The Ecological Landscape with the Integration of Humanistic Culture and Nature Environment —A Case Study of Landscape Transformation in Baoyan Eco-Tourism Garden of Changshu City

Based on the landscape ecology theory,this paper analyzed the ecology concept and the existing misconceptions of landscape design from the perspective of ecology.The misconceptions included the excessive using of ecological concepts,undue emphasis on the natural features of ecology,and endowing landscape with human cultural blindly.Taking Baoyan eco-tourism garden landscape renovation as an example,this study analyzed the superior natural conditions of this garden,the negative status in the current development process which included the conservative development and construction,singleness of entertainment,cultural educational and the other activities,disorder of landscape structure,lack of cultural landscape,weakness of landscape features and the unremarkable competitive advantages.To construct an ecological landscape with integration of humanistic and nature features,this paper proposed "ecological gardens" as the theme,following the design concept which made full integration of creating cultural landscape with the improvement and protection of natural ecological environment.Finally,the author elaborated such kind of ecological landscape from the following 4 aspects,including the integration,protection,restoration,and creation of landscape.

Evaluation on Tourism Ecological Security in Nature Heritage Sites——Case of Kanas Nature Reserve of Xinjiang,China

The nature heritages are the precious legacy of nature with outstanding scientific and aesthetic value. They are quite different from other common ecotourism areas, because of its original and unique system, sensitive and vulnerable landscape, and peripheral cultural features. Therefore, the tourism development in the nature heritage sites should be on the premise of ecological security. The evaluation index system of tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites was constructed in this article by AHP and Delphi methods, including nature ecological security, landscape visual security and local culture ecological security, and the security thresholds of indices were also established. In the indices' weights of the evaluation model, the nature ecological security ranked the highest, followed by tourist landscape visual security and culture ecological security, which reflected the influence degree of the limited factor to tourism ecological security. Then, this paper carried out an empirical study of Kanas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, which has the potential to be the World Nature Heritage. On the basis of the data attained from survey and observation on the spot, as well as questionnaire answered by tourists and local communities, the ecological security status in Kanas was evaluated. The result showed that the status of Kanas tourism ecological security was better, but there had some limiting factors. Lastly, effective measures were put forward to ensure its ecological security.

Reflections on Ecological Landscapes in the Post-epidemic Era

After the Industrial Revolution,with the deterioration of the environment,the ecological thought based on the harmonious coexistence of man and nature came into being.Due to the outbreak of COVID-19,people are beginning to re-examine the relationship between man and nature,and ecological landscapes are gaining attention again.Through the overview of ecological landscapes,this paper analyzed the design ideas and design principles of ecological landscapes,sorted out the main ecological landscape architects and their thoughts at home and abroad,and put forward ecological thinking on landscape design under the background of COVID-19.

About the Nature of Ecological Ethics Debates and the Relationship between Human and Nature

There are natural ethical debates in ecological ethics, namely whether nature has intrinsic value, whether the nature has its rights. Theoretical basis of argument is the opposite of anthropocentrism and non- anthropocentrism. Ecological ethics controversy concerns the core issue of the relationship between human and nature of the ecological ethics about nature, to correctly understand and deal with the relationship between mankind and nature, ecological ethics and ecological ethics is the starting point and destination debates.

Discussion on Action and Potential of Fenlong Megascience in the Symbiosis between Human and Nature

The fourth new farming model Fenlong is identified as megascience for the first time. Fenlong can be directly applied to farming of farmland, remoulding of mortar black soil and saline alkali land and development of degraded grassland. Deep loosening can create huge soil reservoirs, reduce fertilization, promote indi- rectly the improvement of river water fisheries and water sources and the upgrading of shaping and hydropower industry, thus making a new round of mobilization and pooling of natural resources. As a result, the nature is able to produce good food needed by human, the spatial dimension of the land is increased, the natural pre- cipitation storage is increased, the flood and drought disasters are reduced, the eco-environment is improved, and the economic benefits are increased. Fenlong is not restricted to global application by ecological region and crop variety and is not subject to the time-space constraints for a hundred thousand years. On the basis of utilizing the heaven and earth resources, it brings about a huge effect of mega- science. Compare with traditional farming, the depth under the mode of Fenlong is increased by 2-3 times, the contents of nutrient, water, oxygen and microorganism in the soil are increased by 10%-200%, the content of pale salt is increased by 20%-40%, the temperature is increased by 2-4 ~C, and the photosynthetic efficiency of crops is improved by 10%. Under the cultivation mode of Fenlong, the yield of crop applied with no fertilizers is increased by more than 10%, crop yield is still in- creased by more than 5% when the application amount of chemical fertilizer is re- duced by 10%-20%. Under the farming mode of Fenlong combined with no in- crease in fertilization, the crop yield, crop quality, farming efficiency, natural precipi- tation storage and air humidity are increased by 10%-50%, 5%, 15%, 100% and 5%, respectively, and the emissions of methane and other gases are reduced by more than 5%. Even in mortar black soil, saline alkali land and degraded grassland, the yield is still increased by 15%-50%. These improvement effects can last for many years, helping achieve the real harmonious coexistence between human and nature.

Discussion on Planning and Construction of Villages and Towns in Nature Reserve——A Case Study of Weitun Town of Hengshui City in China

The development of nature reserve was closely related with that of villages and towns at its surrounding area.It was the core issue to be discussed in the paper as to how to form mutually beneficial relation between them and achieve both protection of nature reserve and economic development of villages and towns.Through analysis on internal relation between nature reserve and villages and towns,it put forward three methods for planning and construction of villages and towns around the nature reserve.By taking Hengshui Lake National Nature Reserve in Weitun Town for example,it hoped to serve as a modest spur to induce exchange and discussion in the field.

Study on the Epistemology Development of the Correlation between Human Beings and Nature

This study aimed to alert people that the harmony between human beings and nature has already become an urgent problem. All people are responsible for maintaining the harmony, which is the also the inexorable trend of historical development. Reviewing the evolution history of human kind, the relationship between human beings and nature from harmony to imbalance, from imbalance to a new harmony was analyzed from the macro perspective, and it was pointed out that the present society is in the transitional phase from imbalance to a new harmony and also a phase that people are consciously coordinating their relationship with nature. It was found through the study that a harmonious society relies on the harmony between human beings and nature, and the latter is a necessary condition for a real harmonious society, however, people always forget such a principle. The imbalanced relationship between human beings and nature has seriously influenced many aspects of social harmony, and become instable factors in China and international society, even threatened the development and survival of human beings. Thus, all people should make joint efforts in creating win-win conditions for the development between human beings and nature, and ensuring offspring a healthy and green earth.

Research Progress on the Theory of Delineation and Zoning of Nature Reserves in China and Discussion of Strategies

The construction of nature reserves plays an essential role in protecting natural resources and the ecological environment,especially the conservation of rare and endangered species,which also has a vital function in maintaining the ecological security of the national territory.China has built up a comprehensive network of nature reserves after waves of development,but there are still many problems with the management of nature reserves,such as the definition of boundaries,zoning theory,zoning methods,and legal protection.The definition of boundaries is a tool for effective management of nature reserves,but achieving scientific and effective boundary definition is a difficult problem for the construction and management of reserves.It is also a problem that must be solved to achieve sustainable development.This paper compared three fundamental theories of the conservation of species in nature reserves,namely island biogeography,metapopulation,and landscape ecology,from connotations,applications and advantages,and disadvantages,and discussed the progress of theoretical research to provide valuable references for the definition and planning of effective boundaries of nature reserves.

The Thought of the Oneness Between Man and Nature in Walden

From the view of the ecological theory, this paper tries to analyze that Thoreau uses Chinese traditional philosophical thought--- the oneness of man and nature to deal with the relationship of human beings and the nature in Walden.

Let Nature Do the Work: Effective Strategies for theRestoration of Drastically Disturbed Sites

Natural systems have been“restoring”disturbed sites(landslides,volcanic eruptions,shoreline erosion,etc.)for millions of years.By understanding how these natural systems operate they can be applied to sites humans disturb(mines,industrial developments,etc.).Natural systems initiate recovery using pioneering species such as willows(Salix spp.),balsam poplar(Populus balsamifera L.)or alder(Alnus spp.).The seeds of these species are designed to travel long distances and use commonly occurring conditions to get established.Balsam poplar and willows have light fluffy seeds that at some times of the year look like snow.They land on puddles or other waterbodies and are blown to the wet mud at the edges of the puddle or on the shore of the waterbody where they germinate and grow.By creating these conditions(making puddles)on a mine site these species can be encouraged to establish on sites that are being reclaimed.The cost of these treatments is a fraction of traditional reclamation costs and because the resulting vegetation is appropriate to the area and the site where it establishes,natural processes can provide effective strategies for the reclamation of mining disturbances.Examples are drawn from the author’s experience.

LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTION AND BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION

In the 21st century, landscape ecology should be able to design the environmental construction. The landscape ecological construction is to protect biological diversity positively, which follows the theories such as adapting to nature, mutualism and symbiosis, adjusting structure and improving function, controlling parts and adjusting the whole, and other theories of landscape ecology. This paper took humid temperate zones, landscape ecozones etc. as examples to express how to use these theories to carry out landscape ecological construction. The author put forth three points of land ecological construction: protection of rare and endangered organisms; restoration and reconstruction of important ecosystems; protection of community diversity of plant.

Research on Ecological Space Planning Oriented Urban River Landscape Planning

Based on the generalized landscape perspective, regional connotation of urban river landscape is expanded. The area connotation of urban river landscape is expanded based on the generalized landscape perspective. In addition to natural and functional attributes, river landscape should be regarded as a regional space element based on heterogeneous space scale. First, as for research method system, the space research models(including ecological footprint, space planning, and landscape pattern index, etc.) coupled with different angle scales and interdisciplinary theory, are utilized to study different correlations and results formed by urban river landscape elements and other regional space elements from the perspective of the regional ecological space, and the overall development goal of the urban river landscape pattern based on the goals of the regional ecological space planning is obtained. Second, the oriented urban river landscape planning and the "M" type close-tonature design strategy are evaluated through the city function zoning orientation and micro-scale urban river landscape pattern index. The research realizes the compatibility of overall goals in terms of the regional ecology, the development of urban functional areas, and the river landscape planning, without losing micro difference and maneuverability based on the urban river landscape planning and design oriented strategy, which innovates the new approach of urban river landscape planning and design with sustainable and balanced development of regional resources, multi-scale, and multiple objectives.

A landscape persistence-based methodological framework for assessing ecological stability

Ecological stability is a critical factor in global sustainable development,yet its significance has been overlooked.Here we introduce a landscape-oriented framework to evaluate ecological stability in the Qingzang Plateau(QP).Our findings reveal a medium-high stability level in the QP,with minimal changes over recent years.The driving factors vary across landscape types,with climate and anthropogenic factors emerging as crucial determinants.While anthropogenic factors are strong but unstable due to policy changes and economic development,climatic factors exert a consistent influence.Based on our results,we propose site-specific ecological conservation and restoration measures.The ecological stability assessment framework provides a practical tool to understand the link between environmental conditions and ecosystems.

论露天矿区近自然生态修复

露天矿区生态修复面临着重建生态系统自维持力低、维持成本高,尤其是修复后“采矿痕迹”明显等问题,亟待协调好人工修复与自然恢复的关系,升级发展传统生态修复模式,促进露天矿区人与自然和谐共生。在长期的理论方法研究和应用实践经验总结基础上,①提出了露天矿区近自然生态修复的必要性及其理论内涵与技术框架。近自然矿山生态修复是参照本地自然地貌、水文、土壤、植被、景观及其演变规律,使修复后的矿业斑块达到与周边自然生态系统近似的结构与功能状态,并与周边自然地貌、水系、景观相融合的修复模式,是对传统生态修复模式的升级,逼近“采矿无痕”是其追求的理想状态。②近自然生态修复是露天矿生态化设计的重要构成,其技术环节主要包括,参照生态系统学习、近自然地貌重塑、水文衔接与调控、矿山活土层重构、植被重建与多样性重组等。参照生态系统学习为后续各个修复环节提供修复目标与参数。近自然地貌重塑是近自然生态修复的核心与基础,包括内排土场全生命周期近自然地貌重塑、外排土场近自然地貌重塑、邻近自然问题地貌协同重塑等。水文衔接与调控要解决河道沟道的优化布局、矿区上下游水系的衔接、以蓄代排径流调控等。矿山活土层重构包括矿山土物理结构重组、微生物和养分循环过程重构等内容;植被重建与多样性重组包括近自然的植物群落与多样性配置,以及近自然的植株空间布局等。③实践分析表明,露天矿近自然生态修复有助于减少土壤侵蚀,提高地貌稳定性,增强重建生态系统的自维持能力,有利于实现露天矿区“采矿无痕”,促进人与自然和谐共生。

人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化:科学内涵、战略要求与实现路径

以习近平同志为代表的当代中国共产党人战略性、创造性、前瞻性地提出了人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化重大命题,对于全面推进中国式现代化建设具有重要的战略意义和现实的指导作用。建设人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化,必须深入认识其本质内涵,科学掌握其发展规律,精准切入其实践路径,站在人与自然和谐共生的时代高度和中国式现代化建设的全局,科学谋划、综合施策、系统推进,加快建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化,打造人与自然和谐共生的美丽中国和清洁美丽世界,不断创新人类文明新形态。人与自然和谐共生,既是中国式现代化的特征,又是其要求;既是中国式现代化的前提条件,也是衡量中国式现代化成功的准则和标志;既是中国道路的有机内容,又是中国治理的重要视点。因此,无论是从中国式现代化发展与中国特色社会主义事业的角度,还是从中国道路与中国治理的视角,抑或是从中国与世界、中国与人类命运共同体的切入点来看,推进人与自然和谐共生的中国式现代化都具有重大意义和深远影响。

生态经济地理:一个有利于自然地理和人文地理融合的构想

回应当前学界关于自然地理与人文地理能否走向融合的讨论,文章构建了一个有利于自然地理与人文地理融合的生态经济地理分析框架,提出关注“人”作为本身级联产业、技术、制度系统复杂关联的地域巨系统的能动性变化,及其与生态系统之间的双向反馈关系,通过探讨环境变化和技术变革背景下人地系统耦合机制和调控途径,在综合权衡中寻找人类可持续发展的最佳答案。选用“桑-基鱼塘生态经济系统百年演变”“数据中心的‘数-能-水’系统级联”“生态修复规划的人文视角”3个案例来阐明生态经济地理的研究视角与思路。最后,围绕“格局―过程―关联―路径”的分析框架,提出了生态经济地理需重点关注的4个研究议题:生态系统与经济系统各要素耦合格局、不同系统间要素流动过程及影响、生态经济耦合系统的区域复杂关联、生态经济的可持续发展路径。以期以上述议题为牵引,加强自然与人文学者之间的相互协作,促进地理学科的融合发展,提升地理学解决综合性问题的能力。

人与自然和谐共生现代化的内涵演进及甘肃实践

党的二十大报告指出,中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化。这是新时代中国特色社会主义建设的根本任务之一,为美丽中国建设之甘肃篇章指明了新的奋斗方向和前进道路。首先,对人与自然和谐共生现代化这一科学论断产生的现实根基、重要意义及其内涵层次与演进关系进行了系统剖析,辨析了其产生的背景和内在逻辑;其次,结合新时代甘肃在环境污染治理、自然保护区恢复等“人—地”和谐关系构建及发展方面的实践例证分析,表明了探索生态保护与经济发展互促共进是一条完全可行的科学发展之路、双赢之路,且其成效显著;最后,紧扣甘肃脆弱生态环境的天然禀赋和社会发展中的主要矛盾,为构建更高质量的人与自然和谐共生现代化建设蓝图,提出了与时俱进的发展路径对策。

一咏三叹,由景至境——《诗经·国风》中自然景观展现特征及先民审美模式研究

《诗经》是我国诗歌史上举足轻重的存在,《国风》正是《诗经》的精华。在《国风》诗中,大量的诗歌涉及到了自然景观,而对于《诗经》的研究大多集中在文史哲领域,立足于风景园林学的相关研究较为匮乏,作为描写风景的最早诗篇尚未被研究颇为遗憾。因此将其作为研究重点,首先对《国风》中的自然景观要素进行提取、分类,分析其特点,得出其层次性和分时性的展现规律,以此为基础总结出先民既存型、演化型和类比型三种审美模式,即对中国人原生情感中的自然景观的感知方式和审美模式的溯源。寻找中国人对自然景观情感的原始表达,以及遗传意义,以期为现今的风景遗产保护与景观设计提供参考与启示。

论陈彦小说自然观念之变及其意义

以文学地理论,陈彦数部长篇小说中所敞开的世界,均可归入广义的“秦岭叙述”一并讨论。但作为深具地理、文化和精神意涵的“秦岭”,在不同作品中意义的重心并不相同。《西京故事》中罗天福一家所居之“塔云山”,远离城市,风景优美,且秉有重要的精神意涵,却是主人公可以远望却难以生活于其间的所在。《装台》中叙述之“镇安”乡村之于韩梅的意义亦是如此。其间城乡二元对立的思维颇为鲜明。《主角》视野更为阔大,从宁州到省秦,不独地理空间扩大,秦岭作为人物精神参照的意义更加丰富,也更具文化和精神意涵。至新作《星空与半棵树》,“人事”与“自然”交互影响所敞开之全新可能,已然打破了城乡二元结构思维的窠臼,包含着新时代乡村社会主义实践的重要内容。从“内在于人间世”到“内在于天地自然”,陈彦自然观念之变,乃是极为复杂的时代和现实议题的重要表征,远非文学观念的调适所能概括。

“生命共同体”要素构成视角下马克思生态观点的中国化发展

习近平总书记于党的二十大报告中提出“人与自然是生命共同体”,将人与自然关系在新时代中定位为“生命共同体”。“生命共同体”概念由人、自然、社会等多元要素辩证结合而成,作为一个兼具过去性、现实性和未来性的辩证整体,不仅继承了马克思讨论人与自然关系的底层要素与逻辑,还结合我国生态文明实践、中华优秀传统文化实现了对马克思主义生态观点的中国化发展,是习近平生态文明思想的重要组成部分。故对于“生命共同体”的研究,不仅要从整体层次考虑人与自然的演化与和合,同样也要基于其底层构成逻辑对“共同体”的个体要素追根溯源,思考“生命共同体”中各个部分的演进与当代发展,明确马克思主义关于人和自然观点在当今中国生态实践中的创新性、时代性发展,进而阐述好、建设好有中国特色、中国担当的生态理论。