Influence of Terabit Signal in Hybrid System with Multi-Rate and Multi-Modulation Format Channels

We proposed a hybrid transmission system consist of 1Tbit/s Nyquist WDM channels,100Gbit/s PDM-QPSK WDM channels and 10Gbit/s NRZ WDM channels to study whether Terabit Nyquist WDM signal could transmit in the existing hybrid systems with DCM(dispersion compensation module). The simulation results demonstrated the influence of all these three kinds of signals. The 1Tbit/s Nyquist WDM channels introduced 1.5d B Q penalty to the 100Gbit/s PDM-QPSK signals and their influence on the 10Gbit/s NRZ signals was extremely slight. In the hybrid optical system,1Tbit/s Nyquist channel has 5d B Q penalty due to the inline DCM and 2.5d B Q penalty due to the channel interference from existing channels. Therefore,the total Q penalty is 7.5d B caused by strong nonlinear effects at the launch power of 0d Bm. The results have the guiding significance for the design of future backbone system and also support the feasibility of future dynamic optical system.

The 8×10 GHz Receiver Optical Subassembly Based on Silica Hybrid Integration Technology for Data Center Interconnection

An 8×10 GHz receiver optical sub-assembly （ROSA） consisting of an 8-channel arrayed waveguide grating （AWG） and an 8-channel PIN photodetector （PD） array is designed and fabricated based on silica hybrid integration technology. Multimode output waveguides in the silica AWG with 2% refractive index difference are used to obtain fiat-top spectra. The output waveguide facet is polished to 45° bevel to change the light propagation direction into the mesa-type PIN PD, which simplifies the packaging process. The experimentM results show that the single channel I dB bandwidth of AWG ranges from 2.12nm to 3.06nm, the ROSA responsivity ranges from 0.097 A/W to 0.158A/W, and the 3dB bandwidth is up to 11 GHz. It is promising to be applied in the eight-lane WDM transmission system in data center interconnection.

An efficient hybrid protection scheme with shared/dedicated backup paths on elastic optical networks

Fast recovery and minimum utilization of resources are the two main criteria for determining the protection scheme quality. We address the problem of providing a hybrid protection approach on elastic optical networks under contiguity and continuity of available spectrum constraints. Two main hypotheses are used in this paper for backup paths computation. In the first case, it is assumed that backup paths resources are dedicated. In the second case, the assumption is that backup paths resources are available shared resources. The objective of the study is to minimize spectrum utilization to reduce blocking probability on a network. For this purpose, an efficient survivable Hybrid Protection Lightpath （HybPL） algorithm is proposed for providing shared or dedicated backup path protection based on the efficient energy calculation and resource availability. Traditional First-Fit and Best-Fit schemes are employed to search and assign the available spectrum resources. The simulation results show that HybPL presents better performance in terms of blocking probability, compared with the Minimum Resources Utilization Dedicated Protection （MRU-DP） algorithm which offers better performance than the Dedicated Protection （DP） algorithm.

Hybrid Dispersive Optical Solitons in Nonlinear Cubic-Quintic-Septic Schrödinger Equation

Certain hybrid prototypes of dispersive optical solitons that we are looking for can correspond to new or future behaviors, observable or not, developed or will be developed by optical media that present the cubic-quintic-septic law coupled, with strong dispersions. The equation considered for this purpose is that of non-linear Schrödinger. The solutions are obtained using the Bogning-Djeumen Tchaho-Kofané method extended to the new implicit Bogning’ functions. Some of the obtained solutions show that their existence is due only to the Kerr law nonlinearity presence. Graphical representations plotted have confirmed the hybrid and multi-form character of the obtained dispersive optical solitons. We believe that a good understanding of the hybrid dispersive optical solitons highlighted in the context of this work allows to grasp the physical description of systems whose dynamics are governed by nonlinear Schrödinger equation as studied in this work, allowing thereby a relevant improvement of complex problems encountered in particular in nonliear optaics and in optical fibers.

Transmission Mechanism Based on Burst Filling in Hybrid Optical Burst/Circuit Switching Networks

Hybrid optical switching networks make full use of the advantages of Optical Circuit Switching(OCS)and Optical Burst Switching(OBS).In parallel hybrid optical switching networks,edge nodes choose a switching mode for traffic and no longer change.The inflexible decision making of the traffic transfer mode leads to low resource utilization when the arrival rate of the OCS traffic is lower than the capacity of the light path.In this paper,a new transmission scheme is proposed to improve resource utilization for hybrid optical switching networks.When the traffic arrival rate of the light path is lower than the transmission rate of the light path,the OCS traffic flow is reshaped at the edge nodes to generate a series of voids.Then,several message packets are sent along the light path to inform the core nodes of the voids of the light paths that represent the unused bandwidth resources.To improve the resource utilization,the voids can be filled with data bursts by core nodes.The simulation results show that the new scheme can effectively reduce the burst loss rate and improve the link utilization of the hybrid optical switching network on the premise of a providing service quality guarantee for OCS traffic.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF NOVEL SOL-GEL DOPED ORGANIC/INORGANIC HYBRID NONLINEAR OPTICAL MATERIALS

hydroxy-4-nitro azobenzene (NHA) and 4-amino-4-nitro azobenzene (DO3) were prepared respectively from p-nitrophenylamine as a precursor compound. Two kinds of doped organic/inorganic hybrid nonlinear optical (NLO) materials containing NHA and DO3 were synthesized by Sol-Gel process. The preparation and properties of two NLO materials were studied and characterized by FTIR, 1H-NMR, UV-VIS, SEM, DSC and SHG measurements. The results show that the maximum doping amounts of NHA and DO3 in two doped hybrid NLO materials are 7.2(wt)% and 11.3(wt)% respectively, and the corresponding second-order NLO coefficients (d33 values) are 2.91×10 8esu and 6.14×10 8esu. Two doped NLO materials have relatively good RT stability, after 90 days at RT the d33 values can maintain about 85% of their initial values, but after 10h at 100℃ can only maintain about 50% of their initial values. In this report, the reasons for high-temperature instability of doped materials were discussed, and the possible improvements were also suggested.

Tunable coupling of a hybrid plasmonic waveguide consisting of two identical dielectric cylinders and a silver film

The propagation length of surface plasmon polaritons（SPPs） is intrinsically limited by the metallic ohmic loss that is enhanced by the strongly confined electromagnetic field. In this paper, we propose a new class of hybrid plasmonic waveguides（HPWs） that can support long-range SPP propagation while keeping subwavelength optical field confinement. It is shown that the coupling between the waveguides can be well tuned by simply varying the structural parameters. Compared with conventional HPWs, a larger propagation length as well as a better optical field confinement can be simultaneously realized. The proposed structure with better optical performance can be useful for future photonic device design and optical integration research.

4 × 20 GHz silica-based AWG hybrid integrated receiver optical sub-assemblies

Both the 4 × 20 GHz coarse wavelength division multiplexing and LAN-WDM receiver optical sub-assemblies（ROSAs） were developed. The ROSA package was hybrid integrated with a planar lightwave circuit arrayed waveguide grating（AWG） with 2% refractive index difference and a four-channel top-illuminated positive-intrinsicnegative photodetector（PD） array. The output waveguides of the AWG were designed in a multimode structure to provide flat-top optical spectra, and their end facet was angle-polished to form a total internal reflection interface to realize vertical coupling with a PD array. The maximum responsivity of ROSA was about 0.4 A/W, and its 3 dB bandwidth of frequency response was up to 20 GHz for each transmission lane. The hybrid integrated ROSA would be a cost-effective and easy-assembling solution for 100 Gb E data center interconnections.

50 GHz optical true time delay beamforming in hybrid optical/mm-wave access networks with multi-core optical fiber distribution

We propose and experimentally validate an optical true time delay beamforming scheme with straightforward integration into hybrid optical/millimeter（mm）-wave access networks. In the proposed approach, the most complex functions, including the beamforming network, are implemented in a central office, reducing the complexity and cost of remote antenna units. Different cores in a multi-core fiber are used to distribute the modulated signals to high-speed photodetectors acting as heterodyne mixers. The mm-wave carrier frequency is fixed to 50 GHz（VBand）, thereby imposing a progressive delay between antenna elements of a few picoseconds. That true time delay is achieved with an accuracy lower than 1 ps and low phase noise.

Intercalation assembly of optical hybrid materials based on layered terbium hydroxide hosts and organic sensitizer anions guests

Received 23 November 2012 Received in revised form 13 December 2012 Accepted 18 December 2012 Available online 20 January 2013

112 Gbit/s transmitter optical subassembly based on hybrid integrated directly modulated lasers

Based on the hybrid integration technology, an ultra-compact and low cost transmitter optical subassembly module is proposed. Four directly modulated lasers are combined with a coarse wavelength division multiplexer operated at the O-band. The bandwidth for all channels is measured to be approximately 3 GHz. The 112 Gb∕s transmission is experimentally demonstrated for a 10 km standard single mode fiber（SSMF）, in which an optical isolator is used for avoiding the back-reflected and scattered light to improve the bit error rate（BER） performance. A low BER and clear eye opening are achieved for 10 km transmission.

Hybrid Optical Comb Filter with Multi-Port Fiber Coupler for DWDM Optical Network

Optical comb filters based on multi-port fused fiber couplers are proposed and numerically analyzed, 3-arm MZI composed by 1×7 fiber splitter and 3×3 fiber coupler, and 2-stage cascaded FIR type MZI interleave filter.

Hybrid optical wavelength demultiplexer and power combiner for TWDM PON

In this paper,we have proposed a hybrid optical wavelength demultiplexer and power combiner for a hybrid timeand wavelength-division multiplexing(TWDM)passive optical network(PON),i.e.,a single passive optical device that functions as a 1×N wavelength demultiplexer for distributing the downstream signal in multiple wavelengths from the optical line terminal(OLT)to the N optical network units(ONUs),and simultaneously as an N×1 power combiner for collecting the upstream signal in the same wavelength from the N ONUs to the OLT.Through a design example of a 32 channel hybrid optical wavelength demultiplexer and power combiner on the silicon-on-insulator platform,our numerical simulation result shows that the insertion loss and adjacent channel crosstalk of the downstream wavelength demultiplexer are as low as 4.6 and-16.3 dB,respectively,while the insertion loss and channel non-uniformity of the upstream power combiner can reach 3.5 and 2.1 dB,respectively.The proposed structure can readily be extended to other material platforms such as the silica-based planar lightwave circuit.Its fabrication process is fully compatible with standard clean-room technologies such as photolithography and etching,without any complicated and/or costly approach involved.

Optical Waveguides from Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Materials

Organic/inorganic material has attracted great attentions because its importance as photonic materials. We report on our recent results on organic/inorganic hybrid sol-gel materials and optical waveguides like splitter, thermo-optic switch and micro-cavity laser.

Performance evaluation of a WDM/OCDM based hybrid optical switch utilizing efficient resource allocation

A hybrid optical switch （HOS） with physical layer of wavelength division multiplexing and optical code division multiplexing （WDM/OCDM） scheme is proposed. An additional feature to the HOS than optical cross connect （OXC） is that the controller can process requests for both circuit establishment and burst scheduling. In our study, the measurement criteria of HOS are the blocking probability, probability of error, and probability of outage. To simplify the analysis, no distinction is made between a circuit in progress and a burst in progress. Moreover, a minimum fit （MinF） resource allocation strategy is applied in order to increase the bandwidth efficiency and control the multiplexing interference of the OCDM. A 2D Markov model for the HOS is presented using the MinF strategy. Numerical results reveal that the code parameters and the resource allocation strategy greatly affect the performance. Certain periority can be achieved by assigning shorter codes to high periority users and longer codes to low periority users. Also, the probability of error and outage are reduced bv aonling the MinF strategy.

Hybrid approach used for extended image-based wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics

The stochastic paralld gradient descent （SPGD） algorithm is widely used in wavefront sensor-less adaptive optics （WSAO） systems. However, the convergence is relatively slow. Modal-based algorithms usually provide much faster convergence than SPGD; however, the limited actuator stroke of the deformable mirror （DM） often prohibits the sensing of higher-order modes or renders a closed-loop correction inapplicable. Based on a comparative analysis of SPGD and the DM-modal-based algorithm, a hybrid approach involving both algorithms is proposed for extended image-based WSAO, and is demonstrated in this experiment. The hybrid approach can achieve similar correction results to pure SPGD, but with a dramatically decreased iteration number.