Hybridized S cathode with N719 dye for a photo-assisted charging Li-S battery

Nowadays,huge consumption of fossil fuels brings about serious energy crisis and environmental problems,which urge researchers to explore novel sustainable energy sources and storage systems[1,2].

Prediction of the Best Three-Breed Hybridized Combination of Imported Meat Sheep Using Genetic Polymorphism of Microsatellite DNA

The allelic frequency, the polymorphic information contents （PIC）, the number of effective alleles, the heterozygosity, and the genetic distances were studied in three imported meat sheep （Suffolk, Dorset, Texel） and their F1 crossbred obtained from those crossed with indigenous Small Tail Hun Sheep （Suffolk♂× Small Tail Hun Sheep, SH; Dorset ♂× Small Tail Han Sheep♂, DH; Texel♂× Small Tail Hart Sheep ♀, TH） using six microsatellite DNA loci. The perpormences of three-breed crossbred （Suffolk ♂× DH ♀, Suffolk ♂× TH ♀, Texel ♂× SH ♀, Texel ♂× DH ♀, Dorset ♂× TH ♀, and Dorset ♂× SH ♀ ） were tested. The results indicated that there were genetic polymorphisms at six microsatellite loci in six sheep populations. Six microsatellite loci could be used for genetic diversity evaluation in sheep populations. The order of three-breed heterosis by the analysis of genetic relationship from large to small was Texel ♂× DH ♀, Suffolk ♂× DH ♀, Suffolki ♂× TH ♀, Texel ♂× SH ♀, Dorset ♂×TH ♀, and Dorset ♂× SH ♀, which was in accordance with the testing results on actual heterosis. These results showed that prediction of the best three-breed hybridized combination among sheep breeds by microsatellite DNA polymorphism was feasible, which will have an important value on the reasonable utilization of introduced meat sheep and sheep breeding in our country in the future.

On the Development of a Hybridized Ant Colony Optimization (HACO) Algorithm

This paper proposes a Hybridized Ant Colony Optimization (HACO) algorithm. It integrates the advantages of Ant System (AS) and Ant Colony System (ACS) of solving optimization problems. The main focus and core of the HACO algorithm are based on annexing the strengths of the AS, ACO and the Max-Min Ant System (MMAS) previously proposed by various researchers at one time or the order. In this paper, the HACO algorithm for solving optimization problems employs new Transition Probability relations with a Jump transition probability relation which indicates the point or path at which the desired optimum value has been met. Also, it brings to play a new pheromone updating rule and introduces the pheromone evaporation residue that calculates the amount of pheromone left after updating which serves as a guide to the successive ant traversing the path and diverse local search approaches. Regarding the computational efficiency of the HACO algorithm, we observe that the HACO algorithm can find very good solutions in a short time, as the algorithm has been tested on a number of combinatorial optimization problems and results shown to compare favourably with analytical results. This strength can be combined with other metaheuristic approaches in the future work to solve complex combinatorial optimization problems.

A Stable Numerical Scheme Based on the Hybridized Discontinuous Galerkin Method for the Ito-Type Coupled KdV System

The purpose of this paper is to develop a hybridized discontinuous Galerkin(HDG)method for solving the Ito-type coupled KdV system.In fact,we use the HDG method for discre-tizing the space variable and the backward Euler explicit method for the time variable.To linearize the system,the time-lagging approach is also applied.The numerical stability of the method in the sense of the L2 norm is proved using the energy method under certain assumptions on the stabilization parameters for periodic or homogeneous Dirichlet bound-ary conditions.Numerical experiments confirm that the HDG method is capable of solving the system efficiently.It is observed that the best possible rate of convergence is achieved by the HDG method.Also,it is being illustrated numerically that the corresponding con-servation laws are satisfied for the approximate solutions of the Ito-type coupled KdV sys-tem.Thanks to the numerical experiments,it is verified that the HDG method could be more efficient than the LDG method for solving some Ito-type coupled KdV systems by comparing the corresponding computational costs and orders of convergence.

Bifunctional polyaniline electrode tailored hybridized solar cells for energy harvesting from sun and rain

Pursuit of energy-harvesting or-storage materials to realize outstanding electricity output from nature has been regarded as a promising strategy to resolve the energy-lack issue in the future. Among them,the solar cell as a solar-to-electrical conversion device has been attracted enormous interest to improve the efficiency. However, the ability to generate electricity is highly dependent on the weather conditions,in other words, there is nearly zero power output in dark-light conditions, such as rainy, cloudy, and night, lowering the monolithic power generation capacity. Here, we present a bifunctional polyaniline film via chemical bath deposition, which can harvest energy from the rain, yielding an induced current of 2.57 μA and voltage of 65.5 μV under the stimulus of real raindrop. When incorporating the functional PANi film into the traditional dye sensitized solar cell as a counter electrode, the hybridized photovoltaic can experimentally realize the enhanced output power via harvesting energy from rainy and sunny days. The current work may show a new path for development of advanced solar cells in the future.

Nonlinear constrained optimization using the flexible tolerance method hybridized with different unconstrained methods

This paper proposes the use of the flexible tolerance method(FTM) modified with scaling of variables and hybridized with different unconstrained optimization methods to solve real constrained optimization problems.The benchmark problems used to analyze the performance of the methods were taken from G-Suite functions.The original method(FTM) and other four proposed methods:(i) FTM with scaling of variables(FTMS),(ii) FTMS hybridized with BFGS(FTMS-BFGS),(iii) FTMS hybridized with modified Powell's method(FTMS-Powell)and(iv) FTMS hybridized with PSO(FTMS-PSO), were implemented. The success rates of the methods were 80%,100%, 75%, 95% and 85%, for FTM, FTMS, FTMS-BFGS, FTMS-Powell and FTMS-PSO, respectively. Numerical experiments including real constrained problems indicated that FTMS gave the best performance, followed by FTMSPowell and FTMS-PSO. Despite the inferior performance compared to FTMS and FTMS-Powell, the FTMS-PSO method presented some advantages since good different initial points could be obtained, which allow exploring different routes through the solution space and to escape from local optima. The proposed methods proved to be an effective way of improving the performance of the original FTM.

Self-powered wireless environmental monitoring system for in-service bridges by galloping piezoelectric-triboelectric hybridized energy harvester

The energy harvesting technology for the ubiquitous natural wind enables a desirable solution to the issue of distributed sensors in the bridge environmental sensing Internet of Things(Io T)system being restricted to conventional energy supply.In this work,a self-powered system based on a compact galloping piezoelectric-triboelectric energy harvester(GPTEH)is developed to achieve efficient wind energy harvesting.The GPTEH is constructed on the prototype of a cantilever structure with piezoelectric macro-fiber composite(MFC)sheets and a rectangular bluff body with triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs).Through a special swing-type structural design with iron blocks inside the bluff body,the GPTEH exhibits preferable aerodynamic behavior and excellent energy conversion efficiency,compared to conventional cantilever kind of piezoelectric wind energy harvester(PWEH).The GPTEH also demonstrates the capability of high output power density(PEH of 23.65 W m^(-2)and TENG of 1.59 W m^(-2)),superior response wind speed(about 0.5 m s^(-1)),and excellent long-term stability(over 14000 cyclic tests).Furthermore,a power management system is developed to efficiently utilize the output energy from GPTEH to power the sensors and wirelessly transmit environmental data to the terminals.The proposed GPTEH-powered system exhibits a great potential for the bridge environmental monitoring and Io T technologies.

Trojan nanobacteria hybridized with prodrug nanocapsules for efficient combined tumor therapy

Live bacteria-based drug delivery systems have been raised as promising tools for enhancing drug delivery into tumors due to their active tumor targeting and easy surface modifiability.In this work,a“Trojan nanobacteria hybrid”,E.coli@highly integrated nanocapsules(HINCs)hybrid(HINE-Hybrid),was successfully constructed with HINCs of prodrug based on covalent selfassembly and the facultative anaerobic bacterium E.coli MG 1655 for combined chemotherapy,photothermal therapy(PTT),and chemodynamic therapy(CDT).HINCs were constructed by covalent cross-linking of pillar[5]arene derivatives and cisplatin prodrug linker,which can be endocytosed and lysed to release therapeutic agents.Under the near-infrared(NIR)light(at 808 nm)irradiation,the system temperature can be significantly increased by HINCs,which further leads to the highly efficient generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS).In addition,HINE-Hybrid shows significant antitumor effects in in vitro and in vivo studies and also promotes immune cell infiltration and antitumor cytokine expression in the tumor microenvironment(TME).HINEHybrid exerts its anticancer properties efficiently due to selective enrichment and multiplication of E.coli at tumor sites,which is important for the construction of bacterial-assisted antitumor platforms.

颈椎前路Hybrid手术和颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病临床疗效分析

目的:分析颈椎前路Hybrid手术和颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术(EODL)治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的疗效,探讨多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者手术方式的选择。方法:对2017年7月—2020年7月在首都医科大学附属北京中医医院手术治疗的70例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者进行回顾性分析,根据手术方式不同,分为前路组35例和后路组35例,前路组患者行Hybrid手术[颈椎前路椎间盘切除融合术(ACDF)联合人工颈椎间盘置换术(ACDR)],后路组患者行EODL。记录2组患者住院时间、手术时间、术中出血量和术后引流量,通过日本骨科协会(JOA)评分、JOA改善率、颈椎残障功能指数(NDI)、疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和术后满意度评分进行疗效评价,统计2组患者术后并发症发生情况。结果:与后路组比较,前路组患者术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间和手术时间均明显减少(P<0.01),术前各项评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时,与后路组比较,前路组患者JOA评分和JOA改善率明显升高(P<0.01),NDI评分和VAS评分明显降低(P<0.01)。与术前比较,末次随访时2组患者JOA评分明显升高(P<0.01),NDI和VAS评分均明显降低(P<0.01)。按术后满意度评分评价,2组患者术后满意度均较高。2组患者术后并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:颈椎前路Hybrid手术和EODL在治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病方面均取得了较为满意的疗效。Hybrid手术具有出血量少和手术时间短等优点,临床上应根据患者实际情况选择最适宜的术式。

A hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator designed for scavenging biomechanical energy in human balance control

For human beings of different ages and physical abilities, the inherent balance control system is ubiquitous and active to prevent falling, especially in motion states. A hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator (HETNG) is prepared to harvest biomechanical energy during human balance control processes and achieve significant monitoring functions. The HETNG is composed of a symmetrical pendulum structure and a cylinder magnet rolling inside. Four coils are divided into two groups which form into two electromagnetic generators (EMGs). Besides, two spatial electrodes attached to the inner wall constitute a freestanding mode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). With a rectification circuit, the HETNG presents a high output power with a peak value of 0.55 W at a load of 160 Ω. Along with human balance control processes during walking, the HETNG can harvest biomechanical energy at different positions on the trunk. Moreover, the HETNG applied in artificial limb has been preliminarily simulated with the positions on thigh and foot, for monitoring the actions of squat and stand up, and lifting the leg up and down. For the elder that walks slowly with a walking aid, the HETNG equipped on the walking aid can help to record the motions of forwarding and unexpected falling, which is useful for calling for help. This work shows the potential of biomechanical energy-driven HETNG for powering portable electronics and monitoring human motions, also shows significant concerns to people lacked action capability or disabled.

复杂建设环境下基于Hybrid A^(*)算法的铁路平面线形绿色优化设计

随着“双碳经济下绿色铁路”理念的兴起,将“绿色生态”融入到铁路平面线路优化已成为近年来的研究热点。本文以铁路建设成本与生态破坏成本的协同优化为目标,引入并改进了一种自动驾驶导航算法(Hybrid A^(*)算法),以适应复杂的铁路设计问题,同时考虑最小曲线半径、最大曲线半径、最短曲线长度、最短夹直线长度、缓和曲线长度等铁路线形约束。研究结果表明:(1)改进后算法以离散网格方式整合外部环境因素,实现渐进式全局探索,获取接近全局最优的铁路线路设计结果;(2)该方法在复杂外部环境约束下,无需预设水平交点位置和数量,可自动生成符合线路-环境耦合约束的优化平面线路方案。

Hybridized triboelectric-electromagnetic nanogenerators and solar cell for energy harvesting and wireless power transmission

Energy harvesting and power transmission is a significant challenge for the self-powered technologies towards mobile electronic devices.Here,we propose a hybridized energy harvester to complement each other's strengths for simultaneously scavenging multiple types of energy and then wirelessly transmit the power.The harvester consists of electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator units for collecting rotational energy and a commercial water-proof flexible solar cell.At a rotation rate of 500 rpm,the output current of electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator units can reach about 630 mA through energy management.Moreover,the power harvested by hybridized energy harvester can be wirelessly transmitted up to a distance of about 100 cm in real time to charge mobile phone,anemometer,and hygrometer based on self-resonant coils.The hybridized energy harvester with wireless power transmission has potential applications in large-scale energy collection,long-distance wireless power transmission and sustainably driving mobile electronic devices.

Linear-grating hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator for sustainably powering portable electronics

Utilizing a nanogenerator to scavenge mechanical energy from our living environment is an effective method to solve the power source issue of portable electronics. We report a linear-grating hybridized electromagnetic-triboelectric nanogenerator for scavenging the mechanical energy generated from sliding motions to sustainably power certain portable electronics. The hybridized nano- generator consists of a slider and a stator in the structural design, and possesses a 66-segment triboelectric nanogenerator （TENG） and a 9-segment electromagnetic generator （EMG） in the functional design. At a sliding acceleration of 20 m/s2 the hybridized nanogenerator can deliver maximum powers of 102.8 mW for the TENG at a loading resistance of 0.4 Mr2 and 103.3 mW for the EMG at a loading resistance of 6 kf2. With an optimal hybridized combination of the TENG with a transformer and the EMG with a power management circuit, a 10 mF capacitor can be easily charged to 2.8 V in 20 s. A packaged hybridized nanogenerator with a light weight of 140 g and small dimensions of 12 cm× 4 cm× 1.6 cm excels in scavenging low-frequency sliding energy to sustainably power portable electronics.

Production traits and fertility of reciprocal hybrids between Argopecten irradians irradians and A.i.concentricus

The two bay scallop subspecies,Argopecten irradians irradians(NN)and A.i.concentricus(SS),are fast growing and major cultured bivalves in China.However,their relatively small sizes and decreasing production traits caused by long-term inbreeding have been major concerns to the industry in the last two decades.Hybridization between the two bay scallop subspecies may provide a new approach to breed a new variety with superior production traits for the industry.For this end,in this study,we hybridized the two bay scallop subspecies in order to obtain a new strain that incorporates the genes of both subspecies.No significant difference was found in fertilization rate,hatching rate and metamorphosis rate between the purebred and crossbred cohorts(NN♀×SS♂,denoted as NS;SS♀×NN♂,denoted as SN).Both mating strategy(intra-vs.inter-population crosses)and egg origin had significant effects on growth and survival at the larval stage.Heterosis was observed in the crossbred and was more pronounced in older stages.Genetic diversity of the reciprocal hybrids,especially that of SN,was increased compared with the purebred cohorts.Almost all hybrids were completely fertile and able to reproduce by selffertilization or by backcrossing with either parent.Apparently,male sterile individuals whose gonads were fully occupied by the ovary part at mature stage were found in the hybrids for the first time.The hybrids,especially SN,may provide precious germplasm resources for the production of ternary hybrids with the Peruvian scallop,A.purpuratus.

daptive Hybridized Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for H(curl)-Elliptic Problems

We develop and analyze an adaptive hybridized Interior Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin(IPDG-H)method for H(curl)-elliptic boundary value problems in 2D or 3D arising from a semi-discretization of the eddy currents equations.The method can be derived from a mixed formulation of the given boundary value problem and involves a Lagrange multiplier that is an approximation of the tangential traces of the primal variable on the interfaces of the underlying triangulation of the computational domain.It is shown that the IPDG-H technique can be equivalently formulated and thus implemented as a mortar method.The mesh adaptation is based on a residual-type a posteriori error estimator consisting of element and face residuals.Within a unified framework for adaptive finite element methods,we prove the reliability of the estimator up to a consistency error.The performance of the adaptive symmetric IPDG-H method is documented by numerical results for representative test examples in 2D.

MXene-based hybrid materials for electrochemical and photoelectrochemical H_(2) generation

The conversion of solar energy to produce clean hydrogen fuel through water splitting is an emerging strategy for efficiently storing solar energy in the form of solar fuel.This aligns with the increasing global demand for the development of an ideal energy alternative to fossil fuels that does not emit greenhouse gases.Electrochemical(EC) and photoelectrochemical(PEC) water splitting technologies have garnered significant attention worldwide for advanced hydrogen solar fuel production in recent decades.To achieve sustainable green H_(2) production,it is essential to create efficient catalyst materials that are low-cost and can replace expensive noble metal-based catalysts.These characteristics make them an ideal catalyst material for the process.Two-dimensional MXenes with M_(n+1)X_(n) structure have been identified as a promising option for EC and PEC water splitting due to their superior hydrophilicity,metal-like conductivity,large surface area,and adjustable surface chemistry.Here,we present a summary of recent advancements in the synthesis and performance enhancement methods for MXene hybrid materials in hydrogen production through EC and PEC water splitting.Furthermore,we examine the challenges and insights associated with the rational design of MXene-based hybrid materials to facilitate efficient water splitting for sustainable solar fuel production.

Recent progress of hybrid cathode interface layer for organic solar cells

Organic solar cells(OSCs)have gained conspicuous progress during the past few decades due to the development of materials and upgrading of the device structure.The power conversion efficiency(PCE)of the single-junction device had surpassed 19%.The cathode interface layer(CIL),by optimizing the connection between the active layer and the cathode electrode,has become a momentous part to strengthen the performances of the OSCs.Simultaneously,CIL is also indispensable to illustrating the working mechanism of OSCs and enhancing the stability of the OSCs.In this essay,hybrid CILs in OSCs have been summarized.Firstly,the advancement and operating mechanism of OSCs,and the effects and relevant design rules of CIL are briefly concluded;secondly,the significant influence of CIL on enhancing the stability and PCE of OSCs is presented;thirdly,the characteristics of organic hybrid CIL and organic-inorganic hybrid CIL are introduced.Finally,the conclusion and outlook of CIL are summarized.

Deep genome skimming reveals the hybrid origin of Pseudosasa gracilis (Poaceae: Bambusoideae)

Pseudosasa gracilis(Poaceae:Bambusoideae)is a temperate woody bamboo species endemic to Southcentral China with a narrow distribution.Previous phylogenetic studies revealed an unexpected,isolated phylogenetic position of Ps.gracilis.Here we conducted phylogenomic analysis by sampling populations of Ps.gracilis and its sympatric species Ps.nanunica and Sinosasa polytricha reflecting different genomic signals,by deep genome skimming.Integrating molecular evidence from chloroplast genes and genome-wide SNPs,we deciphered the phylogenetic relationships of Ps.gracilis.Both plastid and nuclear data indicate that Ps.gracilis is more closely related to Sinosasa,which is discordant with the taxonomic treatment.To further explore this molecular-morphological conflict,we screened 411“perfect-copy”syntenic genes to reconstruct phylogenies using both the concatenation and coalescent methods.We observed extensive discordance between gene trees and the putative species tree.A significant hybridization event was detected based on 411 genes from the D subgenome,showing Ps.gracilis was a hybrid descendant between Sinosasa longiligulata and Ps.nanunica,with 63.56%and 36.44%inheritance probabilities of each parent.Moreover,introgression events were detected in the C subgenome between Ps.gracilis and S.polytricha in the same distribution region.Our findings suggest that sympatric hybridization and introgression play a crucial role in the origin of Ps.gracilis.By providing an empirical example of bamboo of hybrid origin using comprehensive analyses based on genomic data from different inheritance systems and morphological characters,our study represents a step forward in understanding of reticulate evolution of bamboos.

Transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis provides insights into lignin biosynthesis and accumulation and differences in lodging resistance in hybrid wheat

The use of hybrid wheat is one way to improve the yield in the future.However,greater plant heights increase lodging risk to some extent.In this study,two hybrid combinations with differences in lodging resistance were used to analyze the stem-related traits during the filling stage,and to investigate the mechanism of the difference in lodging resistance by analyzing lignin synthesis of the basal second internode(BSI).The stem-related traits such as the breaking strength,stem pole substantial degree(SPSD),and rind penetration strength(RPS),as well as the lignin content of the lodging-resistant combination(LRC),were significantly higher than those of the lodgingsensitive combination(LSC).The phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was significantly and simultaneously enriched according to the transcriptomics and metabolomics analysis at the later filling stage.A total of 35 critical regulatory genes involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway were identified.Moreover,42%of the identified genes were significantly and differentially expressed at the later grain-filling stage between the two combinations,among which more than 80%were strongly up-regulated at that stage in the LRC compared with LSC.On the contrary,the LRC displayed lower contents of lignin intermediate metabolites than the LSC.These results suggested that the key to the lodging resistance formation of LRC is largely the higher lignin synthesis at the later grain-filling stage.Finally,breeding strategies for synergistically improving plant height and lodging resistance of hybrid wheat were put forward by comparing the LRC with the conventional wheat applied in large areas.

Hybrid Skin-Topological Effect Induced by Eight-Site Cells and Arbitrary Adjustment of the Localization of Topological Edge States

Hybrid skin-topological effect(HSTE)in non-Hermitian systems exhibits both the skin effect and topological protection,offering a novel mechanism for localization of topological edge states(TESs)in electrons,circuits,and photons.However,it remains unclear whether the HSTE can be realized in quasicrystals.