Tyrosine kinase inhibitors and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 positive breast cancer

The body of evidence investigating human epidermal growth factor receptor-2(HER2)directed therapy in patients with breast cancer(BC)has been growing within the last decade.Recently,the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)has been of particular interest in the treatment of human malignancies.This literature commentary is intended to highlight the most recent findings associated with the widely-studied TKI agents and their clinical significance in improving the outcomes of HER2 positive BC.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive rates in invasive lobular breast carcinoma: The Singapore experience

BACKGROUND Invasive lobular carcinomas(ILC)form 5%-10%of breast cancer and rarely show overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2).AIM To describe the prevalence and prognostic factors of HER2 positive(HER2+)ILC in an Asian population.METHODS A retrospective review of patients with ILC seen between January 1985 and March 2018 at various SingHealth medical institutions was conducted.Demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records.We examined clinicopathological characteristics and survival in relation to HER2 status.RESULTS A total of 864 patients were included.Prevalence of HER2 positivity was 10.1%(87 patients).Compared with HER2 negative(HER2-)ILC,HER2+ILC was associated with a higher proportion of estrogen receptor negative(24.4%vs 5.9%,P<0.001),progesterone receptor negative(PR-)(40.2%vs 24%,P=0.002)and grade 3 tumours(Grade 3,29.0%vs 10.2%,P<0.001).Overall survival rate was poorer in patients with HER2+compared to HER2-ILC(56.7%vs 72.9%alive at 10 years;hazard ratio 1.87,95%confidence interval:1.21-2.90,P=0.004).Based on multivariate analysis,negative prognostic factors for overall survival included HER2 positivity,PR negativity,older age,Indian ethnicity and higher tumour stage.CONCLUSION Prevalence of HER2+ILC was 10.1%.HER2+ILC was more likely to have poorer prognostic features such as estrogen receptor negative,PR-and higher tumour grade,and have a poorer survival.

Multi-person vision tracking approach based on human body localization features

This paper presents a multi-person vision tracking approach based on human body localization features to address the problem of interactive object localization and tracking in a home monitoring scenario.Firstly,the human body localization model is used to obtain the 3D position of the human body,which is then used to construct the human body motion model based on the Kalman filter method.At the same time,the human appearance model is constructed by fusing human color features and features of the histogram of oriented gradient to better characterize the human body.Secondly,the human body observation model is constructed based on the human body motion model and appearance model to measure the similarities between the human body state sequence in the historical frame and the human body observation result in the current frame,and the cost matrix is then obtained.Thirdly,the Hungarian maximum matching algorithm is employed to match each human body in the current and historical frames,and the exception detection mechanism is simultaneously constructed to further reduce the probability of human tracking and matching failure.Finally,a multi-person vision tracking verification platform was constructed,and the achieved average accuracy was 96.6%in the case of human body overlapping,occlusion,disappearance,and appearance;this verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.