,homeostasis,and pathology.Due to their diverse mechanisms of functions,the complex sub-classifications,and the large differences between different species,especially compared with humans,very different or even opposite conclusions can be drawn from studies with different research models.The choice of appropriate research models and the associated tools are thus key ingredients of studies on microglia.Mice are the most commonly used animal models.In this review,we summarize in vitro and in vivo models of mouse and human-derived microglial research models,including microglial cell lines,primary microglia,induced microglia-like cells,transgenic mice,human-mouse chimeric models,and microglial replacement models.We also summarize recent developments in novel single-cell and in vivo imaging technologies.We hope our review can serve as an efficient reference for the future study of microglia.
