Different human-simulated characteristics of the driver models in the forward simulation of hybrid electric vehicles

Based on the control theories of PID, fuzzy logic and expert PID, the driver models are built and applied in the forward simulation for hybrid electric vehicles （HEV）. The impact to the vehicle speed tracking and the fuel economy is compared among the different driver models. The different human-simulated characteristics of the driver models are emphatically analyzed. The analysis results indicate that the driver models based on PID, simple fuzzy logic and expert PID are corresponding to the handling characteristics of different drives. The driver models of different human-simulated characteristics bring the handling divergence of drivers with different driving level and habit to the HEV forward simulation, and that is significant to the all-around verification and validation of the control strategy for HEV. System simulation results of different driver models validate the impact of driver models to the dynamic and fuel economy performance of HEV.

Simulation research of energy management strategy for dual mode plug-in hybrid electrical vehicles

In this paper, a plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle(PHEV) is taken as the research object, and its dynamic performance and economic performance are taken as the research goals. Battery charge-sustaining(CS) period is divided into power mode and economy mode. Energy management strategy designing methods of power mode and economy mode are proposed. Maximum velocity, acceleration performance and fuel consumption are simulated during the CS period in the AVL CRUISE simulation environment. The simulation results indicate that the maximum velocity and acceleration time of the power mode are better than those in the economy mode. Fuel consumption of the economy mode is better than that in the power mode. Fuel consumption of PHEV during the CS period is further improved by using the methods proposed in this paper, and this is meaningful for research and development of PHEV.

ENERGY MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR PARALLEL HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLES

Energy management strategy (EMS) is the core of the real-time controlalgorithm of the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV). A novel EMS using the logic threshold approach withincorporation of a stand-by optimization algorithm is proposed. The aim of it is to minimize theengine fuel consumption and maintain the battery state of charge (SOC) in its operation range, whilesatisfying the vehicle performance and drivability requirements. The hybrid powertrain bench testis carried out to collect data of the engine, motor and battery pack, which are used in the EMS tocontrol the powertrain. Computer simulation model of the HEV is established in the MATLAB/Simulinkenvironment according to the bench test results. Simulation results are presented for behaviors ofthe engine, motor and battery. The proposed EMS is implemented for a real parallel hybrid carcontrol system and validated by vehicle field tests.

A Study of Advanced Efficient Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Electric Propulsion and Energy Source

Recently global warming and the depletion of fuel resources have accelerated researchers’ efforts to produce more efficient and clean alternatives. This research presents a comprehensive review of the different adjustments/con figurations of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), traction motors for power systems, and wireless speed control of traction drive. Electronic installation of technology can reduce pollution efficiently and effectively. The efficient operation has always been one of the most common investigators’ objectives in the automotive industry and academic areas. There are several renewable energy resources for hybrid vehicles that will replace depleted gasoline worldwide. The purpose of this paper is the development of more efficient pure EVs, HEVs, and fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV) present both a challenge and a definite solution to current mobility issues. Fuel consumption in cars is a concern due to the harmful effects on the environment. Among other battery sources, fuel cells (FC), super capacitors (SC), and photovoltaic cells are studied for vehicle application. A combination of these renewable energy sources can be used for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) in the next generation of transportation. With the significant progress of automobile technology, the hybrid electric vehicle has already become the main achievement of transportation electrification due to its excellent fuel-saving performance.

A comparative study of hybrid electric vehicle fuel consumption over diverse driving cycles

Environmental pollution and declining resources of fossil fuels in recent years,have increased demand for better fuel economy and less pollution for ground transportation.Among the alternative solutions provided by researchers in recent decades,hybrid electric vehicles consisted of an internal combustion engine and an electric motor have been considered as a promising solution in the short-term.In the present study,fuel economy characteristics of a parallel hybrid electric vehicle are investigated by using numerical simulation.The simulation methodology is based on a fast forward facing simulation model of a parallel hybrid and an internal combustion engine powertrains.The objective of this study is to present the main parameters which result in an optimum combination of hybrid powertrain components in order to obtain a better fuel economy of hybrid powertrains regarding different driven cycles and hybridization factors.Then,the fuel consumption of the parallel hybrid electric vehicles are compared considering various driven cycles and hybridization factors.The results showed that the better fuel economy of hybrid powertrains increases by decreasing average load of the test cycle and the point of the best fuel economy for a particular average load of the cycle moves towards higher hybridization factors when the average load of the test cycle is reduced.

Designing the cooling system of a hybrid electric vehicle with multi-heat source

In order to reduce the power consumption and meet the cooling demand of every heat source component, three kinds of multi-heat source cooling system schemes were designed base on the characteristic of power split hybrid electric vehicle （HEV）. Using the numerical simulation meth- od, the power system heat transfer model was built. By comparing the performance of three differ- ent schemes through the Simulink simulation, the best cooling system scheme was found. Base on characteristics of these cooling system structures, the reasonableness of the simulation results were analyzed and verified. The results showed that the cooling system designation based on the numerical simulation could describe the cooling system performance accurately. This method could simplify the design process, improve design efficiency and provide a new way for designing a multi-heat source vehicle cooling system.

Realization and Analysis of Good Fuel Economy and Kinetic Performance of a Low-cost Hybrid Electric Vehicle

By using high-power and high-efficiency propulsion systems,current hybrid electric vehicles（HEVs） in market can achieve excellent fuel economy and kinetic performance.However,it is the cost of current HEVs that hinders HEVs coming into widespread use.A novel hybrid electric propulsion system is designed to balance HEV cost and performance for developing markets.A battery/supercapacitor-based hybrid energy storage system（HESS） is used to improve energy conversion efficiency and reduce battery size and cost.An all-in-one-controller（AIOC） which integrates engine electronic control unit（ECU）,motor ECU,and HESS management system is developed to save materials and energy,and reduce the influence of distribution parameters on circuit.As for the powertrain configuration,four schemes are presented：belt-driven starter generator（BSG） scheme,four-wheel drive HEV scheme,full HEV scheme,and ranger-extender electric vehicle（EV） scheme.Component selection and parameter matching for the propulsion system are performed,and an energy management strategy is developed based on powertrain configuration and selected components.Forward-facing simulation models are built,comprehending the control strategy based on the optimal engine torque for the low-cost hybrid electric propulsion system.Co-simulation of AVL CRUISE and Matlab/Simulink is presented and the best scheme is selected.The simulation results indicate that,for the best design,fuel consumption in urban driving condition is 4.11 L/（100 km） and 0-50 km/h accelerating time is 10.95 s.The proposed research can realize low-cost concept for HEV while achieving satisfactory fuel economy and kinetic performance,and help to improve commercialization of HEVs.

新的PHEV动力匹配控制方法设计与应用

设计了基于CD-ECMS的动力系统控制策略,优化车辆的参数,提升车辆的综合性能。新的动力匹配模块根据路况、车辆实时状态等信息科学匹配电机和发动机的动力输出,提升发动机和电机的工作协调能力,改善车辆动力性能和燃油经济性,新的控制算法嵌入到插电式混合动力的动力控制系统中,通过系统仿真和实验验证,结果表明:新的动力匹配算法避免能量的二次转换,对比ECMS和CD-CS控制策略,百公里油耗分别降低了0.31L和0.11L,电池转换效率分别提升了1.2%和11.2%,SOC分别下降了3%和7%,综合效率分别提升了1%和19%。

Co-simulation platform for single-shaft parallel HEVs based on Cruise+Matlab/Simulink

We reversely analyzed the energy management strategy （EMS） for a single-shaft parallel hybrid electric vehicle （HEV）, and build a forward co-simulation platform based on Cruise and Matlab. The vehicle dynamics model is built with Cruise, and control model is set up with Matlab/Simulink environment. The data between the two models are transferred by the Matlab API interface in Cruise. After mechanical and signal connections are completed, we establish the computing tasks and take the simulations of vehicle＇ s power performance, economy, and emission performance. The simulation results match the actual measurement results, which show that the co-simulation platform is correct and feasible. The platform can be used not only for a basic simulation platform to optimize further EMS, but also for the development of actual control system.

驾驶风格和路况对HEV 能耗影响分析

基于驾驶风格和路况影响因素,从整车能量效率及需求功率两个角度出发,进一步分析HEV在不同运行场景下的能耗差异。数据分析在市区、郊区路况下驾驶风格随着激进性强度的增加,具有更低的整车能量效率以及更大的需求功率,在高速路况下,需求功率差异较小,能耗差异仅由能量效率差异导致。结果表明,由驾驶风格导致的整车能耗在市区、郊区、高速路况下最大差异为37.3%、37.4%及14%,同样的路况导致的整车能耗在冷静型、一般型、激进型下最大差异为43.4%、50.2%以及58.8%。

基于工况识别的HEV自适应能量管理算法

提出了自适应能量管理算法,通过简化的神经网络对实时车速进行采集、分析和比较,在运行一段时间后,自动寻找出与之相近的标准循环工况,控制参数也相应转换为标准工况的已优化参数.基于CRUISE软件进行建模实现,选取城市客车循环工况进行仿真,分析结果表明,多工况自适应整车管理算法能够较好地根据车速对工况进行分类识别,并达到在保证混合动力汽车(HEV)电量平衡基础上节约燃油的目的.

基于Cruise/Simulink的FCHEV燃料电池和动力蓄电池功率匹配研究

针对质子交换膜燃料电池和锂离子动力蓄电池混合动力电动汽车(FCHEV),利用AVL/Cruise和Matlab/Simulink软件搭建了FCHEV整车联合仿真平台。通过对车辆动力系统关键部件参数的分析,确定了若干可行的燃料电池和蓄电池功率匹配方案。基于一种目前比较成熟的控制策略,在NEDC循环工况下对各种匹配方案进行了仿真实验,在满足车辆动力性要求的前提下,对各方案的燃料经济性进行分析,从而得到该控制策略下燃料电池和动力蓄电池的最优功率匹配结果。

基于PMP算法的HEV能量优化控制策略

针对常用混合动力汽车(Hybrid electric vehicle, HEV)中锂离子电池在功率波动较大时难以满足需求,以及单个驱动周期内HEV燃油能耗大且能量不能很好回收等问题,研究采用锂离子电池和超级电容器混合储能系统(Lithium-ion battery and super-capacitor hybrid energy storage system, Li-SC HESS)与内燃机共同驱动HEV运行.结合比例积分粒子群优化算法(Particle swarm optimization-proportion integration, PSO-PI)控制器和Li-SC HESS内部功率限制管理办法,提出一种改进的基于庞特里亚金极小值原理(Pontryagin s minimum principle, PMP)算法的HEV能量优化控制策略,通过ADVISOR软件建立HEV整车仿真模型,验证该方法的有效性与可行性.仿真结果表明,该能量优化控制策略提高了HEV跟踪整车燃油能耗最小轨迹的实时性,节能减排比改进前提高了1.6%～2%,功率波动时减少了锂离子电池的出力,进而改善了混合储能系统性能,对电动汽车关键技术的后续研究意义重大.

基于切换系统的HEV能量控制系统优化设计

为了解决多能源混合动力汽车（HEV）中能量控制系统在建模时不能完全描述连续动态事件和离散动态事件等问题,基于切换控制系统理论,建立能量控制系统数学模型,根据车辆运行工况,提出了6种工作模式,应用切换系统理论中8元组定义模式描述能量控制系统,采用逻辑判断方法,建立切换规则、系统跳变关系和各工作模式之间转换的映射集.仿真结果与ADVISOR软件中混合动力汽车的基本控制策略得到的结果相比,SOC值始终工作在最优工作区域65%~75%,碳氢化合物（HC）、一氧化碳（CO）、氮氧化合物（NOx）和微粒（PM）的排放量各自减小了17.1%,21.5%,7.3%和2.7%.结果表明将切换系统理论应用到HEV的能量控制系统中切实可行.

基于PMP的HEV全局最优能量管理策略研究

动态规划常用于求取已知工况的全局最优解,但该方法计算量大、求解时间长。为了解决这个问题,把发电机组和电池组模型适当化简,在保持电池组电量平衡的条件下,以电池组荷电状态为状态变量,以电池组输出功率为控制量,采用庞特里亚金极小值原理算法求解了混合动力汽车的能量管理问题,得到了全局最优解,并给出了详细的求解过程。与动态规划相比,该方法求解需要的时间很短。

基于发动机制动的HEV再生制动控制策略

以ISG(integrate starter generator)型混合动力CVT(continuously variable transmis-sion)轿车为研究对象,进行发动机制动性能建模与仿真计算,提出基于前轮最大可承受减速度的制动力最优分配策略。无再生制动时,根据发动机制动特性计算,通过调整CVT速比来以充分利用发动机制动;有再生制动时,优先采用电机制动,其次为发动机机制动,最后为摩擦制动。进行基于控制策略的混合动力汽车再生制动建模和典型工况下的仿真分析,仿真结果验证所提出的再生制动控制策略的正确性和可行性。

基于遗传算法的HEV控制策略优化

混合动力汽车控制策略参数的选取对系统性能有重大的影响。为此,建立了以动力性能为约束指标、以燃油消耗率和排放为评价指标的混合动力汽车控制策略参数优化模型,并对控制策略参数进行优化。利用加权系数法整合评价指标,结合遗传算法工具箱GATBX对控制策略参数进行多目标优化,并利用ADVISOR对优化前后的性能进行仿真。仿真结果表明:在保证动力性的前提下有效降低了混合动力汽车燃料消耗量和排放,其中油耗和NOx降低了17%,HC和CO降低了大约7%。

基于电功率的HEV动力电池能量的监控方法

针对目前用于混合动力电动汽车动力电池能量管理的荷电状态法存在的“定义与结果难相一致”的问题,针对基于电功率的混合动力汽车动力电池能量的动态监控方法,建立了相应的数学模型,利用计算机仿真分析和实验来验证该方法的可行性和实用性。

新型适时四驱PHEV系统匹配与控制仿真

为了更深一步提高插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)适应复杂行驶环境的能力,根据其工作特点和不同驾驶情况的性能要求,设计开发出一款采用启动/发电机、两档纯电驱动模式的新型插电式适时四驱混合动力系统。根据设计需求,对动力部件进行匹配及选型,针对性的开发了整车控制策略。为验证其性能,利用AVL Cruise搭建其整车动力学模型,基于MATLAB/Simulink开发了动力系统控制模型,采用Stateflow搭建模式切换状态流图。通过联合仿真结果表明:整车动力学系统参数匹配与控制达到设计要求,百公里加速时间达到6.22 s;相比无两档自动变速器PHEV,启动/发电机和两档自动变速器的使用使其纯电动续驶里程增长了11.49%,最终降低35.43%的使用成本。本研究为此类四驱PHEV系统的开发提供了一套完整的理论与技术,对推动PHEV的发展有着重大的理论和社会意义。

混合动力汽车动力系统功能分析及仿真研究

在混合动力设计开发前期,利用仿真软件对混合动力系统进行性能仿真和深入研究。通过阐述混合动力汽车动力系统的构型方案,分析了混合动力汽车的动力系统功能、驾驶操作模式以及控制策略。基于AVL CRUISE仿真软件,搭建了某款混合动力汽车的整车及动力系统仿真模型,并进行了整车动力性和经济性的仿真验证。仿真结果表明,混合动力车型性能和功能满足设计要求,为混合动力系统样车试验研究奠定基础。