Mucosa color and size may indicate malignant transformation of chicken skin mucosa-positive colorectal neoplastic polyps

BACKGROUND Lipid metabolism reprogramming is suspected to exist in pre-cancerous lesions,including colorectal adenoma.Screening colonoscopy frequently reveals chicken skin mucosa(CSM;white or yellow-white speckled mucosa)surrounding colo-rectal polyps,caused by macrophages engulfing and accumulating the lipids decomposed by colon cells or adjacent tumors.CSM-positive colorectal polyps are associated with various diseases;however,their prognosis varies greatly.Cold snare polypectomy is commonly used to resect lesions up to 10 to 15 mm in diameter without signs of submucosal invasion but is controversial for CSM-positive colorectal polyps.Improved imaging is required to diagnose and treat CSM-positive colorectal polyps.METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 177 patients with CSM-positive colorectal polyps diagnosed using endoscopy.All patient-related information was extracted from the Goldisc soft-clinic DICOM system or electronic medical record system.Based on the pathological results,patients were classified as non-neoplastic polyps(five juvenile polyps),neoplastic polyps,non-invasive high-grade neoplasia(NHGN),or submucosal invasive carcinoma(SM stage cancer).We analyzed and compared the clinical features,suspected risk factors for malignant transformation of neoplastic polyps,and early infiltration of sub-mucosal carcinoma.RESULTS The diameters of NHGN and SM polyps were much smaller than those of neoplastic polyps.Most NHGN polyps had a deeper red mucosal color.On logistic regression analyses,diameter and deeper red mucosal color were independent risk factors for malignant transformation of neoplastic polyps.Type 1 CSM was more common in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and SM;type 2 CSM was more common in neoplastic polyps.Logistic regression analyses revealed no significant differences in the malignant transformation of neoplastic polyps or early submucosal invasion of CSM-positive colorectal cancer.Changes in the CSM mucosa surrounding neoplastic polyps and submucosal invasion of colorectal cancer disappeared within 12 months.No tumor recurrence was found during either partial or complete endoscopic resection of the CSM.CONCLUSION CSM-positive colorectal polyps>1 cm in diameter or with deeper red mucosa may be related to NHGN.Resection of CSM surrounding colorectal adenomas did not affect tumor recurrence.

Isolation of Lysozyme from Chicken Egg White Using Polyacrylamide-based Cation-exchange Cryogel

An effective cation-exchange chromatographic method for lysozyme isolation from chicken egg white is presented, using supermacroporous cryogel grafted with sulfo functional groups. The chromatographic processes were carried out by one-step and sequential elution, respectively. Sodium phosphate buffer （pH 7.8） containing different concentrations of NaC1 is used as elution agent. The corresponding breakthrough characteristics and elution behaviors in the cryogel bed were investigated and analyzed. Purity of lysozyme in the elution effluent was assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE）. The maximum purity of the obtained lysozyme was about 96%, and the cryogel is demonstrated as a potential separation medium for purification of high-purit lysozyme from chicken egg white.

Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Eggshell Quality in an F_2 Population Derived from Strong and Weak Eggshell Lines of the White Leghorn Chicken Breed

Broken and cracked eggshells cause major economic losses to the egg production industry. An F2 population of 262 hens obtained by crossing a strong egg shell line with a weak egg shell line of the White Leghorn breed was used for detecting the quantitative trait loci （QTL） affecting eggshell quality. The 2 lines were developed from the same founder population by two-way selection for egg shell strength with nondestructive deformation. Of the 1 014 microsatellite markers tested, 35 were mapped on 10 autosomal linkage groups. There was no informative marker on chromosome Z. The QTLs associated with 7 traits, i.e., body weight, short length of egg, long length of egg, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness （EST）, eggshell weight （ESW）, and egg weight （EW）, were identified. Highly significant （P〈0.01） QTLs associated with EST and ESW and a significant （P〈 0.05） QTL associated with EW were mapped to a region flanking ABR0545 and ABR0362 on chromosome 9. These QTLs are good candidates to be employed in the development of strategies for reducing the number of broken and cracked eggs in commercial layer houses by employing marker assisted selection.

Comparisons of the Properties of Whitemouth Croaker (<i>Micropogonias furnieri</i>) Surimi and Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat Surimi-Like Material

The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare the color, texture and sensory characteristics of whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) surimi and mechanically separated chicken meat (MDCM) surimi-like material (SLM). The whiteness of the MDCM-SLM was higher (P > 0.05) than that from the surimi. Higher breaking force (P < 0.05) and gel strength (P < 0.05) were also observed for the MDCM-SLM when compared to the surimi. The deformation did not vary significantly for these two products (P > 0.05). The MDCM-SLM was more accepted by the panelists (P < 0.05). The mean scores of overall desirability for MDCM-SLM was similar to that observed for walleye Pollack surimi that is the parameter of quality. The differences in the acceptability of poultry and fish food products are probably due to peoples’ eating habits.

Chicken skin mucosa surrounding small colorectal cancer could be an endoscopic predictive marker of submucosal invasion

BACKGROUND Chicken skin mucosa(CSM)surrounding colon polyps is a common endoscopic finding with pale yellow-speckled mucosa during a colonoscopy screening.Although reports about CSM surrounding small colorectal cancer are scarce,and its clinical significance in intramucosal and submucosal cancers is unclear,previous studies have suggested it could be an endoscopic predictive marker for colonic neoplastic and advanced polyps.Currently,because of the inaccurate preoperative evaluation by endoscopists,many small colorectal cancers,particularly lesions with a diameter<2 cm,are improperly treated.Therefore,more effective methods are required to better assess the depth of the lesion before treatment.AIM To explore potential markers of small colorectal cancer early invasion under white light endoscopy,providing patients with better treatment alternatives.METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional study included 198 consecutive patients[233 early colorectal cancers(ECCs)]who underwent endoscopy or surgical procedures at the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Chengdu Second People’s Hospital between January 2021 and August 2022.The participants had pathologically confirmed colorectal cancer with a lesion diameter<2 cm and received endoscopic or surgical treatment,including endoscopic mucosal resection and submucosal dissection.Clinical pathology and endoscopy parameters,including tumor size,invasion depth,anatomical position,and morphology,were reviewed.Fisher’s exact test,theχ2 test,and Student’s t-test were used to analyze the patient’s basic characteristics.Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between morphological characteristics,size,CSM prevalence,and ECC invasion depth under white light endoscopy.Statistical significance was set at P<0.05.RESULTS The submucosal carcinoma(SM stage)was larger than the mucosal carcinoma(M stage)with a significant difference(17.2±4.1 vs 13.4±4.6 mm,P<0.01).M-and SM-stage cancers were common in the left colon;however,no significant differences were found between them(151/196,77%and 32/37,86.5%,respectively,P=0.199).The endoscopic features of colorectal cancer revealed that CSM,depressed areas with clear boundaries,and erosion or ulcer bleeding were more common in the SM-stage cancer group than in the M-stage cancer group(59.5%vs 26.2%,46%vs 8.7%,and 27.3%vs 4.1%,respectively,P<0.05).CSM prevalence in this study was 31.3%(73/233).The positive rates of CSM in flat,protruded,and sessile lesions were 18%(11/61),30.6%(30/98),and 43.2%(32/74),respectively,with significant differences(P=0.007).CONCLUSION CSM-related small colorectal cancer was primarily located in the left colon and could be a predictive marker of submucosal invasion in the left colon.

Effects of White-Rot Fungi Composting on Wood Powder-Chicken Manure Mixture

[ Objective] To explore the possibility of treating livestock manure with white-rot fungi. [Method] The wood powder-chicken manure mixture was respectively composted by three kinds of white-rot fungi, the weight of lignin, cellulose, protein, fat, ash and crude polysaccharide as well as the mycelial growth was determined during this process. [ Result] The mixture was better composted with white-rot fungi than the control. The best effect was achieved in P. ostreatus composting group. In this group, the rate of weight reduction, lignin degradation and cellulose degradation were respectively 15.68% （6.79 times as great as that of the control group）, 39.92% （6.54 times as great as that of the control group） and 32.26% （2.77 times as great as that of the control group）. The weight of protein and fat were increased by 31.68% and 146.58%, respectively. The content of crude polysaccharide was 2.43%. No crude polysaccharide was detected, and the weight of protein and fat decreased by 21.96% and 70.99%, respectively. [ Conclusion] It is feasible to compost livestock and poultry manure with white-rot fungi.

隐性白羽鸡新品系选育及其配套利用

采用个体选择与家系选择方法,以生长性能和产蛋性状为主选指标,对隐性白羽鸡基础群进行选育,建立了隐性白羽鸡新品系,再利用隐性白羽鸡新品系作为母本进行二系配套,并测定其性能。结果表明,通过4个世代的选育,隐性白羽鸡新品系初生重降低2.9 g,公鸡15周龄体重降低486.0 g,43周龄体重降低562.9 g;母鸡15周龄体重降低334.6 g,43周龄体重降低404.5 g,开产日龄提前了5.2 d,43周产蛋数提高6.7个。以隐性白羽鸡新品系作为母本的二系配套J×W组的屠宰性能和体尺指标均优于Y×W组。隐性白羽鸡新品系经过4个世代的选育,产蛋性能和体重均得到较大改善,杂交配套效果良好。

不同类型白羽肉鸡肠道形态结构和消化酶活性比较研究

研究旨在比较快大型白羽肉鸡和小型白羽肉鸡小肠黏膜形态结构及消化酶活性的差异。试验选取WOD168和沃德188两个品种同批出雏的公雏作为试验对象,在相同条件下饲养。每个品种于7、35和42日龄三个时间点各随机选取8只进行屠宰,采集胰腺和三段小肠组织。结果显示:沃德1887日龄十二指肠绒毛高度及绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值显著高于WOD168(P<0.05),35日龄空肠绒毛高度显著高于WOD168(P<0.05),42日龄回肠绒毛高度以及绒毛高度与隐窝深度比值显著高于WOD168(P<0.05)。而同一品种35和42日龄的肠绒毛高度显著高于7日龄(P<0.05),此外,35日龄消化酶活性检测结果表明沃德188空肠和回肠脂肪酶活性及回肠胰蛋白酶活性显著高于WOD168(P<0.05),而空肠和回肠α-淀粉酶活性显著低于WOD168(P<0.05)。由此可见,快大型白羽肉鸡比小型白羽肉鸡拥有更高效的饲料转化率和产肉能力,与其肠黏膜形态结构特点和消化道酶活性上的优势可能存在一定的关联。

大理青花鸡肌肉营养成分分析

为系统了解大理青花鸡肉质及营养价值,试验从其保种群中随机挑选60只(公母各半)300日龄健康个体进行屠宰,并对不同性别、不同部位(胸肌、腿肌)肌肉氨基酸、脂肪酸等营养成分含量进行测定。结果显示:大理青花鸡胸腿肌中均检测到16种氨基酸。无论公母,胸肌必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、总氨基酸极显著高于腿肌(P<0.01)。除腿肌必需氨基酸性别间差异不显著外,其余无论胸肌还是腿肌,母鸡必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、总氨基酸均极显著高于公鸡(P<0.01)。除亮氨酸外,其他不同性别及部位,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸的比例均超过FAO/WHO推荐值,符合提出的营养理想模式;公鸡胸腿肌中检测到17种脂肪酸,母鸡胸肌腿肌中检测到18种脂肪酸,同一性别不同部位间,腿肌饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸、总脂肪酸高于胸肌(P>0.05)。同一部位下,母鸡胸肌饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸、总脂肪酸极显著高于公鸡胸肌(P<0.01),母鸡腿肌饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸、总脂肪酸极显著高于公鸡腿肌(P<0.01)。肉类脂肪摄入量多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸应高于0.45。而大理青花鸡为0.561,满足食用要求。综上所述,大理青花母鸡氨基酸略优于公鸡,胸肌氨基酸含量高于腿肌;母鸡脂肪酸略优于公鸡,腿肌脂肪酸含量高于胸肌,即大理青花母鸡胸腿各有优势。

腾冲雪鸡体重与体尺性状的主成分和聚类分析

试验旨在研究腾冲雪鸡体重与体尺性状的关联性以及体型特征。试验采用相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等方法研究30只300日龄健康的公鸡和母鸡的体重及8个体尺指标。结果显示:腾冲雪鸡公鸡和母鸡体重平均值分别为(2689.33±308.49)g和(2016.67±351.44)g,公鸡体重显著高于母鸡(P<0.05)。除胸角外,公鸡其余体尺指标均显著高于母鸡(P<0.05)。主成分分析显示,腾冲雪鸡9个指标可简化为3个主成分,它们在公、母鸡中的累计贡献率分别为73.962%和74.900%;公、母鸡简化的主成分中,以体重、体斜长、胫围、龙骨长、胫长、髋骨宽和胸宽对主成分的贡献最大。聚类分析将测定的公、母鸡指标分别聚为4类。研究表明,腾冲雪鸡体型指数在云南主要地方鸡中处于中等水平,骨骼较大,产肉性能较好,属于体型较大品种,研究结果可为进一步选育腾冲雪鸡提供参考。

金钗石斛多糖对产蛋后期鸡产蛋性能和盲肠微生物群落的影响

为研究金钗石斛多糖对产蛋后期隐性白羽鸡产蛋性能和肠道菌群的影响,饲喂白羽鸡金钗石斛多糖,饲喂期间对白羽鸡的产蛋指标进行记录。饲养60 d后,采集白羽鸡盲肠内容物用于细菌16S rRNA基因测序,并进行生物信息学分析。研究结果表明,与对照相比,金钗石斛多糖处理隐性白羽鸡的总产蛋数、产蛋量、日产蛋量和产蛋率极显著提高(P<0.01)。白羽鸡肠道微生物群落中,属水平上,优势菌属为拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和里氏菌科Rc9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_Rc9_gut group);门水平上,优势菌门为拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)和厚壁菌门(Fimicutes)。与对照相比,金钗石斛多糖处理瘤胃球菌群(Ruminococcus_torques_group)、粪球菌属(Faecalicoccus)与梅迪杆菌属(Merdibacter)等有益菌的相对丰度显著提升(P<0.05),巴恩斯氏菌属(Barnesiella)等致病菌的相对丰度显著降低(P<0.05)。表型预测结果显示,对照白羽鸡肠道微生物群落革兰氏阳性菌相对丰度显著低于金钗石斛多糖处理(P<0.05),而革兰氏阴性菌相对丰度显著高于金钗石斛多糖处理(P<0.05)。由此可以看出,金钗石斛多糖改善了隐性白羽鸡的肠道微生态,提高了产蛋后期鸡的生产性能。

白来航鸡STING基因克隆、生物信息学及组织表达特性分析

【目的】克隆白来航鸡干扰素基因刺激因子基因(stimulator of interferon genes,STING)CDS区序列并进行生物信息学和组织表达分析,为阐明STING基因在抗病毒免疫应答中的作用奠定基础。【方法】采用PCR扩增并克隆白来航鸡STING基因CDS区,测序后对其编码氨基酸序列进行相似性比对及系统进化树构建,利用生物信息学预测STING蛋白的理化特性及结构功能,并利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测STING基因在鸡心脏、肝脏等14个组织中的表达情况。【结果】白来航鸡STING基因CDS区序列全长1140 bp,编码379个氨基酸。相似性比对和系统进化树分析结果表明,白来航鸡STING基因与原鸡的相似性最高(99.7%),亲缘关系最近,与冠小嘴乌鸦亲缘关系最远。STING蛋白为酸性、亲水性蛋白,分子质量为42.625 ku,等电点(pI)为6.67,不稳定系数为69.26,脂肪系数为105.01。该蛋白大部分在线粒体和内质网上合成,含有跨膜结构,不含信号肽。STING蛋白二级结构包括α-螺旋(54.62%)、延伸链(10.29%)、β-转角(3.43%)及无规则卷曲(31.66%)。蛋白互作分析表明,白来航鸡STING蛋白与NFKB1、DDX41、cGAS、TBK1等蛋白存在相互作用。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,STING基因在白来航鸡组织中广泛表达,其中在肺脏中表达量最高,且显著高于其他组织(P<0.05);在胸肌中表达量最低。【结论】本研究成功克隆了白来航鸡STING基因,其CDS区序列全长1140 bp,编码379个氨基酸。白来航鸡STING蛋白为酸性、亲水性蛋白,含有跨膜结构。STING基因在白来航鸡肺脏中表达量最高。研究结果为深入探究白来航鸡STING基因编码蛋白功能提供了材料。

巴氏杀菌工艺对白切鸡食用品质及货架期的影响

为研究不同巴氏杀菌工艺(85℃20 min、75℃30 min)对白切鸡食用品质及货架期的影响,将样品置于0~4℃贮藏0-30-40 d,测定pH、色度、质构、挥发性风味物质、挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、菌落总数及感官品质。结果表明,经巴氏杀菌工艺处理的白切鸡pH变化稳定,菌落总数较低,TVB-N生成量较低。通过与对照组相比,两组不同处理的巴氏杀菌工艺均不会对白切鸡的颜色、硬度和咀嚼性等食用特性产生明显趋势性的影响,感官评分与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05)。同时,本研究比较出了两种不同巴氏杀菌工艺的相对优越性,证明以85℃杀菌处理20 min的工艺条件对抑制产品中的微生物生长、延长白切鸡的货架期以及减少贮藏期间鸡肉食用品质的劣变具有明显的作用。

不同地方品种鸡白痢阳性鸡沙门氏菌的分离及药敏试验

为了解广西六个地方品种鸡沙门氏菌的感染和耐药状况,从广西各地收集灵山麻鸡、广西三黄鸡、南丹瑶鸡、东兰乌鸡、容县霞烟鸡、天峨六画山鸡六个地方品种90份样品作为研究对象,每个品种选择15只临床表现健康的成年鸡进行鸡白痢血清学检测,再从检测为鸡白痢阳性鸡中随机抽取2只鸡进行剖检,采集病料分离沙门氏菌,并对分离菌株进行药物敏感试验。结果表明:检测六个地方品种90个样品,阳性样品22份,样品鸡白痢阳性率为24.44%,六个地方品种中广西三黄鸡个体阳性率最高,为46.67%;采集12个鸡白痢阳性鸡的病料,分离出4株沙门氏菌,鸡白痢阳性鸡沙门氏菌检出率为33.33%,检出率最高的鸡品种是广西三黄鸡为100%。4株分离菌药敏试验结果显示,4株分离菌均对头孢曲松、头孢哌酮、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星高度敏感,对阿莫西林、庆大霉素、四环素和新霉素具有不同程度耐药性。可见,被调查的广西六个地方品种源养殖场鸡白痢沙门氏菌感染依然存在且比较严重,而且分离菌对多种药物具有不同程度的耐药性,养殖户要根据实际加强鸡白痢净化工作,定期进行沙门氏菌的药敏性试验,选择高效敏感药物进行防控,以提高养殖效益。

宁都黄鸡禽白血病和鸡白痢的监测与分析

为了解宁都黄鸡禽白血病和鸡白痢的流行情况,于2023年在宁都黄鸡规模化养殖场N1、宁都黄鸡散养场N2共采集样本866份,其中387份血清样品和479份蛋清样品。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对禽白血病p27抗原和J亚型禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)抗体进行检测,采用平板凝集试验(SPA)对鸡白痢抗体进行检测。结果表明,蛋清中禽白血病p27抗原总阳性率为7.1%,宁都黄鸡规模化养殖场N1种蛋带毒率较低,曾祖代、祖代和父母代种蛋带毒率均≦5.0%。血清中ALV-J抗体总阳性率为54.4%,鸡白痢抗体总阳性率为7.0%,宁都黄鸡规模化养殖场N1的鸡群此阶段鸡白痢抗体被检测为全阴性。宁都黄鸡存在感染禽白血病和鸡白痢现状,规模化养殖通过多种净化措施对降低禽白血病和鸡白痢的阳性率具有良好效果,各散养场需及时建立有效净化方案,以减少禽白血病和鸡白痢带来的经济损失。

云龙白羽乌骨鸡肉质特性分析

该文介绍云南省大理州云龙白羽乌骨鸡的肉质特性,包括其肌肉多汁性、口感鲜美等特点,并全面分析了其食用价值。该鸡肉品种独特的肉质特性使其在烹饪过程中能够更好地保持水分,为消费者带来更加鲜美的食用体验。该文还分析了云龙白羽乌骨鸡肉质特性的优化与提升方法。这些措施有助于提升白羽乌骨鸡的健康水平和鸡肉品质,满足消费者的健康需求。该文全面介绍了云龙白羽乌骨鸡的肉质特性及其优化与提升方法,旨在为相关领域的研究和实践提供有益的指导和建议。通过对饲养管理、品种改良与选育以及加工技术与烹饪方法创新等方面的探讨,旨在推动白羽乌骨鸡产业的进一步发展,为消费者提供更加优质的食用选择。

日粮中添加植物精油对肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和肠道形态结构的影响

为研究日粮中添加植物精油对白羽肉鸡生长性能、免疫功能和肠道形态结构的影响,试验将240只1日龄体重接近的健康白羽肉鸡随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复10只鸡。4个处理组分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组),基础日粮+400 mg/kg(试验Ⅰ组)、600 mg/kg(试验Ⅱ组)和800 mg/kg(试验Ⅲ组)的植物精油(主要成分为茶树精油、肉桂醛和香芹酚),试验为期42 d。研究表明:(1)42日龄时,对照组与试验Ⅰ~Ⅲ组的初始体重、终末体重、平均日增重和料重比均差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的平均日采食量显著高于对照组和Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组的末重均高于其他各组,料重比低于其他各组,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。(2)21日龄时,试验Ⅱ组的脾脏指数显著高于其他各组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,Ⅱ组的胸腺指数和法氏囊指数各提高了12.6%和19.3%;42日龄时,整个试验阶段,与对照组相比,添加植物精油对脾脏指数、胸腺指数和法氏囊指数均无显著影响(P>0.05)。(3)42日龄时,与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组空肠的绒毛高度提高30.1%(P<0.05),隐窝深度降低21.2%(P<0.05);试验各组的空肠肠壁厚度差异不显著(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组回肠的绒毛高度和肠壁厚度分别显著提高31.3%和10.4%(P<0.05);添加植物精油对各组隐窝深度无显著影响(P>0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加植物精油可以提高白羽肉鸡生长性能和免疫功能,保持肠道结构完整性,日粮中复方植物精油的适宜添加水平为600 mg/kg。

复方中药提取物对感染大肠杆菌白羽鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及回肠炎性因子mRNA表达的影响

文章旨在研究复方中药提取物对感染大肠杆菌白羽鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及回肠炎性因子mRNA表达的影响,试验将60只60日龄白羽鸡随机分为3组,每组20只(每组分3笼饲养,每笼分别饲养7、7、6只),分别记为健康对照组、感染对照组和复方中药组。除健康对照组外,其余2组每羽腹腔注射2 mL大肠杆菌菌液,观察鸡只反应,待出现明显腹泻症状时开始给药。复方中药组按照100 g/L(以生药量计算)饮水给药,连用3 d,健康对照组和感染对照组不给药。结果显示,感染对照组和复方中药组鸡只接种后均出现腹泻症状,给药第3天,复方中药组粪便分数恢复到与健康对照组相似水平;与感染对照组相比,复方中药组可显著改善鸡只体重下降(P<0.05),显著降低鸡只血清中ALT、AST和LDH活性(P<0.05),显著下调回肠炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α基因mRNA表达(P<0.05),显著上调回肠抑炎因子IL-10和TGF-β基因mRNA表达(P<0.05)。综上所述,复方中药提取物能缓解大肠杆菌引起的白羽鸡体重下降和肝肾损伤,并通过抑制肠道促炎因子分泌,以及促进抑炎因子分泌来缓解鸡肠道炎症损伤。因此,复方中药提取物对大肠杆菌感染具有理想的治疗作用。

鸡胚心脏组织转录组数据鉴定雪域白鸡高原低氧适应性关键基因

旨在通过分析白来航(White Leghorn,WL)和雪域白鸡(Xueyu White chicken,XYW)在低氧条件下孵化时胚胎心脏组织的基因表达差异,挖掘鸡胚低氧适应候选基因。本研究在高海拔环境孵化雪域白鸡和白来航鸡种蛋,采集孵化第16天胚胎心脏组织,提取RNA,进行转录组测序(RNA-seq),筛选差异表达基因(DEGs),并对其进行荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)验证、功能富集分析和构建转录因子-靶基因调控网络,鉴定与雪域白鸡低氧适应相关的候选基因。在雪域白鸡和白来航鸡的心脏组织之间筛选到253个DEGs,随机选择5个DEGs进行qRT-PCR验证,表达趋势与测序结果一致。功能富集分析表明,DEGs主要涉及心血管发育和心脏功能相关的生物学过程和信号通路。将DEGs和已知的鸡转录因子对比,筛选到FOXP2和HOXA2,参与调控血管生成、心肌收缩等,对雪域白鸡胚胎低氧适应起关键作用。本研究通过鸡胚心脏组织转录组数据分析,鉴定到TENM2、NOG、SMOC1、CCBE1等鸡胚高原低氧适应候选基因,为解析雪域白鸡高原低氧适应分子机制提供理论依据。

2个杂交鸡种生长性能比较与生长曲线模型建立

【目的】利用茶花鸡2号E系公鸡、腾冲雪鸡白肉公鸡分别与狄高D系母鸡杂交得到Y系和N系鸡,评定2种杂交后代生长性能,为探究最具优势的杂交后代生长发育规律提供理论参考。【方法】以同日出雏的Y系鸡和N系鸡作为研究对象,测定0~29周龄体重指标,记录生长发育情况;并在60、90和120日龄,随机挑选Y系和N系公鸡和母鸡各30只,测定体尺指标,比较2种鸡的差异及相关性,确定最具优势的杂交后代;利用Logistic、Gompertz和von Bertalanffy等3种非线性生长模型对其不同性别下的体重进行曲线拟合,求得最佳生长曲线模型。【结果】0~29周龄体重生长曲线中,Y系的公鸡体重明显优于N系,Y系的母鸡体重略优于N系。体重和体尺指标测定结果显示,Y系鸡和N系鸡均为公鸡极显著大于母鸡(P<0.01),且同一性别下Y系鸡明显优于N系鸡。用具杂交优势的Y系鸡作生长曲线拟合分析,von Bertalanffy模型拟合值更接近实测值,是Y系鸡最佳生长曲线模型。体重与体尺指标相关分析显示,Y系鸡的体重与胫围间具有较高相关性,因此,可将胫围作为Y系鸡选育的参考标准。【结论】Y系鸡即茶花鸡2号E系公鸡与狄高D系母鸡的杂交改良效果优于N系鸡即腾冲雪鸡白肉公鸡与狄高D系母鸡的杂交改良效果,且von Bertalanffy生长曲线拟合模型能更准确地模拟Y系鸡生长发育规律,确定为最佳生长曲线模型。