Pioneering a New Realm of Human Rights Civilization in the Chinese Path to Modernization——An Overview of the Symposium on“The Chinese Path to Modernization and the Promotion of Free and Comprehensive Human Development”

On October 14,2023,a symposium themed“The Chinese Path to Modernization and the Promotion of Free and Comprehensive Human Development”was held in Changchun,Jilin Province,China.More than fifty experts,scholars,and researchers from national institutions and universities engaged in discussions and exchanges on human rights on the Chinese path to modernization,including the path,practice,knowledge systems,and civilization forms of human rights.This symposium played a significant role in advancing the construction of the disciplinary system,academic system,and discourse system of human rights in China.

Viewing Chinese modernization and Its Requirements for Human Rights Protection from the Perspective of Human Development

Modernization,as a specific stage in the historical development of human society,possesses a multi-layered composite structure,with each layer playing both a promoting and inhibiting role in human development and dignity simultaneously.Chinese modernization is a strategic choice made based on lessons learned from various experiences of modernization processes in other countries,reflecting judgments on the benefits and choices on the values of human development and dignity in modernization.It values the promotion of the free and well-rounded development of all individuals as its standard,demanding the full realization of the positive effects of modernization on human development and the overcoming of its negative effects.Human rights,aiming to promote the free and well-rounded development of every person as the ultimate value goal,are not only an intrinsic structural element of the modernization stage but also a social normative tool that restrains the direction of modernization development,aligning closely with the values pursued by Chinese modernization.Chinese modernization poses dual requirements for human rights protection:on the one hand,it demands the affirmation and promotion of the positive effects of modernization on human development and dignity through human rights standards,and on the other hand,it requires the prevention and mitigation of the negative effects of modernization on human development and dignity through human rights standards.There exists a certain tension between these two dimensions,necessitating an appropriate balance and thereby presenting corresponding requirements for China’s approach to human rights protection.

One-step cell biomanufacturing platform:porous gelatin microcarrier beads promote human embryonic stem cell-derived midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cell differentiation in vitro and survival after transplantation in vivo

Numerous studies have shown that cell replacement therapy can replenish lost cells and rebuild neural circuitry in animal models of Parkinson’s disease.Transplantation of midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cells is a promising treatment for Parkinson’s disease.However,transplanted cells can be injured by mechanical damage during handling and by changes in the transplantation niche.Here,we developed a one-step biomanufacturing platform that uses small-aperture gelatin microcarriers to produce beads carrying midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cells.These beads allow midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cell differentiation and cryopreservation without digestion,effectively maintaining axonal integrity in vitro.Importantly,midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cell bead grafts showed increased survival and only mild immunoreactivity in vivo compared with suspended midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cell grafts.Overall,our findings show that these midbrain dopaminergic progenitor cell beads enhance the effectiveness of neuronal cell transplantation.

The Historical Position and Value Dimensions of Human Rights Civilization

Human beings are the mainstay and the ultimate goal of civilization.The history of human civilization is a continuous struggle to realize the respect,liberation,protection,and development of humanity.Human rights are an achievement of humanity and a symbol of progress,and the human rights civilization is an important component of human civilization.Understanding and interpreting human rights from the perspective of human rights civilization means that human rights are not only a concept or an idea but also a grand historical and long-term social practice.Up to now,the development of human rights civilization has roughly experienced four awakening eras:initialization,revolution,popularization,and globalization.In terms of its value dimensions,it has the characteristics of progressiveness,diversity,commonality,inclusiveness,indivisibility,openness,and so on.The historical position of human rights civilization and the development of its value dimensions have shown to the world that human rights are the common wealth of humanity,and human rights belong to all mankind;human rights are historical,concrete,and developmental;the concept of human rights is constantly evolving,and its connotations and categories are constantly expanding;achieving the free and well-rounded development of every person is the highest value realm of human rights civilization.The Chinese modernization endows Chinese civilization with modern strength and opens up new horizons for human rights civilization.The new pattern of human rights civilization to be created by Chinese modernization not only possesses the common characteristics of human rights civilization but also enjoys Chinese characteristics based on its own national conditions,enriching and developing the diversity of human rights civilization for all mankind.

Human Rights and Development:China's Contributions Based on a Larger Concept of Human Rights

The Western liberal view of global governance can no longer effectively address the challenges facing the world today or respond to the demands of developing countries in the fields of human rights and development.Meanwhile,the United Nations human rights and development agenda also has its limitations.Against such a backdrop,China's path of human rights development has avoided the trap of human rights confrontation and the clash of civilizations.It has set an example of complementarity and positive interaction between human rights and development by unifying collective human rights with individual human rights and integrating the universality and particularity of human rights.Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,delivered a speech at the 37th group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on China's Path of Human Rights Development.This elevated China's human rights development to a new historical height.Practice has proved that China's concept and path of human rights in the new era have not only effectively promoted the development of its human rights cause,but also contributed Chinese wisdom to the global cause of human rights and development with a larger concept of human rights.Under the framework of the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind,the Belt and Road Initiative,and the Global Development Initiative,China has contributed to enhancing the discourse power of developing countries in human rights and building a fairer,more just,more reasonable and more inclusive system for global human rights governance.

A Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings in the Vision of Modernization of Global Governance: China's Expression and Practice

The human rights cause in the world still faces structural challenges and crises, the factor of which including scarcity of living material resources, global environmental crisis and global terrorism. However, the existing global governance model and governance pattern have made it difficult to deal effectively with the above structural challenges and crises facing the development of human rights in the world. Therefore, it’s necessary to advance and modernize global governance. In order to realize these ends, the Chinese government presents the ideal of a Community with a Shared Future for Human Beings as the modernization of global governance and the Belt and Road Initiative as the proper project for this process of modernization. It calls on all countries to work hand in hand and work together to build a community with a shared future for mankind so as to realize the modernization of global governance and hence the comprehensive development of human beings.

On the Relationship Between Human Rights Protection and the Modernization of State Governance

The protection of human rights inherently related to modern state-governance. On the one hand, human rights protection is the foundation and criteria for modern state-governance, characterized by democracy, rule of law and civility, with human rights as a cross-cutting theme in all these elements. On the other hand, human rights protection provides conditions and motives for modernizing state governance. Human rights are pursued as a fundamental value in modern state-governance. Human rights protection is also a driving force for good governance and a touchstone for the modernity of governance.

Human Rights Protection in the Modernization of China's State Governance

In China, the development of human rights is an inherent part of good governance, as reflected in the following: Firstly, people are able to participate in social and public administration through exercising their 'democratic rights' under the constitution. Secondly, citizens' fundamental human rights and other civil rights are protected by law. Thirdly, people's rights to know and to express are expanding. Fourthly, the Chinese government is responsive to people's demands, ready to accept their supervision, and is doing its best to improve their living standard. To modernize governance, China must adhere to human rights principles by guaranteeing people's rights to participation, to information and to supervision, and by protecting the fundamental rights of the disadvantaged.

The Justification Logic of Human Rights in Chinese Modernization

As the fruits and symbols of human civilization, human rights are pursued by people all over the world. Respecting and protecting human rights is the basic spirit of modern civilization, so it is something inherent in the concept of modernization. Chinese modernization is socialist modernization pursued under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. It contains elements common to the modernization processes of all countries, but it is more characterized by features unique to the Chinese context. It is a new path to modernization and creates a new model for human advancement. on the road to promoting Chinese modernization, China cultivated innovative human rights jurisprudence, constructed an optimized human rights system, opened up a developmental human rights approach, established a harmonious human rights relationship, and continuously promoted the well-rounded development of the people. China created a theoretical,institutional, and practical paradigm for respecting and protecting human rights that follows the principle of universal human rights and suits the local conditions, opening up a new realm of human rights civilization of mankind. The successful promotion and expansion of Chinese modernization have justified that China has found a path of human rights development that conforms to the trend of the times and suits its national conditions. The modernization of more than 1.4 billion Chinese people, a number larger than the total population of all developed countries in the world today, and the new path of human rights development will change the basic pattern of human rights development in the world and profoundly influence the process and trend of human rights civilization of mankind.

Boost the Modernization of Human Rights Protection Systems and Endeavor to Fulfill the Chinese Dream——An Address at the Opening Ceremony of the 7th Beijing Forum on Human Rights, Sept. 17, 2014

This session of the Forum has the theme, “The Chinese Dream： New Progress in the Cause of Human Rights in China.” This theme concentrates on such important subtopics as “The Chinese Dream and Human Rights” ,

Rebuilding insight into the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease through new blood-brain barrier models

The blood-brain barrier is a unique function of the microvasculature in the brain parenchyma that maintains homeostasis in the central nervous system.Blood-brain barrier breakdown is a common pathology in various neurological diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,stroke,multiple sclerosis,and Parkinson’s disease.Traditionally,it has been considered a consequence of neuroinflammation or neurodegeneration,but recent advanced imaging techniques and detailed studies in animal models show that blood-brain barrier breakdown occurs early in the disease process and may precede neuronal loss.Thus,the blood-brain barrier is attractive as a potential therapeutic target for neurological diseases that lack effective therapeutics.To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying blood-brain barrier breakdown and translate them into therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases,there is a growing demand for experimental models of human origin that allow for functional assessments.Recently,several human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have been established and various in vitro blood-brain barrier models using microdevices have been proposed.Especially in the Alzheimer’s disease field,the human evidence for blood-brain barrier dysfunction has been demonstrated and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier models have suggested the putative molecular mechanisms of pathological blood-brain barrier.In this review,we summarize recent evidence of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease from pathological analyses,imaging studies,animal models,and stem cell sources.Additionally,we discuss the potential future directions for blood-brain barrier research.

Contamination and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in topsoil and groundwater around mining and dressing factories in Chifeng,North China

Chifeng is a concentrated mining area for non-ferrous metal minerals,as well as a key prevention and control area for heavyduty enterprises.This situation necessitates an efective ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s driven by the wide distribution of metal ore processing,mining,and smelting factories in Hexigten Banner and Bairin Left Banner.We conducted surveys to assess the levels of heavy metal(loid)s(Cr,As,Pb,Cd,and Hg)in the topsoil and groundwater of the areas.The results indicated that the concentrations of As,Cd,and Pb in partial soil samples exceeded the environmental quality standards of Grade II.Based on contamination assessments,such as geoaccumulation indices and pollution indices,we inferred that Cd,Pb,and As were primary pollutants in topsoil.Potential ecological risks when considered as part of the average risk indices(RI)are up to 1626.40 and 2818.76,respectively,in the two areas.Comparative analysis revealed that Cd posed a very high potential ecological risk,followed by As.Moreover,the evaluation showed that the three exposure pathways of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk followed a descending order:inhalation>ingestion>dermal contact,except for Pb.Arsenic in topsoil posed a potential non-carcinogenic risk to human health,while there were no adverse efects of As in groundwater.In addition,the average total carcinogenic risk for As in the two areas,as well as the risk of Pb in the topsoil of Bairin Left Banner and all the fve heavy metal(loid)s in groundwater,exceeded human tolerance.Pb–Zn mines caused higher human health risks.In addition,the tandem contamination of heavy metal(loid)s in soil and groundwater was not obvious.This research study provides a basis for pollution remediation to control heavy industry-induced ecological and health risks of heavy metal(loid)s.

Constructing China’s Human Rights Science:Cause,Cognition,and Paradigm

“China’s Human Rights Science”is undoubtedly a brand-new concept.Just as China has its own philosophy,literature,history,law,political science,and sociology,it should also have its own human rights science.China’s Human Rights Science refers to the cognitive science of human rights in China.Developing its disciplinary system,academic system,and discourse system,and constructing an independent Chinese human rights knowledge system,are essential requirements for promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization and creating a new form of human civilization.China’s Human Rights Science originated in China,grew in China,and deepened through China’s human rights practices.China’s Human Rights Science adhere to the universality of human rights principles and possess distinctive characteristics.It works as the knowledge-based organization,academic refinement,and theoretical expression of the path of human rights development that conforms to the trend of the times and suits China’s national conditions,as pursued by the Communist Party of China in leading the people.China’s Human Rights Science can enrich and develop the theory of human rights civilization,and should become a global public product of human rights.

Path Breakthrough of Medical Humanities Education From the Perspective of“All-Staff,Whole-Process,and All-Round Education”

Medical education is an important cornerstone for the development of healthcare,and medical humanities education,as an integral part of medical education,plays an irreplaceable role in cultivating people’s health guardians with high medical ethics.We adopted the method of stratified random sampling to select 309 students and 107 faculty members from three independent medical colleges in Sichuan province as the research subjects and distributed questionnaire surveys investigating in three dimensions:overall cognition of medical humanities,evaluation of medical humanistic qualities,and the current situation of medical humanities education,supplemented by an in-depth literature review and interviews with subject matter experts.We found that“tech-centrism”still has a great influence,the self-evaluation of medical students’humanistic quality is generally not high,the educational concept of“emphasizing professional skills over morality”of faculty and staff is still quite prevalent,and there is still the“last mile”phenomenon in medical humanities education.In order to promote the integrated development of“new medicine”and“new liberal arts”and break the barriers of“tech-centrism”and“instrumental rationality,”it is necessary to change the educational concept and strengthen the education of all employees,break through the bottleneck of internships and strengthen the whole process of education,integrate educational resources and strengthen all-round education,improve the incentive mechanisms,strengthen the assessment methods,and provide Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions for the development of medical humanities education.

Crohn’s disease in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient:A case report

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is an autoimmune condition treated with immunosuppressive drugs.However,the need for immune system suppression becomes questionable when infection with the human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)occurs simultaneously and impacts the course of IBD.Our reported case represents the clinical course,prescribed treatment and its effect,as well as clinical challenges faced by physicians in a combination of such diseases.We also present a comprehensive literature review of similar cases.CASE SUMMARY A 49-year-old woman suffering from a newly diagnosed Crohn’s disease was hospitalized due to exacerbated symptoms(abdominal pain,fever,and weight loss).During her hospital stay,she tested positive for HIV.With conservative treatment,the patient improved and was discharged.In the outpatient clinic,her HIV infection was confirmed as stage C3,and antiretroviral treatment was initiated immediately.That notwithstanding,soon the patient was rehospitalized with pulmonary embolism and developed a series of complications because of the subsequent coexistence of IBD and HIV.After intensive and meticulous treatment,the patient’s condition has improved and she remains in remission.CONCLUSION The paucity of studies and data on the coexistence of HIV and IBD leaves clinicians doubting the optimal treatment options.

Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells on GRP78/ATF4 Pathway in Alzheimer s Disease Model Mice

[Objectives]To study the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUC-MSCs)on GRP78/ATF4 pathway in APP/PS1 mice.[Methods]Twelve 6-month-old female APP/PS1 mice were randomly divided into model group(MOD,n=6)and human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell treatment group(MSC,n=6);six 6-month-old C57BL/6N mice were used as control group(CON,n=6).The mice in each group were treated with the fourth generation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells through tail vein.Four weeks later,the mice in each group were killed.The expression of GFP78 and ATF4 in the cortex of mice in each group was detected by Western blotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.[Results]The results of immunoblotting and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the expression of GRP78 in MOD group was lower than that in CON group and the expression of ATF4 increased.The expression of GRP78 protein in MSC group was higher than that in MOD group,but the expression of ATF4 protein was lower.The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR showed that the mRNA level of GRP78 decreased and the mRNA level of ATF4 increased in MOD group compared with CON group.The mRNA level of GRP78 in MSC group was higher than that in MOD group,while the mRNA level of ATF4 in MSC group was lower than that in MOD group.[Conclusions]Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can regulate the expression of GRP78/ATF4 pathway in APP/PSI mice,which may be related to the stress level of endoplasmic reticulum in the brain of APP/PS1 mice mediated by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.

人与自然和谐共生研究热点与前沿分析——基于CiteSpace软件的可视化研究

党的二十大报告深刻阐释了中国式现代化的科学内涵、中国特色和本质要求,其中特别强调了“中国式现代化是人与自然和谐共生的现代化”。近年来,以人与自然和谐共生为主题的研究在学术界呈现出暴涨之势,但目前尚缺乏对该研究领域热点、演变历程和趋势等内容的系统性探讨和可视化分析。论文运用文献计量分析软件CiteSpace,从知网、万方和维普三大中文数据库中,选取近十年以人与自然和谐共生为研究主题的4197篇文献进行可视化分析。结果表明:(1)人与自然和谐共生的研究历经了三个阶段,研究积极响应国家颁布的系列相关政策。(2)少数核心作者长期从事相关领域研究,且相互之间的合作不多;研究机构主要集中在高校,但彼此之间合作较少。(3)热点领域可分为人与自然和谐共生的价值意蕴、生态宜居赋能高质量发展、美丽中国路径等。(4)研究趋势从探讨理论渊源、历史逻辑和实践应用,向围绕“顺应自然”的理念遵循和“生态治理”的实施效率转变,体现了向科学性、针对性、可行性发展的趋势。最后,从学科转化需求以及“人”的心理困境等方面对未来的研究方向和重点加以探讨,以期为后续深入研究提供参考。

The Core of the Chinese Democracy Is to Respect and Protect Human Rights——A Summary of the Academic Seminar on Chinese Democracy and Human Rights Protection

On March 26,2023,a Seminar on Chinese Democracy and Human Rights Protection was held,jointly organized by the National Human Rights Education and Training Base and the Human Rights Research Center of Central South University under the guidance of the Chinese Society for Human Rights Studies.The event adopted a combination of online and offline channels.Over 30 experts and scholars from universities,research institutions,and practical departments across the country participated in extensive discussions on“Theoretical and Practical Aspects of Chinese Democracy and Protection of Human Rights.”The seminar aimed to focused on the essence,characteristics,advantages,and human rights implications of Chinese democracy and interpreted the concept of Chinese democracy and the protection of human rights through academic and theoretical methods.

Human Rights in China:Exploration and Development of Whole-process People’s Democracy

Whole-process people’s democracy represents a new exploration of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era as well as a novel and important method for protecting the human rights of the Chinese people.It is conducive to solving a multitude of problems hindering the protection of civil rights and political rights.The greatest highlight of whole-process people’s democracy is that the people are the masters of their own country and exercise the power to govern the state through“extensive participation and consultation.”China’s experience and approaches in advancing whole-process people’s democracy provide a reference for other countries.

Exploring the role of N-acetyltransferases in diseases:a focus on N-acetyltransferase 9 in neurodegeneration

Acetyltransferases,required to transfer an acetyl group on protein are highly conserved proteins that play a crucial role in development and disease.Protein acetylation is a common post-translational modification pivotal to basic cellular processes.Close to 80%-90%of proteins are acetylated during translation,which is an irreversible process that affects protein structure,function,life,and localization.In this review,we have discussed the various N-acetyltransferases present in humans,their function,and how they might play a role in diseases.Furthermore,we have focused on N-acetyltransferase 9 and its role in microtubule stability.We have shed light on how N-acetyltransferase 9 and acetylation of proteins can potentially play a role in neurodegenerative diseases.We have specifically discussed the N-acetyltransferase 9-acetylation independent function and regulation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling and microtubule stability during development and neurodegeneration.