A new nano approach to prevent tumor growth in the local treatment of glioblastoma: Temozolomide and rutin-loaded hybrid layered composite nanofiber

Total resection of glioblastoma(GB)tumors is nearly impossible,and systemic administration of temozolomide(TMZ)is often inadequate.This study presents a hybrid layered composite nanofiber network(LHN)designed for localized treatment in GB tumor bed.The LHN,consisting of polyvinyl alcohol and core-shell polylactic acid layers,was loaded with TMZ and rutin.In vitro analysis revealed that LHN^(TMZ) and LHNrutin decelerated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and growth of stem-like cells,while the combination,LHN^(TMZ)+rutin,significantly reduced sphere size compared to untreated and LHNTMZ-treated cells(P<0.0001).In an orthotopic C6-induced GB rat model,LHNTMZ+rutin therapy demonstrated a more pronounced tumor-reducing effect than LHNTMZ alone.Tumor volume,assessed by magnetic resonance imaging,was significantly reduced in LHN^(TMZ)+rutin-treated rats compared to untreated controls.Structural changes in tumor mitochondria,reduced membrane potential,and decreased PARP expression indicated the activation of apoptotic pathways in tumor cells,which was further confirmed by a reduction in PHH3,indicating decreased mitotic activity of tumor cells.Additionally,the local application of LHNs in the GB model mitigated aggressive tumor features without causing local tissue inflammation or adverse systemic effects.This was evidenced by a decrease in the angiogenesismarker CD31,the absence of inflammation or necrosis in H&E staining of the cerebellum,increased production of IFN-γ,decreased levels of interleukin-4 in splenic T cells,and lower serum AST levels.Our findings collectively indicate that LHN^(TMZ)+rutin is a promising biocompatible model for the local treatment of GB.

Recent progress of hybrid cathode interface layer for organic solar cells

Organic solar cells(OSCs)have gained conspicuous progress during the past few decades due to the development of materials and upgrading of the device structure.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the single-junction device had surpassed 19%.The cathode interface layer(CIL),by optimizing the connection between the active layer and the cathode electrode,has become a momentous part to strengthen the performances of the OSCs.Simultaneously,CIL is also indispensable to illustrating the working mechanism of OSCs and enhancing the stability of the OSCs.In this essay,hybrid CILs in OSCs have been summarized.Firstly,the advancement and operating mechanism of OSCs,and the effects and relevant design rules of CIL are briefly concluded;secondly,the significant influence of CIL on enhancing the stability and PCE of OSCs is presented;thirdly,the characteristics of organic hybrid CIL and organic-inorganic hybrid CIL are introduced.Finally,the conclusion and outlook of CIL are summarized.

Dual-layer vermiculite nanosheet based hybrid film to suppress dendrite growth in lithium metal batteries

Lithium metal anode has become a favorable candidate for next-generation rechargeable batteries.However, the unstable interface between lithium metal and electrolyte leads to the growth of dendrites,resulting in the low Coulombic efficiency and even the safety concerns. Herein, a rigid-flexible dual-layer vermiculite nanosheet(VN) based organic-inorganic hybrid film on lithium metal anode is proposed to suppress dendrite growth and relieve volume fluctuations. The inner mechanically robust VN layer(3 μm thick) enhances the mechanical properties of the protective layer, while the outer polymer(4 μm thick) can enhance the flexibility of the hybrid layer. The Li | Li symmetric cell with protected lithium shows an extended life of over 670 h. The full cell with Li anode protected by dual-layer interface exhibits a better capacity retention of 80% after 174 cycles in comparison to bare Li anode with 94 cycles.This study provides a novel approach and a significant step towards prolonging lifespan of lithium metal batteries.

Mechanical Properties of Layered Steel Fiber and Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete

To explore a new structure form of fiber reinforced concrete, namely, the layered steel fiber and layered hybrid fiber reinforced concrete （LSFRC and LHFRC）, the mechanical properties of LSFRC and LHFRC, such as compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, fatigue and durability were focused on. The experimental results show that LSFRC and LHFRC can improve the flexural strength of concrete by 20%-50%. In the aspect of improving the flexural strength of concrete, adulterant rate has more obvious effect than length/diameter ratio. Double logarithmic fatigue equation considered liveability was founded. The impermeability of LHFRC is superior to LSFRC and plain concrete （C）. However, the porosity of LHFRC is lower than LSFRC and C. The shrinkage of LHFRC at every age is obviously lower than C. The antifreeze durability of LHFRC is also better than C.

Mechanical Properties of Layered Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete

To improve the mechanical properties of concrete,Layered Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete (LHFRC) was developed in this paper.Through comparative tests,the effects of layered hybrid fibers on a series of mechanical properties of concrete were discussed.The mechanical properties include compressive strength,tensile strength,flexural strength,compressive stress-strain relationship,flexural toughness and cracking resistance of concrete.The testing results and analysis demonstrate that layered hybrid fibers can significantly improve the flexural strength,toughness and cracking resistance of concrete while the cost of concrete increases slightly.

Flexural Fatigue Behavior of Layered Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Concrete

In order to obtain the fatigue life of layered hybrid fiber reinforced concrete （LHFRC） at different stress levels, flexural fatigue tests were carried out on specimens. The relation between fatigue lives and stress levels was simulated using the two-parameter Weibull distribution. Furthermore, both single- logarithmic and double-logarithmic regressive equations of various reliabilities were derived. It is evident that LHFRC gets the advantage of longer fatigue life over common concrete.

Cooperative Jamming for Physical Layer Security in Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Relay Networks

To integrate the satellite communications with the LTE/5G services, the concept of Hybrid Satellite Terrestrial Relay Networks(HSTRNs) has been proposed. In this paper, we investigate the secure transmission in a HSTRN where the eavesdropper can wiretap the transmitted messages from both the satellite and the intermediate relays. To effectively protect the message from wiretapping in these two phases, we consider cooperative jamming by the relays, where the jamming signals are optimized to maximize the secrecy rate under the total power constraint of relays. In the first phase, the Maximal Ratio Transmission(MRT) scheme is used to maximize the secrecy rate, while in the second phase, by interpolating between the sub-optimal MRT scheme and the null-space projection scheme, the optimal scheme can be obtained via an efficient one-dimensional searching method. Simulation results show that when the number of cooperative relays is small, the performance of the optimal scheme significantly outperforms that of MRT and null-space projection scheme. When the number of relays increases, the performance of the null-space projection approaches that of the optimal one.

Synthesis and Characterization of Layered Perovskite-type Organic-inorganic Hybrids (R-NH_3)_2(CH_3NH_3)Pb_2I_7

Layered organic-inorganic hybrids containing bilayer perovsikte （R-NH3）2（CH3NH3）Pb2I7 （where R=C12H25,C6H5C2H4） were synthesized by reactions in solution. The influences of the solvents and the reactant ratio on the structures of the products were investigated. The structures and the properties of the hybrids were characterized using X-ray diffraction （XRD） and ultraviolet and visible （UV） adsorption spectra. For comparing with the bilayer perovskite hybrids in structure and band gap magnitude, the hybrids containing monolayer perovskite （R-NH3）2PbI4 were also synthesized and characterized. The results demonstrate that the thickness of inorganic layer has obvious effect on the tunneling magnitude of the band gap but the organic part can be micro actuator of band gap.

Optimization for sound insulation of a sandwich plate with a corrugation and auxetic honeycomb hybrid core

A sandwich plate with a corrugation and auxetic honeycomb hybrid core is constructed,and its sound insulation and optimization are investigated.First,the motion governing equation of the sandwich plate is established by the third-order shear deformation theory(TSDT),and then combined with the fluid-structure coupling conditions,and the sound insulation is solved.The theoretical results are validated by COMSOL simulation results,and the effects of the structural parameter on the sound insulation are analyzed.Finally,the standard genetic algorithm is adopted to optimize the sound insulation of the sandwich plate.

Process analysis of direct laser melting to fabricate layered hybrid beads

The successful fabrication of layered hybrid beads by DLM process is limited by dissimilar melting ranges of different powders.For the application of DLM process into manufacturing industries,target mechanical properties of final product must be achieved.Process analysis was performed for the DLM fabrication of layered hybrid beads by using stainless steel (SS 316L) and titanium powders.For the analysis of fabrication characteristics,single hybrid bead was formed using SS316L powder onto the base plate and then Ti powder was melted onto the previous melted layer.In addition,multi-layer hybrid beads were fabricated for the analysis of the layering effects between them.From these studies,the effects of the processing parameters,such as laser power,scan rate and scan line spacing on surface morphology were characterized and optimum processing conditions for the DLM fabrication of layered hybrid beads were developed.

Modification of the Hybridization Gap by Twisted Stacking of Quintuple Layers in a Three-Dimensional Topological Insulator Thin Film

Twisting the stacking of layered materials leads to rich new physics. A three-dimensional topological insulator film hosts two-dimensional gapless Dirac electrons on top and bottom surfaces, which, when the film is below some critical thickness, will hybridize and open a gap in the surface state structure. The hybridization gap can be tuned by various parameters such as film thickness and inversion symmetry, according to the literature. The three-dimensional strong topological insulator Bi(Sb)Se(Te) family has layered structures composed of quintuple layers(QLs) stacked together by van der Waals interaction. Here we successfully grow twistedly stacked Sb_2Te_3 QLs and investigate the effect of twist angels on the hybridization gaps below the thickness limit. It is found that the hybridization gap can be tuned for films of three QLs, which may lead to quantum spin Hall states.Signatures of gap-closing are found in 3-QL films. The successful in situ application of this approach opens a new route to search for exotic physics in topological insulators.

Synthesis and Characterization of Layered Perovskite-type Organic-inorganic Hybrids(CnH2n+1NH3)2(CH3NH3)m-1PbmI3m+1(n=5-10,m=1,2)

Layered organic-inorganic hybrids（CnH2n＋1NH3）2（CH3NH3）m-1PbmI3m＋1 containing monolayer（m=1） and bilayer（m=2） perovsikte were synthesized by reactions in solution.The influences of the reactant ratio,solvent,reaction temperature,and reaction time on the structures of the products were investigated.The structures and the properties of the hybrids were characterized using X-ray diffraction（XRD）,scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,and ultraviolet and visible（UV） absorption spectroscopy.The XRD patterns and the SEM images demonstrate that the pure bilayer perovskite hybrids are obtained.The UV-vis spectra indicate that the number of the inorganic perovskite layer（m） has greater impact on the band gap than the number of the carbon atoms（n）.The band gap of bilayer hybrids（around 1.9 eV） is significantly less than that of monolayer hybrids（around 2.2 eV）.

Hybrid Laser Technology for Creation of Doped Biomedical Layers

Hybrid laser technologies for deposition of thin films and basic schemes of combination of pulsed laser deposition (PLD) with magnetron sputtering and RF discharges or two lasers or three laser deposition systems are presented. Experiences with deposition of chromium doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) films for coating of prostheses are described. Layers of different chromium concentrations were prepared using hybrid systems (PLD + magnetron sputtering or by double PLD). Results of physical and mechanical characterization of film properties and biomedical tests of trivalent and toxic hexavalent chromium are given. Experiences with double laser deposition of DLC layers doped with silver are also mentioned.

双层混合配筋偏压混凝土柱正截面承载力试验及理论计算

为研究普通钢筋与玻璃纤维增强复合材料(GFRP)筋双层混合配筋混凝土柱的偏心受压性能,对3种双层配筋形式的混凝土柱进行了偏心受压静载试验;对比分析了双层混合配筋混凝土柱与双层单一配筋混凝土柱的偏压破坏过程、侧向变形以及荷载-应变关系等试验结果,推导了双层混合配筋偏压混凝土柱正截面承载力计算公式。结果表明:在相同配筋率下,双层混合配筋柱极限承载力明显高于纯钢筋柱,纯GFRP筋柱极限承载力最小;双层纯钢筋柱的侧向变形最小,纯GFRP筋柱的侧向变形最大,混合配筋柱介于二者之间;双层混合配筋柱正截面平均应变分布仍符合平截面假定;提出的受压承载力计算公式预测值与试验实测值吻合较好,二者比值的均值为0.98,变异系数为0.076;研究成果可为双层混合配筋柱的实际工程应用提供一定的理论基础。

Comparison of perfectly matched layer and multi-transmitting formula artificial boundary condition based on hybrid finite element formulation

The theory of perfectly matched layer （PML） artificial boundary condition （ABC）, which is characterized by absorption any wave motions with arbitrary frequency and arbitrarily incident angle, is introduced. The construction process of PML boundary based on elastodynamic partial differential equation （PDE） system is developed. Combining with velocity-stress hybrid finite element formulation, the applicability of PML boundary is investigated and the numerical reflection of PML boundary is estimated. The reflectivity of PML and multi-transmitting formula （MTF） boundary is then compared based on body wave and surface wave simulations. The results show that although PML boundary yields some reflection, its absorption performance is superior to MTF boundary in the numerical simulations of near-fault wave propagation, especially in comer and large angle grazing incidence situations. The PML boundary does not arise any unstable phenomenon and the stability of PML boundary is better than MTF boundary in hybrid finite element method. For a specified problem and analysis tolerance, the computational efficiency of PML boundary is only a little lower than MTF boundary.

一种多层Hybrid Ring结构功分器/合路器的设计

针对传统的高功率功分器易烧毁和相位差较大等性能的缺点,提出了一种能够承受高功率和更好性能的多层Hybrid Ring结构四路功分器的设计。避免了传统威尔金森功分器在输入功率不平衡时,烧毁隔离电阻,从而导致整个发射系统崩溃的现象发生,同时还显示较好的相位一致性。从而提高了整个功放系统的稳定性和技术指标。通过实际测试得到在1~3 GHz的频率范围,四路功分/合路器插入损耗低于6.3 dB,相移精度小于＋/？0.3o,驻波比小于1.3的较好实验结果,它能够广泛应用到无线通讯和相控阵雷达组件中,具有很高的应用价值。

斜入射高衍射效率双层衍射光学元件优化方法

针对双层衍射光学元件传统优化方法斜入射时衍射效率偏低的问题,基于双层衍射光学元件衍射效率与入射角度及波长的理论关系模型,提出了角度优化设计方法。通过分析设计过程中不同入射角和微结构高度对衍射效率的影响,优化选取微结构高度,显著提高了大视场下的衍射效率。为了验证上述理论,采用长短波衍射效率相等法、带宽积分平均衍射效率最大法以及提出的角度优化设计方法,分别对可见光波段和红外波段的双层衍射光学元件进行设计。结果表明,角度优化设计方法能够有效提高双层衍射光学元件的角度带宽积分平均衍射效率,进而提高光学系统的成像质量。最后,基于角度优化设计方法设计了长焦折衍混合系统,实现了高衍射效率下的高像质折衍混合系统。

混合阻塞变刚度软手指设计与实验

为了解决单一阻塞介质变刚度软机械手抓取复杂外形物体效果不佳的问题,受人体手指结构启发,设计了一种仿指腹结构的混合阻塞变刚度软手指。将其设计为双层结构,外层为气动驱动器,内层为基于主动层干扰与被动颗粒阻塞的混合阻塞变刚度层,使得软手指自动贴合被抓取对象,实现主动驱动的被动适应,并通过调整刚度实现可靠抓取。基于传统缝纫工艺,采用超弹性硅胶材料制造软手指。采用Euler-Bernoulli梁理论和虚功原理,建立了基于悬臂梁结构下的多材料软手指的刚度控制模型,并据此提出增大整体刚度的材料筛选方法。弯曲特性实验表明软手指的弯曲性能优异。变刚度和抓取实验结果表明,混合阻塞软手指刚度增大4.6倍,建立的刚度模型最大相对误差为3.4%;在抓取对象表面粗糙度增大的条件下,软手指拉脱力仍增大17%,达到1.7 N;相较于单阻塞介质软手指,抓取成功率和承载能力均得到显著提高。