Spatial distribution of air temperature and relative humidity in the greenhouse as affected by external shading in arid climates

The effect of external roof shading on the spatial distribution of air temperature and relative humidity in a greenhouse(Tin and RHin) was evaluated under the arid climatic conditions of Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. Two identical, evaporatively-cooled, single-span greenhouses were used in the experiment. One greenhouse was externally shaded(Gs) using a movable black plastic net(30% transmissivity), and the other greenhouse was kept without shading(Gc). Strawberry plants were cultivated in both greenhouses. The results showed that the spatial distribution of the Tin and RHin was significantly affected by the outside solar radiation and evaporative cooling operation. The regression analysis showed that when the outside solar radiation intensity increased from 200 to 800 W m–2, the Tin increased by 4.5℃ in the Gc and 2℃in the Gs, while the RHin decreased by 15% in the Gc and 5% in the Gs, respectively. Compared with those in the Gc, more uniformity in the spatial distribution of the Tin and RHin was observed in the Gs. The difference between the maximum and minimum Tin of 6.4℃ and the RHin of 10% was lower in the Gs than those in the Gc during the early morning. Around 2℃ difference in the Tin was shown between the area closed to the exhausted fans and the area closed to the cooling pad with the external shading. In an evaporatively-cooled greenhouse in arid regions, the variation of the Tin and RHin in the vertical direction and along the sidewalls was much higher than that in the horizontal direction. The average variation of the Tin and RHin in the vertical direction was 5.2℃ and 10% in the Gc and 5.5℃ and 13% in the Gs, respectively. The external shading improved the spatial distribution of the Tin and RHin and improved the cooling efficiency of the evaporative cooling system by 12%, since the transmitted solar radiation and accumulated thermal energy in the greenhouse were significantly reduced.

Spatial-temporal characteristics and influencing factors of relative humidity in arid region of Northwest China during 1966–2017

Playing an important role in global warming and plant growth,relative humidity(RH)has profound impacts on production and living,and can be used as an integrated indicator for evaluating the wet-dry conditions in the arid and semi-arid area.However,information on the spatial-temporal variation and the influencing factors of RH in these regions is still limited.This study attempted to use daily meteorological data during 1966–2017 to reveal the spatial-temporal characteristics of RH in the arid region of Northwest China through rotated empirical orthogonal function and statistical analysis method,and the path analysis was used to clarify the impact of temperature(T),precipitation(P),actual evapotranspiration(ETa),wind speed(W)and sunshine duration(S)on RH.The results demonstrated that climatic conditions in North Xinjiang(NXJ)was more humid than those in Hexi Corridor(HXC)and South Xinjiang(SXJ).RH had a less significant downtrend in NXJ than that in HXC,but an increasingly rising trend was observed in SXJ during the last five decades,implying that HXC and NXJ were under the process of droughts,while SXJ was getting wetter.There was a turning point for the trend of RH in Xinjiang,which occurred in 2000.Path analysis indicated that RH was negatively correlated to T,ETa,W and S,but it increased with increase of P.S,T and W had the greatest direct effects on RH in HXC,NXJ and SXJ,respectively.ETa was the factor which had the greatest indirect effect on RH in HXC and NXJ,while T was the dominant factor in SXJ.

Interactions between Vegetation and Climatic Factors in Typical Arid and Humid Regions of China Based on NDVI

According to the distribution of arid and humid regions in China,the typical arid region (Erjina),the typical semi-arid/semi-humid region (Guanzhong basin/Loess Plateau) and the typical humid region (Poyang Lake basin) were selected as the study areas.Based on NDVI data from 1982 to 2000 and meteorological observing data of three study areas from 1981 to 2000,the interactions between vegetation NDVI and climatic factors (temperature and precipitation) in typical arid and humid regions were discussed in this study.The results showed that in the responses of vegetation to climatic factors,vegetation in the typical arid region (Erjina) was more sensitive to precipitation,while vegetation in the typical semi-arid/semi-humid region (Guanzhong basin/Loess Plateau) was more sensitive to both temperature and precipitation,and vegetation in the typical humid region (Poyang Lake basin) was more sensitive to temperature.As for effects of vegetation on climatic factors,there was a remarkable negative correlation between vegetation NDVI in the past winter and temperature in the present summer,and also a significant positive correlation between vegetation NDVI in the past winter and precipitation in the present summer.However,in the typical semi-arid/semi-humid region (Guanzhong basin/Loess Plateau),there was a significant positive correlation between vegetation NDVI in the present spring and temperature in the present summer.

Changes in morphology and soil nutrient patterns of nebkhas in arid regions along a precipitation gradient

Nebkhas, discrete mounds of sand and vegetation, are a common landscape feature critical to the stability of desert ecosystems and supported by limited precipitation. Nebkha morphology and spatial pattern vary in landscapes, but it is unclear how they change along precipitation gradients in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study we determined morphology and soil nutrient patterns of nebkha from different regions of northwestern China. The objective of this study was to understand zonal differences among nebkhas and how morphological characteristics and soil nutrient patterns of nebkha change along a precipitation gradient in northwestern China. Our results shows that mean annual precipitation(MAP) had significant effects on morphological characteristics of nebkhas such as height, area, and volume which significantly decreased with an increase in MAP. MAP had significant positive effects on shrub cover and species richness of nebkha. Soil nutrients such as soil organic matter(SOM), total carbon(TC), total nitrogen(TN), and total phosphorus(TP) in the 0-10 cm layer increased with an increase of MAP, and soil nutrient content within nebkhas was higher than in inter-nebkha areas.We concluded that nebkhas are "fertile islands" with an important role in ecosystem dynamics in study regions. Further,MAP is a key factor which determined zonal differences, morphological, and soil nutrients patterns of nebkhas. However,disturbance, such as animal grazing, and planted sand-stabilizing vegetation accelerated the degeneration of nebkha landscapes. We recommend implementation of protective measures for nebkhas in arid and semi-arid areas of China.

2022-2023年中昆仑山北坡不同海拔气象要素梯度对比分析

中昆仑山北坡既包含绿洲、荒漠及其过渡带等不同下垫面,又囊括沙漠和高原气候,由北向南生态环境差异大,气候变化多端,然而由于山地地区自然环境恶劣,气象台站较少且分布不均,给该地区气象要素的研究带来了一定挑战,致使对该区域气象要素的掌握尚不全面,因此开展关于中昆仑山北坡气象要素的研究十分有必要。本文利用中昆仑山北坡9个不同海拔气象台站连续一年(2022年8月至2023年7月)的气象要素数据,探究该山区1.5 m高度处近地面气象要素随海拔梯度的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)不同海拔风向变化显著,风速随海拔升高而增大,海拔1738~3044 m的站点受山谷风影响,存在两个主导风向且风速日变化呈“双峰型”;(2)中昆仑山北坡的气温垂直递减率(Temperature lapse rate,以下简称TLR)均低于标准大气气温直减率,平均气温垂直递减率TLR_(mean)、最高气温垂直递减率TLR_(max)和最低气温垂直递减率TLRmin分别为-0.56℃·(100m)^(-1)、-0.60℃·(100m)^(-1)和-0.47℃·(100m)^(-1),季节性特征表现为夏季陡,冬季浅;(3)不同海拔存在多个逆温层和逆湿层,逆温和逆湿强度的季节差异较大,表现为夏季逆温强度最小,逆湿强度较大,冬季逆温强度最大,逆湿强度最小,最强逆温和逆湿均出现在海拔1256~1409 m;(4)夏季典型天气下晴天的逆温逆湿均大于阴雨天,晴天最大逆温强度是阴雨天的4.32倍,晴天比湿变化范围大于阴雨天,逆湿强度是阴雨天的1.11倍;(5)中昆仑山北坡4-9月占全年总降水的86%以上,随海拔升高降水梯度变化明显,表现为“增多-减少-增多”的趋势,在2800~3200 m存在一个明显降水带。

Aridity/humidity status of land surface in China during the last three decades

To clarify aridity/humidity status of land surface is helpful for studying environmental background and regional differences, seeking causes of environmental change, and providing a scientific basis for researches on climate change in the future. In this paper, the authors calcu- lated potential evapotranspiration of China using data from 616 meteorological stations during the period of 1971―2000 with the Penman-Monteith model recommanded by FAO in 1998. Vy- sothkii’s model was used to calculate aridity/humidity index. Then the calculated results of sta- tions were interpolated to land surface using ArcGIS. Results show that the annual average po- tential evapotranspiration is 400―1500 mm in the whole country, 600―800 mm in most parts of it; and 350―1400 mm in growing season (April―Octobor), which is nearly 200 mm less than the annual average. According to the aridity/humidity indexes of 1.0, 1.5 and 4.0, the aridity/humidity status is categorized to four types, namely, humid, subhumid, semiarid and arid. A majority of stations (76%) are more humid in growing season than the annual average. Results of com- prisons between the distribution map of aridity/humidity index with that of precipitation and vegetation indicate a good consistence of aridity/humidity status with natural environment. Therefore potential evapotranspiration calculated with modified FAO’s Penman-Monteith model in combination with aridity/humidity index that considers water balance can more reasonably explain the actual land surface aridity/humidity status of China.

Tropical tree community composition and diversity variation along a volcanic elevation gradient

Unraveling the factors that determine variation of diversity in tropical mountain systems is a topic for debate in plant ecology.This is especially true in areas where topography is complex due to volcano elevational gradients and where forests are vulnerable to human activity.In this study we used a set of climatic(temperature,rainfall,and radiation solar),topographic(elevation,slope aspect,and slope orientation)and human disturbance variables to determine their effect on diversity and composition patterns of a tree community,considering three slope aspects of a tropical volcano in southeastern Mexico.We sampled trees in seventy 0.1-ha plots distributed on three slope aspects of the Tacanávolcano along an elevational gradient of 1500 to 2500 m.We determined diversity patterns(general tree richness,exponential of Shannon index,and pioneer species richness)with linear regression models,and for beta diversity,we used a dissimilarity index(within and between elevational bands 100 m wide).The effect of a set of environmental and human disturbance variables on tree diversity and community composition was analyzed with general linear models and multivariate analyses,respectively.We registered 2,949 individual trees belonging to 176 species and 58families.The average species richness and alpha diversity per plot were 13(standard deviation±6)and 9(±5),respectively.General tree richness and alpha diversity increased in the middle part(unimodal patterns)of the elevational gradient,but pioneer species richness decreased linearly with elevation.The variance explained by general linear models was greater in richness(32%)than in alpha diversity(25.3%).The most important predictor variables were temperature(elevational gradient),which explained the unimodal pattern(richness and alpha diversity increase at intermediate levels of temperature),and slope orientation,which explained the increase in richness and alpha diversity toward the geographic north.Only temperature had a significant effect on pioneer species diversity(22%).For community composition,all the predictor variables evaluated had a significant effect,but the most important were slope aspect and temperature.Assemblages were almost completely different in plots that were farther apart along the elevation gradient and had different slope aspects.Finally,the forests at lower elevations(1500–1900 m)were those that had the most human disturbance.Our study reveals the importance of considering a set of environmental variables related to climate,topography(e.g.,slope aspect),and human disturbance to understand variation in diversity and composition of a tree community on a tropical volcano.With this information,we believe that it is important to implement conservation and restoration measures in the forests of the lower parts of the Tacanávolcano,complemented by studies that contribute to designing better conservation strategies.

Regional difference of aridity/humidity conditions change over China during the last thirty years

The meteorological data of 616 stations in China were used to calculate the potential evapotranspira-tion and aridity/humidity index by applying the modified FAO-Penman-Monteith model. Regional difference of trends in precipitation, potential evapotranspiration and arid-ity/humidity index over China and their interdecadal varia-tions were analyzed from 1971 to 2000. The results show that all the four climatic factors trends have obvious regional difference and interdecadal variations. Annual precipitation during the 30-year period shows an increasing trend over most regions of China, with decreasing trends in potential evapotranspiration and aridity/humidity index. Most regions in China become more humid, especially significant in northern Xinjiang, eastern Tibet, western Sichuan, and northern Yunnan. The average value over China would mask the regional difference of climate change because of the com-plex environmental condition in China. Therefore regional difference should be analyzed to further understand climate change and its impacts. Both water supply and demand need to be considered when attempting to study regional arid-ity/humidity conditions.

1961—2020年长江下游地区夏季降水趋势分析

近几十年来长江下游地区夏季(6—8月)降水量呈现出显著上升的变化趋势,利用1961—2020年夏季台站降水资料,通过降水项分解法,定量分析了该降水趋势的可能影响因素。结果表明:1)长江下游地区夏季降水的上升趋势主要是由日降水量显著增加造成,而日降水量显著增加主要与整层水汽垂直梯度增大和垂直上升速度增强所导致的降水增加有关;2)长江下游地区对流层低层大气温度因地面升温的加热作用而显著上升,高层大气温度受亚太振荡相位正转负的影响而下降,使得高、低层大气的温差变大,低层大气比湿升高、高层大气比湿降低,导致整层水汽垂直梯度增加,为局地降水的增强提供了充沛的水汽条件;低层大气异常辐合加之显著增长的不稳定能量为垂直上升运动的增强和对流性降水的增加提供了有利的动力和热力条件,从而造成了长江下游地区夏季降水的显著上升趋势。

甘肃省植被时空动态变化及其归因分析

甘肃省作为中国西部生态安全屏障的重要组成部分,其植被覆盖变化直接关系中国西部的生态安全。采用2000-2020年植被覆盖度(FVC)数据,并从自然和人文影响方面选取16个影响因子,涵盖气候、地形地貌、土壤、人类活动,利用趋势分析法、地理探测器模型和偏最小二乘结构方程建模(PLS-SEM),从甘肃省不同干湿区、不同时间节点的角度探究其植被覆盖的变化特征及驱动力。结果表明,1)2000-2020年,甘肃省FVC整体持续改善,高植被覆盖度显著增加,其中陇东高原、陇中高原和疏勒河南部地区改善最为明显。2)不同干湿区的植被覆盖变化差异显著。干旱和半干旱区植被改善较慢,受降水量波动和土地利用方式影响大;而半湿润和湿润区植被改善明显,得益于良好的气候条件、生态工程的推动以及土壤有机碳含量的增加。3)降水和土地利用对FVC解释力最大,“退耕还林工程”对FVC的增加起到积极作用,但不合理的土地利用和城市化等也引起植被退化。随着时间推移,气候对FVC的影响一直在积极增加,不合理人类活动对FVC的负面影响相对稳定且较大,部分抵消了退耕还林的正面效果。此外,土壤有机碳含量对FVC的影响显著下降,且间接受到气候的正向影响。4)利用PLS-SEM模型,可有效分离自然与人为因素对植被覆盖的驱动作用,也可探究因素间的作用强度与途径。该研究增强了对区域植被动态变化规律的理解,也为生态恢复和环境管理提供了科学支持。

寒旱地区混凝土箱形渡槽湿热耦合效应

针对冬季渡槽的湿热全耦合效应问题,避免渡槽在冬季输水过程中出现裂缝现象,以寒旱地区引洮工程柳林沟渡槽为工程背景,利用湿热耦合传输理论分析,实测2023年1月5—20日的环境温度、环境湿度及风速,采用Fluent有限元软件建立了不同环境参数的混凝土箱形渡槽温度场、湿度场、湿热耦合场有限元模型,并分析不同工况对冬季渡槽的非耦合和全耦合状态下的变形影响。分析结果表明,渡槽通水时冬季最不利温差为-14.7℃,不通水时为-6.3℃;渡槽通水时冬季最不利横向温差为-10.2℃,不通水时为-6.2℃;在湿度扩散过程中,沿板厚方向湿度由内向外逐渐减小,且吸水速度随时间的增大而减小;在湿热耦合过程中,全耦合场温度值小于非耦合场温度值,湿热全耦合作用的挠度变化值小于湿热非耦合作用下的挠度变化值,湿热耦合作用的拉应力小于湿热非耦合作用下的拉应力值,因此,湿热全耦合作用对渡槽结构变形有利。

干旱、半干旱区湖泊周围盐生植物群落的多样性格局及特点

干旱、半干旱地区湖泊周围是盐渍化土壤的主要分布区,盐渍化是荒漠化的主要类型之一。目前,关于盐生植被的分布格局及群落多样性随着盐渍化程度加深的动态变化的研究仍很缺乏,为阐释这种关系,作者在内蒙古干旱、半干旱地区选择吉兰泰(盐池)、乌梁素海、查干诺尔(碱矿)以及额吉诺尔(盐池)等4个湖泊,研究了其周围盐生植物群落的物种组成、分布特征以及群落结构的差异,讨论了群落多样性沿盐分梯度的变化特点,并在此基础上探讨了盐生植物群落对土壤盐分环境的指示意义。为建立群落耐盐值与群落多样性的关系,我们计算了群落耐盐值。结果表明,盐生植物群落沿盐湖呈明显的环带状分布;随着土壤盐渍化程度的增加,按照芨芨草群落(Comm.Achnatherum splendens)、盐爪爪群落(Comm.Kalidiumfoliatum)、盐角草群落(Comm.Salicorniaeuropaea)和碱蓬群落(Comm.Suaedaglauca)的顺序演替,而且物种种类趋向单一化,群落结构趋向简单化。群落的物种多样性和群落间物种的替代速率都随土壤盐分的增加而减小,而群落间物种的相似性则增加。区域性气候特点对盐生植物群落的特征也会产生一定的影响,特别是在低盐渍化的条件下,这种影响比较显著,使得盐生植物群落体现出地带性的特点,而随着土壤盐渍化程度的提高,盐生植物群落的隐域性特征更为突出。因此,这一地区的盐生植被又呈现出非常明显的地带性植被向非地带性植被过渡的特点。

Vegetation-Climate Relationship and Its Application in the Division of Vegetation Zone in China

Distribution of vegetation is closely coupled with climate; the climate controls distribution of vegetation and the vegetation type reflects regional climates. To reveal vegetation_climate relationships is the foundation for understanding the vegetation distribution and theoretically serving vegetation regionalization. Vegetation regionalization is a theoretical integration of vegetation studies and provides a base for physiogeographical regionalization as well as agriculture and forestry regionalization. Based on a brief historical overview on studies of vegetation_climate relationships and vegetation regionalization conducted in China, we review the principles, bases and major schemes of previous vegetation regionalization and discuss on several contentious boundaries of vegetation zones in the present paper. We proposed that, under the circumstances that the primary vegetation has been destroyed in most parts of China, the division of vegetation zones/regions should be based on the distribution of primary and its secondary vegetation types and climatic indices that delimit distribution of the vegetation types. This not only reveals the closed relationship between vegetation and climate, but also is feasible practically. Although there still are divergence of views on the name and their boundaries of the several vegetation zones, it is commonly accepted that there are eight major vegetation regions in China, i.e. cold temperate needleleaf forest region, temperate needleleaf and broadleaf mixed forest region, warm temperate deciduous broadleaf forest region, subtropical evergreen broadleaf forest region, tropical monsoon forest and rain forest region, temperate steppe region, temperate desert region, and Qinghai_Xizang (Tibetan) Plateau high_cold vegetation region. Analyzing characteristics of vegetation and climate of major vegetation boundaries, we suggested that: 1) Qinling Mountain_Huaihe River line is an important arid/humid climatic, but not a thermal climatic boundary, and thus can not also be regarded as the northern limit of the subtropical vegetation zone; 2) the northern limit of subtropical vegetation zone in China is along the northern coast of the Yangtze River, from Hangzhou Bay, via Taihu Lake, Xuancheng and Tongling in Anhui Province, through by southern slope of the Dabie Mountains, to Wuhan and its west, coinciding with a warmth index ( WI ) value of 130-140 ℃·month; 3) the tropical region is limited in a very small area in southeastern Hainan Island and southern edge of Taiwan Island; and 4) considering a significant difference in climates between the southern and northern parts of the warm temperate zone, we suggested that the warm temperate zone in China is divided into two vegetation regions, deciduous broadleaf woodland region and deciduous and evergreen broadleaf mixed forest region, the Qinling Mountain_Huaihe River line being as their boundary. We also claimed that the zonal vegetation in North China is deciduous broadleaf woodland. Finally, we emphasized the importance of dynamic vegetation regionalization linked to climate changes.

可可西里地区中新世湖相叠层石成因及其古气候意义

青藏高原北部可可西里地区新发现湖相叠层石,它们集中分布在中新世五道梁群地层中。这些叠层石形态以穹隆状最为常见,局部地区甚至形成叠层石藻丘礁,根据显微镜和扫描电镜观察,其纹层构造和显微结构与现代海洋叠层石和前寒武纪时期的叠层石十分相似。根据对采集的叠层石样品进行微量元素分析、碳氧同位素分析,并与藻团块灰岩、生物碎屑灰岩和泥质灰岩以及少量白云岩进行对比研究,结果表明:叠层石灰岩、藻团块灰岩具有相似的地球化学特点,表现为低Sr/Ba、高Fe/Mn的特点,判断这些叠层石碳酸盐沉积在低盐度湖泊环境,建造叠层石的蓝绿藻生长在滨浅湖地带。它们的δ18O值变化于-6.63‰^-7.63‰之间,接近一般湖相淡水灰岩的范围内,指示入湖水量增加、湖水向淡化方向发展。湖泊中蓝绿藻类繁盛和叠层石的出现指示高湖面湖泛事件,说明青藏高原中新世时期曾出现过气候异常湿润期,这为判别区域气候的干湿变化提供了一个沉积标识。

全国干湿分布区动态变化研究

在全球气候变化的背景下,我国的干湿状况发生相应变化。本文主要研究过去60年全国干湿状况动态变化,以便于了解气候变化对我国干湿状况的影响。基于1951~2010年全国756个气象站点的气象数据,根据Penman-Monteith潜在蒸散量方法计算潜在蒸散发量,再结合降水量数据计算干燥度指数。利用干湿区划分阈值,划分1951~2010年不同干湿分区,主要有极端干旱区、干旱区、半干旱区、干性半湿润区、半湿润区、湿性半湿润区、湿润区分区,并研究1951~2010年10年年际动态变化。研究结果表明,全国在总体上趋向于干旱,尤其东北地区最为严重,而北疆地区趋向于湿润。不同年代呈现不同的干湿波动性规律,80年代为湿润时期,90年代为极端干旱时期,半干旱区范围明显增加并往东南移动。本研究对理解我国植被空间分布的变化和生态环境建设具有一定的指导意义。

近50年来西北半干旱区气候变化特征

选用西北半干旱区33个气象站1951-2004年温度、降水、相对湿度、风速、蒸发量等气象观测资料,分析主要气候要素变化规律,揭示了近50年来西北半干旱区气候变化的一些新特征。结果表明,西北半干旱区降水量近50年来年际变化趋势除个别地方外绝大多数地区呈下降趋势,降水量变化曲线线性拟合倾向率在-59.168～-1.143 mm/10 a之间,秋季降水量减少最多,春季次之,而夏季部分地区和冬季大部分地区降水量呈略增趋势。降水量存在3年、6～8年的周期振荡特征,3年周期振荡在1962-1966年为中心的局部时段内最强,之后逐渐减弱。6～8年振荡在1980-1985年为中心的局部时段内最强。气温距平呈上升趋势,气温距平变化曲线线性拟合倾向率在0.074～0.507℃/10 a之间,大部分地区呈先降后升型,转型时间为20世纪60年代后期至70年代前期。冬季气温增高最多,秋季、春季次之,夏季陕、甘、宁交界区及陇中地区气温增高而其余地区气温距平略呈下降趋势。相对湿度近50年来年呈波动变化。平均风速近50年来年际变化趋势除个别地方略增外,其余各地均呈下降趋势。蒸发量近50年来年际变化趋势除个别地方呈上升趋势外,其余各地蒸发量呈下降趋势。

近40a来青海湖地区的气候变化分析

选用青海湖流域天峻、刚察、共和、茶卡 4站 4 1a(195 8— 1998年 )的气象资料 ,运用主成分分析、趋势分析和相关分析对各气象要素的年、季平均值序列进行了分析。结果表明 :青海湖地区降水和日照时数的年际变化较大 ,但无明显的长期趋势 ;该地区的平均气温、平均最高、平均最低气温都明显升高 ,其中以平均最低气温上升最为明显 ;风速呈明显的下降趋势 ,2 0世纪 70年代最大 ,80年代最小 ,90年代又略有增加 ;该区 80年代相对湿度较大 ,而

地下水和干旱指数对植被指数空间分布的联合影响:以鄂尔多斯高原为例

鄂尔多斯高原无定河与都思兔河之间的地段属于我国西北地区典型的干旱-半干旱过渡带,覆盖毛乌素沙地,存在大量的地下水浅埋区,为植被生长创造了有利条件。前人研究表明鄂尔多斯高原沙地植被的盖度随着地下水埋深的减小而增大,但没有充分考虑气候梯度的影响。本研究依托大量井孔调查资料建立了研究区地下水埋深的高分辨率栅格数据,与区内增强型植被指数EVI的遥感数据和气候数据进行相关分析,并建立地下水埋深与干旱指数双因素坐标系来确定区域植被指数对地下水和气候背景的联合响应。研究结果表明:干旱指数和地下水埋深的增大都会导致植被指数的概率统计值减小。干旱指数介于3~5时,地下水埋深对植被指数的影响比较显著,且地下水埋深介于1~3m最有利于高盖度植被的出现。地下水显著影响植被分布的临界埋深约为7m。这一结果改进了前人关于鄂尔多斯生态水文地质特征的认识。

中国东北近50年干旱发展及对全球气候变暖的响应

应用实测的降水、气温和土壤湿度资料,分析我国东北区(含黑龙江、吉林、辽宁三省和内蒙古自治区的东部)近50年干旱化的发展趋势.结果表明,用月平均气温和降水量的距平和均方差所构造的'大气干旱指数'以及土壤湿度都显示,近50年来整个东北区是向干旱发展的,1990年代中期以来这种干旱化趋势尤为明显;而东北西部亚干旱地区的干旱化相对更严重(特别是内蒙古东部的北半部).在亚干旱地区的气温和降水两个要素中,气温的升高对干旱化的作用可能更重要.在东北区的南部,近50年来的降水是略有增加,但仍有向干旱发展的趋势.这显然与全球气候变暖的大背景有关.为探讨东北区干旱的发展对全球气候变暖的响应,利用Jones等的1951～2000年全球平均气温资料和东北区25个站的大气干旱指数进行线性回归分析.结果表明,在全球平均温度上升1℃的情况下,中国东北区的干旱化程度要增加5～20%,最大的达到22%.这种形势应该引起我们的关注.

内蒙古阿拉善地区气候区划研究

在 2 0世纪 60年代以来的历次阿拉善地区气候区划工作基础上 ,本文分析了大量气象数据并参照遥感技术对气候、地貌、土壤、植被等分类与分区研究成果 ,认为阿拉善地区具有中温带向暖温带过渡的明显特征 ,其中近一半的地区应属于暖温带。基于常规方法与遥感手段的结合 ,根据植被、土壤、地貌、等景观生态因素与气候相关的综合评定 ,制定了气候分类指标系统 ;采用插值方法 ,得到每个网格点的有关气象要素值 ,编制了气象要素等值线图 ,完成了综合反映下垫面多种要素的阿拉善气候区划方案。