The present study explored the impacts of Ile on muscle fatty acid and amino acid profiles,lipid metabolism,and autophagy in hybrid catfish.Seven isonitrogenous(387.8 g/kg protein)semi-purified diets were formulated t...The present study explored the impacts of Ile on muscle fatty acid and amino acid profiles,lipid metabolism,and autophagy in hybrid catfish.Seven isonitrogenous(387.8 g/kg protein)semi-purified diets were formulated to contain 5.0(control),7.5,10.0,12.5,15.0,17.5,and 20.0 g Ile/kg diet respectively.The fish(initial weight of 33.11±0.09 g)were randomly assigned to 7 groups for a 56-day trial.Each group has 3 replicates with 30 fish per replicate,fed at 08:00 and 18:00 each day.Results showed that muscle protein and lipid,C14:0,C18:0,C22:0,C14:1,C18:1n-9,polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA),Arg,Ile,Ala,Cys,Gly,Tyr,essential amino acid(EAA),and total amino acid(TAA)contents and flavor amino acid(FAA)/TAA in muscle had positive linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary Ile levels(P<0.05).Fatty acid synthase(FAS),stearoyl-Co A desaturase(SCD),acetyl-Co A carboxylase(ACC),and lipoprotein lipase(LPL)activities had positive linear and/or quadratic responses,but carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1(CPT1)activity had a negative response with increasing dietary Ile levels(P<0.05).The m RNA expressions of FAS,SCD,ACC,LPL,fatty acid binding protein 4(FABP4),FATP1,sterol response element-binding protein 1c(SREBP-1c),sequestosome 1(SQSTM1),and adenosine 5’-monophosphateactivated protein kinase(AMPK)had positive linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary Ile levels(P<0.05).The m RNA expressions of hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL),CPT1,peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor a(PPARa),PPARγ,uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1(ULK1),beclin1(Becn1),autophagy-related protein 9a(Atg9a),Atg4b,Atg7,autophagy marker light chain 3 B(LC3B),and SQSTM1in muscle had negative linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary Ile levels(P<0.05).The p-AMPK and ULK1 protein levels,and p-AMPK/AMPK were decreased by 12.5 g Ile/kg in the diet(P<0.05).Finally,SQSTM1 protein level had the opposite effect(P<0.05).The above results indicate that dietary Ile improves fish muscle fatty acid and amino acid profiles potentially via respectively regulating lipid metabolism and autophagy.The Ile requirement of hybrid catfish(33 to 72 g)were estimated to be 12.63,13.77,13.75,11.45,10.50,12.53 and 12.21 g/kg diet based on the regression analysis of protein,lipid,SFA,PUFA,FAA,EAA,and TAA muscle contents,respectively.展开更多
Background:Muscle is the complex and heterogeneous tissue,which comprises the primary edible part of the trunk of fish and mammals.Previous studies have shown that dietary isoleucine(Ile)exerts beneficial effects on g...Background:Muscle is the complex and heterogeneous tissue,which comprises the primary edible part of the trunk of fish and mammals.Previous studies have shown that dietary isoleucine(Ile)exerts beneficial effects on growth in aquatic animals.However,there were limited studies regarding the benefits of Ile on fish muscle and their effects on flesh quality and muscle growth.Thus,this study was conducted to explore whether dietary Ile had affected flesh quality and muscle growth in hybrid bagrid catfish(Pelteobagrus vachelli♀×Leiocassis longirostris♂).Methods:A total of 630 hybrid fish,with an initial average body weight of 33.11±0.09 g,were randomly allotted into seven experimental groups with three replicates each,and respectively fed seven diets with 5.0,7.5,10.0,12.5,15.0,17.5,and 20.0 g Ile/kg diets for 8 weeks.Results:In the present study,we demonstrated that Ile significantly:(1)increased muscle protein and lipid contents and the frequency distribution of myofibers with≤20μm and≥50μm of diameter;(2)improved pH value,shear force,cathepsin B and L activities,hydroxyproline content,resilience,cohesiveness,and decreased cooking loss,lactate content,hardness,springiness,gumminess,and chewiness;(3)decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA),and protein carbonyl(PC)contents,GCLC and Keap1 mRNA levels,and up-regulated CuZnSOD,CAT,GPX1a,GST,and Nrf2 mRNA levels;(4)up-regulated the insulin-like growth factor 1,2(IGF-1,IGF-2),insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF-1R),proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),Myf5,Myod,Myog,Mrf4,and MyHC mRNA levels,and decreased MSTN mRNAlevel;(5)increased muscle protein deposition by activating AKT-TOR-S6K1 and AKT-FOXO3a signaling pathways.Conclusion:These results revealed that dietary Ile improved flesh quality,which might be due to increasing nutritional content,physicochemical,texture parameters,and antioxidant ability;promoting muscle growth by affecting myocytes hyperplasia and hypertrophy,and muscle protein deposition associated with protein synthesis and degradation signaling pathways.Finally,the quadratic regression analysis of chewiness,ROS,and protein contents against dietary Ile levels suggested that the optimal dietary Ile levels for hybrid bagrid catfish was estimated to be 14.19,12.36,and 12.78 g/kg diet,corresponding to 36.59,31.87,and 32.96 g/kg dietary protein,respectively.展开更多
This study was to evaluate the potential of a host-associated Bacillus velezensis as a probiotic for hybrid yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco♀×Pelteobagrus vachelli♂).Diets(B0 to B5)containing 0,0.90×...This study was to evaluate the potential of a host-associated Bacillus velezensis as a probiotic for hybrid yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco♀×Pelteobagrus vachelli♂).Diets(B0 to B5)containing 0,0.90×10^(8),0.80×109,0.85×10^(10),0.90×10^(11),0.83×10^(12)CFU/kg B.velezensis YFI-E109 were fed to the fish with initial weight(3.07±0.08 g)in a recirculating aquaculture system for six weeks with three replicates,respectively.Probiotic effects were analyzed based on growth,body composition,liver and gut morphology,gut microbiome,and liver metabolome.Analysis of the bacterial genome has shown that the most abundant genes in B.velezensis YFI-E109 were distributed in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.Fish in groups B3 and B4 had better growth performance,and higher intestinal amylase(AMS)and lipase(LPS)activities compared with other groups(P<0.05).Fish in groups B0 and B5 showed significant liver damage,while this status improved in group B3.The liver malondialdehyde(MDA)content in group B3 was lower than that in other groups(P<0.05).The abundance of Mycoplasma,Ralstonia and Acinetobacter was significantly reduced in B3 and B5 compared to B0.The amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were enriched in group B3 compared with group B0.In conclusion,dietary B.velezensis YFI-E109 supplementation has the potential to improve growth,liver metabolism,and liver and gut health,and reshape the gut microbiome of hybrid yellow catfish.Excessive B.velezensis YFI-E109 reduced the prebiotic effects.The recommended dietary supplementation of B.velezensis YFI-E109 is 0.31×10^(10) to 0.77×10^(11)CFU/kg for hybrid yellow catfish according to the quadratic regression method by plotting specific growth rate(SGR),feed conversion ratio(FCR),MDA and activities of AMS against dietary B.velezensis YFI-E109 levels.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32172987)National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0900200)。
文摘The present study explored the impacts of Ile on muscle fatty acid and amino acid profiles,lipid metabolism,and autophagy in hybrid catfish.Seven isonitrogenous(387.8 g/kg protein)semi-purified diets were formulated to contain 5.0(control),7.5,10.0,12.5,15.0,17.5,and 20.0 g Ile/kg diet respectively.The fish(initial weight of 33.11±0.09 g)were randomly assigned to 7 groups for a 56-day trial.Each group has 3 replicates with 30 fish per replicate,fed at 08:00 and 18:00 each day.Results showed that muscle protein and lipid,C14:0,C18:0,C22:0,C14:1,C18:1n-9,polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA),Arg,Ile,Ala,Cys,Gly,Tyr,essential amino acid(EAA),and total amino acid(TAA)contents and flavor amino acid(FAA)/TAA in muscle had positive linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary Ile levels(P<0.05).Fatty acid synthase(FAS),stearoyl-Co A desaturase(SCD),acetyl-Co A carboxylase(ACC),and lipoprotein lipase(LPL)activities had positive linear and/or quadratic responses,but carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1(CPT1)activity had a negative response with increasing dietary Ile levels(P<0.05).The m RNA expressions of FAS,SCD,ACC,LPL,fatty acid binding protein 4(FABP4),FATP1,sterol response element-binding protein 1c(SREBP-1c),sequestosome 1(SQSTM1),and adenosine 5’-monophosphateactivated protein kinase(AMPK)had positive linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary Ile levels(P<0.05).The m RNA expressions of hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL),CPT1,peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor a(PPARa),PPARγ,uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1(ULK1),beclin1(Becn1),autophagy-related protein 9a(Atg9a),Atg4b,Atg7,autophagy marker light chain 3 B(LC3B),and SQSTM1in muscle had negative linear and/or quadratic responses to dietary Ile levels(P<0.05).The p-AMPK and ULK1 protein levels,and p-AMPK/AMPK were decreased by 12.5 g Ile/kg in the diet(P<0.05).Finally,SQSTM1 protein level had the opposite effect(P<0.05).The above results indicate that dietary Ile improves fish muscle fatty acid and amino acid profiles potentially via respectively regulating lipid metabolism and autophagy.The Ile requirement of hybrid catfish(33 to 72 g)were estimated to be 12.63,13.77,13.75,11.45,10.50,12.53 and 12.21 g/kg diet based on the regression analysis of protein,lipid,SFA,PUFA,FAA,EAA,and TAA muscle contents,respectively.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFD0900200)the Applied Basic Research Programs of ScienceTechnology Commission Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(2015JY0067).
文摘Background:Muscle is the complex and heterogeneous tissue,which comprises the primary edible part of the trunk of fish and mammals.Previous studies have shown that dietary isoleucine(Ile)exerts beneficial effects on growth in aquatic animals.However,there were limited studies regarding the benefits of Ile on fish muscle and their effects on flesh quality and muscle growth.Thus,this study was conducted to explore whether dietary Ile had affected flesh quality and muscle growth in hybrid bagrid catfish(Pelteobagrus vachelli♀×Leiocassis longirostris♂).Methods:A total of 630 hybrid fish,with an initial average body weight of 33.11±0.09 g,were randomly allotted into seven experimental groups with three replicates each,and respectively fed seven diets with 5.0,7.5,10.0,12.5,15.0,17.5,and 20.0 g Ile/kg diets for 8 weeks.Results:In the present study,we demonstrated that Ile significantly:(1)increased muscle protein and lipid contents and the frequency distribution of myofibers with≤20μm and≥50μm of diameter;(2)improved pH value,shear force,cathepsin B and L activities,hydroxyproline content,resilience,cohesiveness,and decreased cooking loss,lactate content,hardness,springiness,gumminess,and chewiness;(3)decreased reactive oxygen species(ROS),malondialdehyde(MDA),and protein carbonyl(PC)contents,GCLC and Keap1 mRNA levels,and up-regulated CuZnSOD,CAT,GPX1a,GST,and Nrf2 mRNA levels;(4)up-regulated the insulin-like growth factor 1,2(IGF-1,IGF-2),insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor(IGF-1R),proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),Myf5,Myod,Myog,Mrf4,and MyHC mRNA levels,and decreased MSTN mRNAlevel;(5)increased muscle protein deposition by activating AKT-TOR-S6K1 and AKT-FOXO3a signaling pathways.Conclusion:These results revealed that dietary Ile improved flesh quality,which might be due to increasing nutritional content,physicochemical,texture parameters,and antioxidant ability;promoting muscle growth by affecting myocytes hyperplasia and hypertrophy,and muscle protein deposition associated with protein synthesis and degradation signaling pathways.Finally,the quadratic regression analysis of chewiness,ROS,and protein contents against dietary Ile levels suggested that the optimal dietary Ile levels for hybrid bagrid catfish was estimated to be 14.19,12.36,and 12.78 g/kg diet,corresponding to 36.59,31.87,and 32.96 g/kg dietary protein,respectively.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD2400902)China Agricultural Research System(Grant/Award Number:CARS-46)the Fund of Fujian Key Laboratory of Functional Aquafeed and Culture Environment Control(FACE20200004).
文摘This study was to evaluate the potential of a host-associated Bacillus velezensis as a probiotic for hybrid yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco♀×Pelteobagrus vachelli♂).Diets(B0 to B5)containing 0,0.90×10^(8),0.80×109,0.85×10^(10),0.90×10^(11),0.83×10^(12)CFU/kg B.velezensis YFI-E109 were fed to the fish with initial weight(3.07±0.08 g)in a recirculating aquaculture system for six weeks with three replicates,respectively.Probiotic effects were analyzed based on growth,body composition,liver and gut morphology,gut microbiome,and liver metabolome.Analysis of the bacterial genome has shown that the most abundant genes in B.velezensis YFI-E109 were distributed in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism.Fish in groups B3 and B4 had better growth performance,and higher intestinal amylase(AMS)and lipase(LPS)activities compared with other groups(P<0.05).Fish in groups B0 and B5 showed significant liver damage,while this status improved in group B3.The liver malondialdehyde(MDA)content in group B3 was lower than that in other groups(P<0.05).The abundance of Mycoplasma,Ralstonia and Acinetobacter was significantly reduced in B3 and B5 compared to B0.The amino acid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways were enriched in group B3 compared with group B0.In conclusion,dietary B.velezensis YFI-E109 supplementation has the potential to improve growth,liver metabolism,and liver and gut health,and reshape the gut microbiome of hybrid yellow catfish.Excessive B.velezensis YFI-E109 reduced the prebiotic effects.The recommended dietary supplementation of B.velezensis YFI-E109 is 0.31×10^(10) to 0.77×10^(11)CFU/kg for hybrid yellow catfish according to the quadratic regression method by plotting specific growth rate(SGR),feed conversion ratio(FCR),MDA and activities of AMS against dietary B.velezensis YFI-E109 levels.
