Objective:To determine the epidemiology of ixodid ticks in bovines of different agroclimatic zones of Punjab state,India.Methods:A total of 4 459 cattle of all age groups and sex were examined from eighteen districts ...Objective:To determine the epidemiology of ixodid ticks in bovines of different agroclimatic zones of Punjab state,India.Methods:A total of 4 459 cattle of all age groups and sex were examined from eighteen districts of five major agro-climatic zones of Punjab state,India.Results:The overall prevalence of ixodid ticks,Rhipicephalus microplus(R.microplus),Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum(H.a.anatolicum)and mixed infestation were 58.06%,50.16%,11.34%and 3.45%,respectively.Among the various agro-climatic zones highest prevalence rate of R.microplus and H.a.anatolicum were recorded in submountain undulating region(79.36%)and western region(20.40%),respectively indicating that R.microplus prefers a hot and humid environment whereas,arid and semi arid conditions suit better for H.a.anatolicum.The overall prevalence of ixodid ticks was highest in monsoon season(83.74%),followed by summer(69.01%)and least in winters(31.64%)and a significant variation(P<0.01)was also observed;whereas,maximum prevalence of R.microplus and H.a.anatolicum were recorded in monsoon(72.42%)and summers(18.06%),respectively,Among the various age groups maximum tick infestation was recorded in calves<6 months of age(72.59%),followed by 6 months-1 year age group(61.74%)and least in>1 year age group(55.02%)and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01),Also a significantly higher(P<0.01)infestation rates of ixodid ticks was observed in males.Conclusions:The findings of the current study would provide a basis for evolving effective control strategy for the management of ticks in bovines of the region.展开更多
文摘Objective:To determine the epidemiology of ixodid ticks in bovines of different agroclimatic zones of Punjab state,India.Methods:A total of 4 459 cattle of all age groups and sex were examined from eighteen districts of five major agro-climatic zones of Punjab state,India.Results:The overall prevalence of ixodid ticks,Rhipicephalus microplus(R.microplus),Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum(H.a.anatolicum)and mixed infestation were 58.06%,50.16%,11.34%and 3.45%,respectively.Among the various agro-climatic zones highest prevalence rate of R.microplus and H.a.anatolicum were recorded in submountain undulating region(79.36%)and western region(20.40%),respectively indicating that R.microplus prefers a hot and humid environment whereas,arid and semi arid conditions suit better for H.a.anatolicum.The overall prevalence of ixodid ticks was highest in monsoon season(83.74%),followed by summer(69.01%)and least in winters(31.64%)and a significant variation(P<0.01)was also observed;whereas,maximum prevalence of R.microplus and H.a.anatolicum were recorded in monsoon(72.42%)and summers(18.06%),respectively,Among the various age groups maximum tick infestation was recorded in calves<6 months of age(72.59%),followed by 6 months-1 year age group(61.74%)and least in>1 year age group(55.02%)and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01),Also a significantly higher(P<0.01)infestation rates of ixodid ticks was observed in males.Conclusions:The findings of the current study would provide a basis for evolving effective control strategy for the management of ticks in bovines of the region.
