On the “Onion Husk” Algorithm for Approximate Solution of the Traveling Salesman Problem

The paper describes some implementation aspects of an algorithm for approximate solution of the traveling salesman problem based on the construction of convex closed contours on the initial set of points (“cities”) and their subsequent combination into a closed path (the so-called contour algorithm or “onion husk” algorithm). A number of heuristics related to the different stages of the algorithm are considered, and various variants of the algorithm based on these heuristics are analyzed. Sets of randomly generated points of different sizes (from 4 to 90 and from 500 to 10,000) were used to test the algorithms. The numerical results obtained are compared with the results of two well-known combinatorial optimization algorithms, namely the algorithm based on the branch and bound method and the simulated annealing algorithm. .

Rice Husk at a Glance:From Agro-Industrial to Modern Applications

Excessive waste production has led to the concept of a circular bioeconomy to deliver valuable by-products and improve environmental sustainability.The annual worldwide rice production accounts for more than 750 million tons of grain and 150 million tons of husk.Rice husk(RH)contains valuable biomaterials with extensive applications in various fields.The proportions of each component depend primarily on rice genotype,soil chemistry,and climatic conditions.RH and its derivatives,including ash,biochar,hydrochar,and activated carbon have been placed foreground of applications in agriculture and other industries.While the investigation on RH’s compositions,microstructures,and by-products has been done copiously,owing to its unique features,it is still an open-ended area with enormous scope for innovation,research,and technology.Here,we reviewed the latest applications of RH and its derivatives,including fuel and other energy resources,construction materials,pharmacy,medicine,and nanobiotechnology to keep this versatile biomaterial in the spotlight.

Performance Evaluation of Novel Eco-Materials Composed of Millet Husks, Rice Husks, and Polystyrene

Managing agricultural waste and expanded polystyrene (EPS) poses significant environmental and economic challenges. This study aims to create composites from millet husks, rice husks, and recycled EPS, using a manufacturing method that involves dissolving the polystyrene in a solvent followed by cold pressing. Various particle sizes and two binder dosages were investigated to assess their influence on the physico-mechanical properties of the composites. The mechanical properties obtained range from 2.54 to 4.47 MPa for the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) and from 686 to 1400 MPa for the Modulus of Elasticity in Bending (MOE). The results indicate that these composites have potential for applications in the construction sector, particularly for wood structures and interior decoration. Moreover, surface treatments could enhance their durability and mechanical properties. This research contributes to the valorization of agricultural and plastic waste as eco-friendly and economical construction materials.

Investigation of the Fermentation Mode of Rice Husk for the Stabilization of Earth Plaster

Despite its low resistance to humidity, adobe remains the most widely used material for housing construction, particularly in developing countries. The present study aims to assess different modes of use of fermented RH and to evaluate their influence on the behavior of raw earth for application in plaster. The influences of two types of RH are evaluated: granular rice husk (RHg) and powdered RH (RHp). The clay mainly consists of clay (40%), silt (22%), and sand (38.4%), with a small proportion of gravel (0.24%). Its liquidity limit is 40% and the plasticity index is 26.5%. The mixtures were designed using earth and each of the two rice husks at the volumetric content of 10%, 15% and 20% of the total volume mixed with water 36.5%, 38.5% and 40.3% and fermented for three weeks. Each fermented mixture was added to the soil to form the paste, and 40 × 40 × 160 mm3 test speciments were made for characterization. The results generally show an improvement in the physico-mechanical properties and water resistance of the mortars containing fermented RH, with an optimal content between 10% and 15%. The powdered RH improved the performance of the mortar better than granular RH.

Development and Characterization of Particle Boards Based on Sorghum Husk

This study tackles current environmental challenges by developing innovative and eco-friendly particle boards utilizing sorghum husk, combined with recycled expanded polystyrene (EPS). This dual eco-responsible approach valorizes sorghum husk, often deemed agricultural waste, and repurposes EPS, a plastic waste, thus contributing to CO2 emission reduction and effective waste management. The manufacturing process involves dissolving recycled polystyrene within a solvent to create a binder, which is then mixed with sorghum husk and cold-pressed into composite boards. The study explores the impact of two particle sizes (fine and coarse) and two different concentrations of the recycled EPS binder. Results demonstrate significant variations in the boards’ mechanical properties, displaying a range of Modulus of Rupture (MOR) from 0.84 MPa to 3.85 MPa, and Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) spanning from 658.13 MPa to 1313.25 MPa, influenced by the binder concentration and particle size. These characteristics suggest that the boards can be effectively used in various construction applications, including interior decoration, false ceilings, and potentially for furniture and door manufacturing when combined with appropriate coatings. This study not only exemplifies the valorization of plastic and agricultural wastes but also offers a practical, localized solution to global climate change challenges by promoting sustainable construction materials.

Study of Rice Husks and Expanded Polystyrene Composites for Construction Applications

In the current context of environmental challenges, this study focuses on developing innovative and eco-friendly composites using rice husk and recycled expanded polystyrene. This dual-responsibility approach valorizes a by-product like rice husk, often considered waste, and reuses polystyrene, a plastic waste, thereby contributing to CO2 emission reduction and effective waste management. The manufacturing process involves dissolving recycled polystyrene into a solvent to create a binder, which is then mixed with rice husk and cold-compacted into composite materials. The study examines the impact of two particle sizes (fine and coarse) and different proportions of recycled polystyrene binder. The results show significant variations in the mechanical characteristics of the composites, with Modulus of Rupture (MOR) values varying from 2.41 to 3.47 MPa, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) ranging from 223.41 to 1497.2 MPa, and Stiffness Coefficient (K) from 5.04 to 33.96 N/mm. These characteristics demonstrate that these composites are appropriate for various construction applications, including interior decoration, panel claddings, and potentially for furniture and door manufacturing when combined with appropriate coatings. This study not only highlights the recycling of agricultural and plastic waste but also provides a localized approach to addressing global climate change challenges through the adoption of sustainable building materials.

The Influence of Rice Husk Ash on Mechanical Properties of the Mortar and Concrete: A Critical Review

Increasing the population and infrastructure in both emerging and developed countries requires a considerable amount of cement, which significantly affects the environment. The primary materials of concrete (‘cement’) production emit a large quantity of CO2 into the environment. Also, the cost of conventional building materials like cement gives motivation to find geopolymer waste materials for concrete. To reduce harmful effects on the environment and cost of traditional concrete substance, alternative waste materials like rice husk ash (RHA), ground granulated blast-furnace (GGBS), fly ash (FA), and metakaolin (MK) can be used due to their pozzolanic behavior. RHA waste material with a high silica concentration obtained from burning rice husks can possibly be used as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in the manufacturing of concrete, and its strong pozzolanic properties can contribute to the strength and impermeability of concrete. This review paper highlights a summary of the positive effect of using RHA as a partial substitute for cement in building construction, as well as its optimal inclusion of enhanced mechanical properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, and split tensile strength of mortar and concrete.

Antioxidant Activities and Characterization of Polyphenols from Selected Northern Thai Rice Husks: Relation with Seed Attributes

Rice production generates a significant amount of agricultural waste. This study aimed to give results related to the existence of antioxidant phenols in agricultural waste of selected Northern Thai rice varieties. The antioxidant activities, contents of total flavonoids and phenolic compounds in the ethanolic rice husk extract were evaluated. The highest antioxidant activities were found in the variety PES1CMU, with 2,2’-azinobis-3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl as 679.66 and 4.16 mmol/(L·g) trolox equivalent, respectively, ferric reducing antioxidant power as 0.87 mmol/(L·g) Fe2+, total phenolic content as 29.90 mmol/(L·g) gallic acid and total flavonoid content as 12.16 mg/g catechin equivalent. Polyphenol compounds were identified mainly by standard polyphenols using the liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, with the highest contents of phytic acid, o-coumaric acid, naringin and kaempferol. The non-glutenous and wetland ecotypes of rice husk samples were the richest in antioxidant activities and polyphenol contents characterized by using principal component analysis. The glutenous rice husk contained higher antioxidant activities than the rest. Interestingly, quercetin is a significant phenolic compound that positively correlated with the overall antioxidant activities of rice husk. This finding will be relevant for future application of rice husk antioxidant components in the production of functional ingredients as well as for the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Mechanical properties of a clay soil reinforced with rice husk under drained and undrained conditions

Fiber-reinforced soils have been increasingly used in geotechnical engineering.Over the years,research has sought to understand and investigate the influences of fibers as reinforcement in soilefiber mixtures.This study assessed the behavior of clayey soil in the city of Curitiba(Paraná,Brazil),adding rice husk fiber(RHF),an industrial waste from Cooperativa Agroindustrial in Alegrete(Rio Grande do Sul,Brazil).To evaluate the effect of the presence of natural RHF on the mechanical behavior of compacted soil,aspects such as the influence of fiber content and the drained and undrained behaviors of the soil were evaluated through unconfined triaxial compression tests.The following tests were realized:soil granulometry,specific mass of solids and Atterberg limits.Specimens were produced in quadruplicate for the soil and mixtures using the RHF contents of 0.5%,0.75%,1%and 1.5%to determine the unconfined compressive strength(UCS).Triaxial tests were realized on a pure soil specimen and the specimens with 1%RHF under confining pressures of 50 kPa,100 kPa,200 kPa and 400 kPa.The interactions at the interface between husk surface and soil were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM).In UCS tests,specimens with RHF percentages of 1%and 1.5%presented the highest results,with an increment of 36%compared to the soil without RHF.The results of the consolidated drained triaxial compression tests show that in terms of effective stress,there was a small difference in the strength of the compacted pure soil and soil with the addition of RHF.For the undrained tests,the strength increased with the inclusion of husk,with a reduction of 50%in cohesion and an increment of 22%in friction angle for specimens containing RHF compared to the soil without RHF additions.

Effects of Different Chinese Hickory Husk Returning Modes on Soil Nutrition and Microbial Community in Acid Forest Soil

Chinese hickory(Carya cathayensis Sarg.)is an important economic forest in Southeastern China.A large amount of hickory husk waste is generated every year but with a low proportion of returning.Meanwhile,intensive management has resulted in soil degradation of Chinese hickory plantations.This study aims to investigate the effects of three Chinese hickory husk returning modes on soil amendment,including soil acidity,soil nutrition,and microbial community.The field experiment carried out four treatments:control(CK),hickory husk mulching(HM),hickory husk biochar(BC),and hickory husk organic fertilizer(OF).The phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA)biomarker method was employed to determine the soil microbial community.After one year of treatment,the results showed that:(i)HM and BC significantly increased soil pH by 0.33 and 1.71 units,respectively;(ii)HM,BC and OF treatments significantly increased the soil organic carbon,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorous,and available potassium.The OF treatment demonstrated the most significant improvement in the soil nutrient;(iii)The soil microbial biomass significantly increased in the HM,BC and OF treatments,and all microbial groups showed an increasing trend.HM treatment increased the fungal/bacterial ratio(F/B).The OF treatment significantly decreased the Shannon-Wiener diversity(H’)and evenness index(J)of the microbial community(P<0.05).Considering the treatments effects,costs,and ease of operation,our recommended returning modes of Chinese hickory husk are mulching and organic fertilizer produced by composting with manure.

Effectiveness of Rice Husk and Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes Blended Cement in Improving Properties of Concrete

This paper emphasized the use of rice husk ash (RHA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) in improving concrete properties, and also their combined effects on workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, permeability and water absorption capacity. Thus, in this study, the water-to-cement ratio was kept constant (0.45), the binder materials content for conventional mix was kept constant at (350 kg/m3) and the partial replacement of cement with RHASBA used was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by weight of cement. The maximum compressive strength was noted at a 5% replacement level of cement with RHASBA. The Results showed that the optimum replacement of cement with RHASBA in concrete was 5%, which was found to increase the compressive strength by 15%, flexural strength by 3.4%, lowered permeability by 50%, lowered sorptivity by 11.34% as compared with control concrete at 90 days of curing time. The micro-structural test results further established that RHA and SBA have a high content of SiO2 which enables them to be more reactive in concrete and also revealed that the presence of RHASBA depletes Ca(OH)2 crystals, converting it into CaH2O4Si (C-S-H gel) leading to the strengthening of bond within the concrete matrix.

超声波-微波联合辅助提取澳洲坚果青皮多糖工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

为了开发澳洲坚果青皮多糖产品,促进澳洲坚果青皮的综合利用,我们以澳洲坚果青皮为试材,比较澳洲坚果果实不同部位的多糖提取率,并采用超声波-微波联合辅助法,运用单因素与正交试验比较微波功率、提取时间、料液比、超声温度4个因素对多糖提取率的影响,研究其最优提取条件。以维生素C为对照,测定澳洲坚果青皮多糖清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、羟基自由基的能力与还原力,评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,澳洲坚果果实不同部位中,青皮多糖提取率最高。青皮多糖超声波-微波联合辅助提取工艺中各因素对提取率的影响力从高到低依次为提取时间>料液比>超声温度>微波功率,且均达到极显著水平(p<0.01),最佳提取工艺条件为提取时间90 min、超声温度65℃、料液比(1∶25)g/mL、微波功率400 W,此条件下提取率达到1.96%。澳洲坚果青皮多糖的抗氧化活性与质量浓度呈极显著正相关(p<0.01),相关系数R分别为0.9707、0.9813、0.9912,具有较强的DPPH、羟基自由基清除能力和较高的还原力,其半抑制浓度(IC 50)分别为38.55、20.38、41.51μg/mL,相同浓度下略低于维生素C。

Effectiveness of Rice Husk and Sugarcane Bagasse Ashes Blended Cement in Improving Properties of Concrete

This paper emphasized the use of rice husk ash (RHA) and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) in improving concrete properties, and also their combined effects on workability, compressive strength, flexural strength, permeability and water absorption capacity. Thus, in this study, the water-to-cement ratio was kept constant (0.45), the binder materials content for conventional mix was kept constant at (350 kg/m3) and the partial replacement of cement with RHASBA used was 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30% by weight of cement. The maximum compressive strength was noted at a 5% replacement level of cement with RHASBA. The Results showed that the optimum replacement of cement with RHASBA in concrete was 5%, which was found to increase the compressive strength by 15%, flexural strength by 3.4%, lowered permeability by 50%, lowered sorptivity by 11.34% as compared with control concrete at 90 days of curing time. The micro-structural test results further established that RHA and SBA have a high content of SiO2 which enables them to be more reactive in concrete and also revealed that the presence of RHASBA depletes Ca(OH)2 crystals, converting it into CaH2O4Si (C-S-H gel) leading to the strengthening of bond within the concrete matrix.

Characteristics of Rice Husk-Admixed Conplast SP 430 Concrete

Experimental work was mounted using 5.7 mL of the Conplast SP430 admixture and rice husk ash(RHA)at replacement levels of 0 to 50%at 10%intervals by wt.%of cement.It is on the performance of Conplast SP 430 admixture and its effects on concrete and concrete with rice husk ash.Concrete specimens were cast and cured for 3 to 90 days and subjected to slump and mechanical characteristics tests.Data generated from the experiments were analyzed and sensitivity analysis of the concrete mix was determined using the Minitab 18 Statistical Package.The results showed that CP with concrete improves the workability of the concrete and reduces water absorption.The reverse was the case when RHA was used with the admixture which may be an issue of compatibility.The statistical characteristics restrict good and within the specified limits.

核桃青皮粉及其提取物对猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响

【目的】研究核桃青皮粉及其提取物对育肥猪生长性能、胴体和肉质性状的影响。【方法】选取90头健康、体重约80 kg的“杜×长×大”三元杂交育肥阉公猪,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪。对照组育肥猪饲喂基础饲粮,核桃青皮粉试验组及其提取物试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加0.1%核桃青皮粉和0.1%核桃青皮粉提取物。预试期10 d,正试期40 d。试验第41天,测定每头猪初始体重、终末体重及各组采食量。试验结束后,每个重复中选取2头体重接近平均体重的试验猪进行屠宰,测定胴体性状、肉质性状,以及背最长肌的氨基酸和脂肪酸含量。【结果】与对照组相比,饲粮中添加核桃青皮粉或其提取物对育肥猪末重、平均日增重、平均日采食量、料重比、胴体直长、胴体斜长、胴体重、屠宰率、眼肌面积、板油重以及背最长肌pH_(45 min)、滴水损失、加压损失、大理石纹评分、红度均无显著影响(P>0.05),但可显著提高育肥猪背膘厚、背最长肌黄度和肌内脂肪含量(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,除了组氨酸,核桃青皮粉组育肥猪背最长肌中其他氨基酸含量均有一定提高,而核桃青皮提取物组的氨基酸含量与对照组的差异不大,核桃青皮粉组和提取物组多不饱和脂肪酸总含量均比对照组含量有一定提高。【结论】饲粮添加0.1%核桃青皮粉及其提取物对生长性能和胴体性状无负面影响,二者均可改善育肥猪肉质性状,核桃青皮粉效果更佳。

不同大麦品种籽粒营养成分分析

为发掘更多高营养成分大麦品种和优质亲本,以526份国内外大麦品种为材料,鉴定了其皮裸性、棱型、籽粒颜色等性状,使用近红外光谱法和分光光度法测定其籽粒β-葡聚糖、蛋白质、淀粉、直链淀粉、总黄酮、生物碱、γ-氨基丁酸和抗性淀粉8种营养成分含量。结果表明,基因型对大麦籽粒营养成分含量影响显著(P<0.05)。二棱皮大麦的β-葡聚糖含量显著高于六棱裸麦;二棱黄色大麦蛋白质含量显著高于六棱非黄色大麦,淀粉含量显著低于六棱黄色大麦;裸大麦直链淀粉含量显著高于皮大麦,六棱非黄色裸大麦γ-氨基丁酸、总黄酮含量显著高于二棱黄色皮大麦;六棱非黄色皮大麦生物碱含量显著高于二棱黄色裸大麦;非黄色裸大麦抗性淀粉含量显著高于黄色皮麦。526份大麦品种被聚类为5个类群。8个营养成分最高大麦品种分别为CBSS05Y00293S(高β-葡聚糖)、福贡白青稞(高蛋白质)、云啤21号(高淀粉)、云啤10号(高直链淀粉)、宽颖大麦(高γ-氨基丁酸)、冬青17号(高总黄酮)、碧江大麦-1(高生物碱)和景东米大麦(高抗性淀粉)。

稻壳炭强化城市污泥蚯蚓堆肥过程中重金属变化特征

为探讨稻壳炭强化蚯蚓堆肥对污泥性质和重金属的影响,本研究以城市污泥为研究对象,添加不同比例稻壳炭对蚯蚓堆肥进行强化处理,探究不同生物炭剂量(污泥干质量的2%、4%、6%、8%)对城市污泥蚯蚓堆肥过程中重金属有效态以及赋存形态的影响。结果表明:堆肥过程中pH呈先上升后降低的趋势,电导率先降低后升高,有机质呈下降趋势;与对照组(不添加稻壳炭)相比,添加不同比例稻壳炭强化后的电导率、有机质分别降低28.96%~47.46%、2.84%~18.87%;稻壳炭强化的污泥堆肥中养分增加,总氮、总磷和总钾在8%添加量时分别提高9.89%、24.39%和2.51%。当稻壳炭添加到蚯蚓堆肥后,重金属从易迁移转化形态向稳定态转化,在8%添加比例时,Cd、Cu、Ni的残渣态占比较对照组分别提高3.57、19.12、9.27个百分点,有效态分别降低56.25%、34.22%、28.20%;添加4%稻壳炭使Pb由可交换态、碳酸盐结合态向稳定的有机结合态转化,且有效态降低27.69%。相关性分析发现稻壳炭强化蚯蚓堆肥,升高堆体pH降低了污泥中Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb有效态含量。研究表明,稻壳炭强化蚯蚓堆肥可显著提升城市污泥营养元素,改善理化性质,提高污泥中重金属钝化效率。

椰糠-黏土植生基材崩解特性试验

以三亚学院校内10~30 cm土层的黏土(过孔径2 mm土壤筛)、直径小于等于2 mm的椰糠为试验材料,以黏土质量为基准,选择占黏土质量0~15%的椰糠、含水率30%~70%,按照正交试验方案设计3组配合比,将黏土、椰糠、水进行充分搅拌混合,装入直径50.46 mm、高50 mm的环刀内制作试块(试验样品);将试块在室内自然环境中分别放置0、1、3、5、7、9 d,利用自制崩解仪进行崩解试验,每隔1 min测定试块在水中的质量(设置最长崩解时间为30 min),计算崩解量(试块崩解的质量占试块初始质量的比例);分析初始含水率、椰糠质量比例、放置时间3个因素对椰糠-黏土植生基材崩解特性的影响。结果表明:不同质量比例的椰糠、黏土、水,搅拌混合后,形成干松、湿润、泌水、泥浆、泥水5种状态。初始含水率、椰糠质量比例、放置时间3个因素协同作用,影响植生基材试块成型后的内部结构,影响崩解现象和最终累计崩解量。初始含水率、椰糠质量比例不同,试块水稳定性形成的机理不同,添加椰糠后,需要增加初始含水率才能使试块形成稳定的内部结构,椰糠质量比例越高,需要的初始含水率则越高。40%、70%初始含水率试块的累计崩解量最高。若初始含水率达到50%,随着椰糠质量比例增加,最终累计崩解量减小;但放置时间达到7 d后,椰糠质量比例超过10%试块的最终累计崩解量反而降低;放置时间少于3 d的试块,试块未全部成型,成型试块放入水中崩解速率较快,5~10 min内大部分试块完全崩解;放置时间达到3 d后,试块放入水中产生吸水现象;放置时间在5~7 d,抗崩解能力达到最大值。综合试验研究结果,建议工程实践中,采用50%~60%初始含水率和10%~13%椰糠质量比例配置制作椰糠-黏土植生基材,此时基材抗崩解性能较好;当边坡刚喷射完基材时必须采取防雨措施。

基于蚯蚓密度调控污泥堆肥重金属有效性研究

目的为探讨不同蚯蚓投放密度对污泥中重金属有效性的影响,为污泥蚯蚓堆肥提供新思路。方法以不同密度赤子爱胜蚓(0,10,20,40条)和0g,25g,50g稻壳为添加剂对2kg污泥进行堆肥,探究不同蚯蚓投放密度下生活污泥重金属有效性变化。结果在一定稻壳添加量下,随蚯蚓密度增加,污泥pH(酸碱度)、OM(有机质)、TN(总氮)、TP(总磷)降低,EC(电导率)增加,随稻壳添加量逐渐增加,与蚯蚓协同作用下污泥pH、OM、TN、TP继续降低;在一定稻壳添加量下,随蚯蚓投放密度增加,污泥Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd总量降低,其中,50g稻壳协同40条蚯蚓堆肥时,Cu、Cd总量降低幅度达到最大,分别为34.04%、35.85%;在一定稻壳添加量下,随蚯蚓投放密度增加,污泥有效态Cu、Zn有升高趋势,有效态Cd有所降低,有效态Pb显著降低(P<0.05),其中,50g稻壳协同40条蚯蚓堆肥时,对污泥中Pb有效性钝化效果最显著,降低达到42.43%;通过相关性和回归分析可知,蚯蚓投放密度增加,通过改变EC影响Cu有效性、改变TN和TP影响Pb、Zn和Cd有效性。结论50g稻壳协同40条蚯蚓共同处理污泥时,对污泥中重金属活性降低效果最佳。

稻壳生物炭/过硫酸盐降解水中四环素的研究

以稻壳为原料,制备了稻壳生物炭,并运用FTIR、XRD等进行表征,详细研究了稻壳生物炭/过硫酸盐体系对水中四环素的去除效果和机制,并对四环素降解过程进行了动力学分析。结果表明,制备的稻壳生物炭对过硫酸盐具有良好的活化性能,能协同过硫酸盐实现四环素的高效去除。稻壳生物炭/过硫酸盐体系对四环素的去除率显著高于单一生物炭、过硫酸盐体系和活性炭/过硫酸盐体系。稻壳生物炭/过硫酸盐体系降解100 mL浓度10 mg/L四环素的最佳工艺条件为:生物炭投加量3 g/L,过硫酸盐投加量12 mmol/L,反应温度60℃,初始溶液pH为5.5,反应时间为120 min。该条件下,四环素的去除率达93.9%。FTIR证实,制备的稻壳生物炭表面富含羟基、羧基等含氧官能团,可活化过硫酸盐产生更多硫酸根自由基。此外,水中共存阴离子对降解过程存在不同程度的抑制作用。动力学分析表明,四环素降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型;自由基猝灭实验证实,反应体系主导自由基为硫酸根自由基。