A comparative study on the levels of serum cytokines and cortisol among post-traumatic stress disorder patients of Li and Han ethnicities in Hainan

Background Post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD） is a mental disorder with delayed or chronic onset caused by unusual,threatening,or disastrous psychological trauma,and it is an important manifestation of post-disaster mental and behavioral disorders.Studies have shown that IL-6 is a cytokine associated with PTSD occurrence.This study aimed to explore the role of cytokine and ethnicity in the pathogenesis of PTSD by examining levels of serum cytokines IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α,and cortisol in PTSD patients of Li and Han ethnic groups.Methods Levels of serum cytokines IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,TNF-α,and cortisol were examined by enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay （ELISA） method and assessed by PCL-C scale among 30 PTSD patients of Han ethnicity and 30 of Li ethnicity,and compared with 30 normal controls of Han and Li ethnicity,respectively.Results PTSD patients of Li ethnicity scored higher than PTSD patients of Han ethnicity,and normal controls of Li and Han ethnic groups in each of the re-experiencing,avoidance/numbing,and hyperarousal symptoms.The differences reached statistical significance （P 〈0.05）.In PTSD patients of Li ethnicity compared to patients of Han ethnicity and normal controls of either Li or Han ethnicity,the levels of IL-2,IL-6,IL-8,and TNF-α were higher,and the level of cortisol was lower.Conclusions There are ethnic differences in re-experiencing,avoidance/numbing,and hyperarousal symptoms among PTSD patients.The levels of serum cortisol and cytokines are strongly associated with the race.

Preliminary study of the urinary proteome in Li and Han ethnic individuals from Hainan

Biomarkers indicate changes associated with disease. Blood is relatively stable due to the homeostatic mechanisms of the body;however, urine accumulates metabolites from changes in the body, making it a better source for early biomarker discovery. The Li ethnic group is a unique minority ethnic group that has only lived on Hainan Island for approximately 5,000 years. Studies have shown that various specific genetic variations are different between the Li and Han ethnic groups. However, whether the urinary proteome between these two ethnic groups is significantly different remains unknown. In this study, differential urinary proteins were identified in the Li and Han ethnic groups using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS).In total, 1,555 urinary proteins were identified. Twenty-five of the urinary proteins were statistically significantly different, 16 of which have been previously reported to be biomarkers of many diseases, and that these significantly different proteins were caused by ethnic differences rather than random differences. Ethnic group differences may be an influencing factor in urine proteome studies and should be considered when human urine samples are used for biomarker discovery.

Comparative study of type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated gut microbiota between the Dai and Han populations

BACKGROUND The global prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is increasing.T2DM is associated with alterations of the gut microbiota,which can be affected by age,illness,and genetics.Previous studies revealed that there are discriminating microbiota compositions between the Dai and the Han populations.However,the specific gut microbiota differences between the two populations have not been elucidated.AIM To compare the gut microbiota differences in subjects with and without T2DM in the Dai and Han populations.METHODS A total of 35 subjects of the Han population(including 15 healthy children,8 adult healthy controls,and 12 adult T2DM patients)and 32 subjects of the Dai population(including 10 healthy children,10 adult healthy controls,and 12 adult T2DM patients)were enrolled in this study.Fasting venous blood samples were collected from all the subjects for biochemical analysis.Fecal samples were collected from all the subjects for DNA extraction and 16S rRNA sequencing,which was followed by analyses of the gut microbiota composition.RESULTS No significant difference in alpha diversity was observed between healthy children and adults.The diversity of gut microbiota was decreased in T2DM patients compared to the healthy adults in both the Dai and Han populations. There was a significant difference in gut microbiota between healthy children and healthy adults in the Hanpopulation with an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreased Firmicutes in children. However, thisdifference was less in the Dai population. Significant increases in Bacteroidetes in the Han population and Proteobacteriain the Dai population and decreases in Firmicutes in both the Han and Dai population were observed inT2DM patients compared to healthy adults. Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size analysis also showed that thegut microbiota was different between the Han and Dai populations in heathy children, adults, and T2DM patients.Four bacteria were consistently increased and two consistently decreased in the Han population compared to theDai population.CONCLUSION Differences in gut microbiota were found between the Han and Dai populations. A significant increase inBacteroidetes was related to the occurrence of T2DM in the Han population, while a significant increase in Proteobacteriawas related to the occurrence of T2DM in the Dai population.

Ethnic Image Records

Four decades are but the blink of an eye in human history,but for the various ethnic groups in China,the last 40 years have seen immense changes.Skyscrapers rose out of the once deserted riverbanks,and the monotonous skyline began to be decorated with streaks and streams of glowing neon in the night.Ethnic Image Records uses slices of life to reinvigorate the memory,and assemble village stories into history,thus recording a colorful history of reform and opening-up.

Beyond Morality:Han Fei’s Unconventional Insights Into Human Nature

Han Fei presented a thought-provoking perspective on human nature and its implications for governance.Departing from traditional moral doctrines,Han Fei’s“non-moralistic”philosophy posited that human nature is inherently self-interested and driven by personal gain.In this paper,we explore Han Fei’s keen insights into human nature and its practical application in political governance.His emphasis on aligning political strategies with human inclinations,rather than relying solely on moral preaching,highlights the complexity and pragmatism of his approach.However,we also examine the limitations of his philosophy,particularly in disregarding individual differences and idealism.By striking a balance between political expediency and moral considerations,Han Fei’s ideas continue to resonate with contemporary discussions on governance and human behavior.This study calls for a reflective and cautious assessment of the implications of Han Fei’s“non-moralistic”thought in today’s society.

The Right to Work of Chinese Ethnic Minorities:Replies to Concerns and Suggestions of the UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies

The UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies have repeatedly raised concerns about the Chinese government’s fulfillment of its obligations to safeguard the right to work of ethnic minorities, including the insufficiency of materials, the asymmetry of employment conditions between migrating Han and other ethnic groups, as well as so-called pervasive discrimination against non-Han ethnic workers. The UN Human Rights Treaty Bodies raised these concerns based on various facts and the rationality of their suggestions differ. China has replied accordingly. China should continue to reply based on the facts, and it should accept those suggestions that are reasonable and on facts.When addressing suggestions that are not based on facts, we should identify the nature of the problems and eliminate misunderstanding by clarifying the facts and encouraging friendly dialogue.

China's Innovation Research on International Communication of Human Rights Discourse on Ethnic Issues

The Western system of human rights discourse plays a leading role in the world.Western media have used the human rights discourse to attack China,especially on ethnic issues in China.The theory of transcultural political economy of communication is very inspiring to the innovation research on international communication of China's human rights discourse on ethnic issues.China's requires an innovation in the international communication of human rights discourse on ethnic issues so as to reconstruct the historical view of human rights discourse.In particular,the discourse resources of human rights protection in China should be explored from the social revolution in the 20 th century.Meanwhile,it is necessary to reconstruct the world discourse of human rights,that is,to construct the"human rights discourse of the Chinese nation,"and focus on human rights dialogue and cooperation with other civilizations and religious systems in the world.In particular,it is necessary to break through the"connection"or"integration"with the Western discourse,transcend the West-centered human rights discourse through competition and collision,reconstruct China's human rights discourse system,and improve the capability of international communication.

从体部指数值探讨中国族群体部特征的共性

目的探讨中国族群体部特征的共性。方法对中国62个族群的8项体部指数值进行分析。结果聚类分析发现,男性52个族群、女性59个族群聚入了北方族群为主的混合组及南方族群为主的混合组。8个汉族族群分别聚入各个组中,没有聚合出汉族组。体部指数的分型结果表明,长躯干型、中胸型、宽肩型、宽骨盆型和中腿型是中国男性族群主要的体部类型。中躯干型、宽胸型、宽肩型、宽骨盆型和中腿型是中国女性族群主要的体部类型。这表现出中国各族群体部特征具有明显的一致性。中国族群体部特征的一致性与其族源相近有关,汉族在中国各个族群交流融合过程中起了重要作用。在汉族的历史上,出现过多次大规模的人口迁徙。北方少数民族南下融入北方汉族,北方汉族南下促进了南方汉族的形成,使得南方汉族与北方汉族体部特征具有相似性,也促进了南方少数民族融入南方汉族。此外,迁入少数民族地区的汉族也逐渐融入少数民族中。结论中国各族群体部特征存在明显的共性。

Macro Characteristics of Human Rights Legal Principles for Ethnic Minorities in New China

In this paper, ethnic minorities refer to the 55 minorities other than the Han ethnic group with- in the borders of the People＇s Republic of China; human rights mean the human rights connotations within the ken of international human rights laws; legal principles mean the principles that all authoritative organizations, legislative organs, administrative departments, judicial organs and other departments should obey.

人类文明新形态创造中的民族生态文化叙事——以贵州松桃桐壳碱面为个案

人类文明新形态是中国共产党人在中国特色社会主义伟大实践中,有效遵循人与自然和谐共生逻辑形成的一种符合中国式现代化发展的文明新形态。它既是宏大的战略命题,也是微观的生活命题。人类文明新形态的创造离不开深厚的民族生态文化根基。从贵州松桃桐壳碱面的历史发源、生产流程、多元价值及其变迁、生态文明叙事逻辑研究发现,其从构思生产到加工完成实现了传统技艺与自然物之间的有效关联,是民族生态文化创造性转化与创新性发展的典型。在人类文明新形态创造的生态文化叙事中,体现为基因凝淀、价值传承、形态超越的价值演绎,是一种必要的研究范式,值得挖掘与研究,为人类文明新形态的创造提供深厚的民族生态文化基础。

学科视域下的中医学新探

中医学是承载着中华民族优秀文化内涵的重要学科,但随着研究逐渐深入,中医学的概念使用出现了几许困惑。本文基于学科交叉背景下的中医学科认知,从中医学、历史学、考古学等学科中对“中医”内容的利用情况进行分析,并联系其“中医”与“民族医学”的关系,综合考虑了“中医学”学科内外对“中医”的认识和应用。由此展开关于对“中医”“民族医学”及“汉医”之辨析,提出可将“汉医”作微观问题的研究对象,以企化解中医学研究中概念不清及研究难以拓展的疑虑。而基于这一新概念的应用,“中医学”能够真正实现广域视野的探索,多角度的深入研究且发挥出惠及多面的学科价值,促进中医学的长远发展以及多学科的交叉共进。

我国民族语言文献文本数字化识别问题——基于OCR及其工具

我国少数民族语言文献数量庞大,文字种类繁多,内容涵盖政治、经济、法律、历史、文学、艺术、宗教、天文、地理、医药等领域,是中华民族文化知识的重要组成部分。构建各民族文献文本数据,使之应用于自然语言处理和人工智能,能有效促进中华优秀传统知识创新性传承,促进知识社会化,是对各民族语言古文献和现代书报刊进行文字识别和文本转换数据构建的基础。国内早期OCR技术虽然解决了几种主要少数民族文字识别的问题,但因字符为非Unicode基本集编码而弃用。当前OCR技术已能较好识别蒙、藏、维、哈、朝等文种文献,但在处理我国汉文与少数民族文字混排图像文本时仍然效果不佳。因此应推进少数民族语言文献OCR识别技术创新。我国少数民族语言文献现行活态文字有十多种,其中非拉丁字系的文字有11种,OCR技术应重点解决这类少数民族语言字系的抄本、刻版和铅字印刷文本,以及汉文与民族文字混排文本的识别问题,研发开放的多功能工具和平台。在此基础上,进一步开展少数民族语言文献文本大规模数据构建,以促进我国语言科学研究和自然语言处理的创新发展。

从“远夷”到“中华民族”共识的演变——《旅行杂志》中的云南边疆民族认知变迁

在以《旅行杂志》涉滇内容为切入点的探讨中,可以看到从“远夷”到“中华民族”共识的演变及内地对云南边疆民族认知变迁。近代中国,“华夷”观与“中华民族”说并存。民国以后,尤其抗战后“中华民族”说渐被认同,但“华夷”观仍有影响。新中国建立后,“劳动者”“建设者”取代“华夷”,认同基准重构。《旅行杂志》不同时期对云南民族形象呈现不同,抗战前是“远夷”,抗战时是“典范”,建国后是“劳动者”“建设者”。形象差异源于接触程度和观念转变。中华民族形成过程中各民族共同开拓疆域、缔造国家、书写历史、创造文化、培育精神,《旅行杂志》从一个微观视角反映了其凝聚融合过程。

客家族群“新迁移”背景下非遗文化的“传统—现代”转型——以珠三角广东汉乐的在地化为例

与大埔县源发地的广东汉乐相比,珠三角广东汉乐在乐器组合、人员构成、活动特征、社会功能、乐曲选择、音乐风格等方面既有传承也有创新。珠三角广东汉乐的在地化与客家族群性格、国家在场等因素紧密关联,这对广东汉乐的传承与发展既是机遇也有挑战,典型地体现了客家族群“新迁移”背景下非遗文化的“传统—现代”转型,同时也为弘扬中华优秀传统文化提供了启示:传统与现代之间并非只有对立或趋同的生存形态,也有并存或联结的中间形态;传统文化的再生产、再创造,需要赋予新意涵和新形式,从而为传统文化的承续提供适宜的现代性语境。

论族群文化变迁的形式和原因

文化变迁是指文化出现的各种变化。据此,研究文化变迁的重点,就是对文化变迁的形式和原因做出说明。对整体性文化变迁的研究,最适合从族群文化的层面展开。族群文化变迁有量变和质变这两种基本形式。前者是指族群文化所包含的具象文化的种类数量的增加和减少。一般来说,增加意味着族群文化的进化,减少意味着族群文化的退化。后者是指族群文化所包含的具象文化从一种性状变为另一种性状。一般来说,变得好用意味着族群文化的进化,变得不好用意味着族群文化的退化。族群文化之所以发生变迁,以往学界有进化论、传播论和功能论的解释,但全都具有片面性。实际上,族群文化发生变迁,应该是由两个层面的原因共同导致的。创造、传播、变革、建设和强制是族群文化发生变迁的表层原因,人的需求及其变化则是深层原因。

民族地区人力资本对共同富裕的影响——基于CFPS 2014—2018年非平衡面板数据的实证研究

共同富裕是社会主义的本质规定和根本要求。在经济发展的新阶段,如何推进共同富裕成为我国经济社会发展面临的重要问题。基于中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2014年、2016年、2018年三轮连续追访的非平衡面板数据,实证检验民族地区人力资本对共同富裕的影响,并构建中介效应模型分析其作用机制。研究发现:首先,民族地区人力资本能够显著提升共同富裕水平,对物质富裕和精神富裕具有正向作用,但尚不能推动社会共享的发展;其次,创业活跃度在人力资本与共同富裕之间发挥中介作用,创业活跃度的增加提升了共同富裕水平;第三,产业结构升级也是民族地区人力资本推进共同富裕建设的重要路径。民族地区人力资本建设的持续推进将通过激发创业活力、优化产业结构,为共同富裕建设注入持久动力。

汉画祥瑞舞的性质、分类与重建

在汉画舞蹈形象中,祥瑞舞(祥禽瑞兽舞)是一个特殊的形象类别。它的产生来自“自然的人化”和“人的本质对象化”,是一个切实的汉画舞蹈子舞种的存在,如同今天现存的龙舞、凤舞、麒麟舞、牦牛舞等一样。本文将从三个部分对此进行论述:其一是关于汉代的祥瑞和汉画祥瑞舞;其二是关于汉画祥瑞舞的两大类别;其三是关于汉画祥瑞舞重建的探索。

民族文学内地化探究——以师范为中心

清代白族诗人师范的杜诗接受活动是众多白族诗人向中华文化学习的个案之一,体现了中华文化的影响力和辐射力。作为滇西文献大家,师范读书广博,其诗作能明显看出取法杜诗的痕迹。汉文化的强大影响力、清诗在云南的发展演变的规律、云南诗学的复古风气以及与杜甫相似的人生遭际都促成了师范学杜的动因。对于师范本人来说,杜甫的人格魅力和诗学成就影响了其诗歌的创作,其诗作中艺术成就最高的诗歌就是模仿杜甫的现实主义之作。在师范的人品和诗品的影响下,形成了以其为核心的清代白族师氏作家群以及白族作家圈。可以说,以师范为代表的清代白族诗人,在苍洱之境的熏陶下,民族气质与中华文化碰撞间,开辟了白族文化内地化的又一新的格局。