Drilling-based measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock and its field application

The technology of drilling tests makes it possible to obtain the strength parameter of rock accurately in situ. In this paper, a new rock cutting analysis model that considers the influence of the rock crushing zone(RCZ) is built. The formula for an ultimate cutting force is established based on the limit equilibrium principle. The relationship between digital drilling parameters(DDP) and the c-φ parameter(DDP-cφ formula, where c refers to the cohesion and φ refers to the internal friction angle) is derived, and the response of drilling parameters and cutting ratio to the strength parameters is analyzed. The drillingbased measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock is constructed. The laboratory verification test is then completed, and the difference in results between the drilling test and the compression test is less than 6%. On this basis, in-situ rock drilling tests in a traffic tunnel and a coal mine roadway are carried out, and the strength parameters of the surrounding rock are effectively tested. The average difference ratio of the results is less than 11%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method for obtaining the strength parameters based on digital drilling. This study provides methodological support for field testing of rock strength parameters.

A method to determine relevant geomechanical parameters for evaluating the hydraulic erodibility of rock

Among the methods used for evaluating the potential hydraulic erodibility of rock,the most common methods are those based on the correlation between the force of flowing water and the capacity of a rock to resist erosion,such as Annandale’s and Pells’methods.The capacity of a rock to resist erosion is evaluated based on erodibility indices that are determined from specific geomechanical parameters of a rock mass.These indices include unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of rock,rock block size,joint shear strength,a block’s shape and orientation relative to the direction of flow,joint openings,and the nature of the surface to be potentially eroded.However,it is difficult to determine the relevant geomechanical parameters for evaluating the hydraulic erodibility of rock.The assessment of eroded unlined spillways of dams has shown that the capacity of a rock to resist erosion is not accurately evaluated.Using more than 100 case studies,we develop a method to determine the relevant geomechanical parameters for evaluating the hydraulic erodibility of rock in unlined spillways.The UCS of rock is found not to be a relevant parameter for evaluating the hydraulic erodibility of rock.On the other hand,we find that the use of three-dimensional(3D)block volume measurements,instead of the block size factor used in Annandale’s method,improves the rock block size estimation.Furthermore,the parameter representing the effect of a rock block’s shape and orientation relative to the direction of flow,as considered in Pells’method,is more accurate than the parameter adopted by Annandale’s method.

Simulation on Calculation Accuracy of Three Methods for Live Line Measuring the Parameters of Transmission Lines with Mutual Inductance

Live line measurement methods can reduce the loss of power outages and eliminate interference. There are three live line measurement methods including integral method, differential method and algebraic method. A simulation model of?two coupled parallel transmission lines spanning on the same towers is built in PSCAD and the calculation errors of these three methods are compared with different sampling frequencies by using of Matlab. The effect of harmonic on calculation is also involved. The simulation results indicate that harmonic has the least effect on the algebraic method which provides stable result and small error.

Structural modal parameter identifi cation and damage diagnosis based on Hilbert-Huang transform

Traditional modal parameter identifi cation methods have many disadvantages,especially when used for processing nonlinear and non-stationary signals.In addition,they are usually not able to accurately identify the damping ratio and damage.In this study,methods based on the Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) are investigated for structural modal parameter identifi cation and damage diagnosis.First,mirror extension and prediction via a radial basis function(RBF) neural network are used to restrain the troublesome end-effect issue in empirical mode decomposition(EMD),which is a crucial part of HHT.Then,the approaches based on HHT combined with other techniques,such as the random decrement technique(RDT),natural excitation technique(NExT) and stochastic subspace identifi cation(SSI),are proposed to identify modal parameters of structures.Furthermore,a damage diagnosis method based on the HHT is also proposed.Time-varying instantaneous frequency and instantaneous energy are used to identify the damage evolution of the structure.The relative amplitude of the Hilbert marginal spectrum is used to identify the damage location of the structure.Finally,acceleration records at gauge points from shaking table testing of a 12-story reinforced concrete frame model are taken to validate the proposed approaches.The results show that the proposed approaches based on HHT for modal parameter identifi cation and damage diagnosis are reliable and practical.

Inverse modelling of aquifer parameters in basaltic rock with the help of pumping test method using MODFLOW software

The origin and movement of groundwater are the fundamental questions that address both the temporal and spatial aspects of ground water run and water supply related issues in hydrological systems.As groundwater flows through an aquifer,its composition and temperature may variation dependent on the aquifer condition through which it flows.Thus,hydrologic investigations can also provide useful information about the subsurface geology of a region.But because such studies investigate processes that follow under the Earth's shallow,obtaining the information necessary to answer these questions is not continuously easy.Springs,which discharge groundwater table directly,afford to study subsurface hydrogeological processes.The present study of estimation of aquifer factors such as transmissivity(T)and storativity(S)are vital for the evaluation of groundwater resources.There are several methods to estimate the accurate aquifer parameters(i.e.hydrograph analysis,pumping test,etc.).In initial days,these parameters are projected either by means of in-situ test or execution test on aquifer well samples carried in the laboratory.The simultaneous information on the hydraulic behavior of the well(borehole)that provides on this method,the reservoir and the reservoir boundaries,are important for efficient aquifer and well data management and analysis.The most common in-situ test is pumping test performed on wells,which involves the measurement of the fall and increase of groundwater level with respect to time.The alteration in groundwater level(drawdown/recovery)is caused due to pumping of water from the well.Theis(1935)was first to propose method to evaluate aquifer parameters from the pumping test on a bore well in a confined aquifer.It is essential to know the transmissivity(T=Kb,where b is the aquifer thickness;pumping flow rate,Q=TW(dh/dl)flow through an aquifer)and storativity(confined aquifer:S=bS_s,unconfined:S=S_y),for the characterization of the aquifer parameters in an unknown area so as to predict the rate of drawdown of the groundwater table/potentiometric surface throughout the pumping test of an aquifer.The determination of aquifer's parameters is an important basis for groundwater resources evaluation,numerical simulation,development and protection as well as scientific management.For determining aquifer's parameters,pumping test is a main method.A case study shows that these techniques have been fast speed and high correctness.The results of parameter's determination are optimized so that it has important applied value for scientific research and geology engineering preparation.

Singularity of Some Software Reliability Models and Parameter Estimation Method

According to the principle, “The failure data is the basis of software reliability analysis”, we built a software reliability expert system (SRES) by adopting the artificial intelligence technology. By reasoning out the conclusion from the fitting results of failure data of a software project, the SRES can recommend users “the most suitable model” as a software reliability measurement model. We believe that the SRES can overcome the inconsistency in applications of software reliability models well. We report investigation results of singularity and parameter estimation methods of experimental models in SRES.

Application of Uniform Experimental Design in Optimizing Excitation Parameters for Magnetic Frequency Mixing Measurements

Excitation parameter preferences are key factors a ecting the performance of magnetic frequency mixing detection.A uniform experimental design method was used to analyze this influence.Using fuzzy theory,a comprehensive model is established for evaluating the e ect of magnetic frequency mixing.A polynomial is selected as the regression function to express explicitly the correlation between the excitation parameters and the frequency-mixing e ect.The excitation parameters were then optimized using genetic algorithm.Magnetic frequency mixing experiments were conducted to measure the surface hardness of some ferromagnetic materials.Frequency mixing is further enhanced under the optimal settings,resulting in an improvement in the measurement sensitivity.The results of this study support the application of the magnetic frequency mixing technique in non-destructive testing.

Low frequency characteristic parameters measurement of vented-box loudspeaker system using total least squares method

The interrelationship between the ARMA model parameters of a vented-box loud-speaker system and lowthequency characteristic parameters is analysed in this paper. These AANA model parameters are deterndned by the total least squares (TLS) method. Therefore, we can measure in the timedomain the fow frequency characteristic parameters of a vented-box loudspeaker system, its impendance curvs and low-frquency response curves. These measured results show a satisfactory agreement with the values obtained by the frequency-domain measurement.

RESEARCH ON OPTICAL METHOD OF MONITORING PHOTOCATHODE PROCESS

The principle of an optical method of photocathode processing control, which is one ofphotocathode processing monitoring techniques, is discussed. A designed monitoring apparatus is describedand has been applied to investigate the optical parameters of multialkali photoemitter during the process offabrication. Some actual schemes using the method to monitor the preparation of photocathodεs are sug-gested.

Productivity simulation of hydraulically fractured wells based on hybrid local grid refinement and embedded discrete fracture model

Using current Embedded Discrete Fracture Models(EDFM) to predict the productivity of fractured wells has some drawbacks, such as not supporting corner grid, low precision in the near wellbore zone, and disregarding the heterogeneity of conductivity brought by non-uniform sand concentration. An EDFM is developed based on the corner grid, which enables high efficient calculation of the transmissibility between the embedded fractures and matrix grids, and calculation of the permeability of each polygon in the embedded fractures by the lattice data of the artificial fracture aperture. On this basis, a coupling method of local grid refinement(LGR) and embedded discrete fracture model is designed, which is verified by comparing the calculation results with the Discrete Fracture Network(DFN) method and fitting the actual production data of the first hydraulically fractured well in Iraq. By using this method and orthogonal experimental design, the optimization of the parameters of the first multi-stage fractured horizontal well in the same block is completed. The results show the proposed method has theoretical and practical significance for improving the adaptability of EDFM and the accuracy of productivity prediction of fractured wells, and enables the coupling of fracture modeling and numerical productivity simulation at reservoir scale.

混合热工和水力特性的风机盘管系统建模

针对风机盘管系统建模研究中大多数未考虑水力学特性对其的影响,本文提出混合热工和水力特性的风机盘管系统建模方法,以满足实际工程中对于风机盘管系统控制的数学模型需要.在水力学模型中考虑风机盘管电动水阀,基于基尔霍夫定律建立水力平衡方程,通过遗传–粒子群相结合的优化算法(GA-PSO)求解各个盘管的水流量及对应的阀门开度;以水流量为输入,考虑风机盘管风量,采用非线性最小二乘法辨识求解其总传热系数,建立基于牛顿冷却定律的风机盘管热力学模型.实验结果表明:混合热工和水力特性的建模方法能够更好的反应风机盘管的物理过程;GA-PSO算法具有很好的稳定性和收敛性,能够更准确的求解水流量及对应的阀门开度,与实际运行数据的相对误差不超过1%;热力学模型在各种实际工况下的模型误差都低于4%,能够精确反映风机盘管的传热过程.

基于混合优化算法的电磁监测裂缝参数识别

压裂实时监测是水力压裂效果评价和工程参数优化的重要保障措施之一。传统电磁监测裂缝参数识别方法的准确性和精度难以保证,影响了监测效果。为了提高裂缝参数识别能力,提出了一种基于海洋捕食者密度聚类混合优化算法的电磁监测裂缝参数识别方法。利用海洋捕食者算法(MPA)进行多次寻优,以每次寻优结果作为初始数据集,然后,利用密度聚类算法(DBSCAN)进行聚类,构建中间样本数据集,最后,抽取该样本数据中值作为最终输出结果。采用Rastrigin函数进行测试,分析混合优化算法寻优能力。测试结果表明,相对粒子群优化算法(PSO),MPA算法单次寻优效果较佳。但两种算法寻优结果均具有较强随机性,其中,PSO和MPA算法50次寻优精度分别为10^(-7)~10^(2)和10^(-10)~10^(-2),而改进的混合优化算法寻优效果更稳定,寻优精度达10^(-7)。构建缝长、方位压裂模型并进行了数值模拟实验,结果表明,在噪声低于15%时,缝长和方位识别平均绝对误差分别小于1 m和1°。利用改进的算法对四川盆地某井页岩气压裂电磁监测实测数据进行分析,确定了裂缝改造的长度(缝长)与方位。实例分析结果验证了改进算法的可行性和有效性。

郑州市暴雨强度公式计算与对比分析

为真实客观地反映郑州市近年来暴雨特征变化,进一步优化郑州市暴雨强度公式,选取2000~2022年11个降雨历时的年最大暴雨量,采用最小二乘法、遗传算法、拟牛顿法优化了郑州市暴雨强度公式参数,并与郑州市2002年暴雨强度公式以及2023年暴雨强度公式进行对比分析。结果表明,郑州市暴雨强度公式在指数分布中采用拟牛顿法拟合误差最小,最终确定的优化参数A1为11.312、C为2.968、b为19.8、n为0.900;在不同重现期暴雨条件下,优化公式相对于2002年公式呈现出完全不同的极值分布情况,即“大的更大、小的更小”,而与2023年公式的雨强相差较小;在不同降雨情景管网水力运行特征中,优化公式与2023年公式的模拟结果高度一致,两者在预测郑州市内涝情况整体上具有相似的准确性和可靠性,对城市排水防涝具有一定的指导作用。

液压机械臂的接触作业控制方法进展

【目的】液压机械臂具备负载能力强、响应速度快、无极调速范围大、受辐射电磁干扰小等特点,被广泛应用于隧道掘进装备、桥梁建设装备等交通基础设施建设领域。文章旨在总结液压机械臂的接触作业控制方法,介绍力与位置精确协调控制方法,最后对其未来的研究方向提出展望。【方法】在实际工程应用中,液压机械臂常常要与外界环境进行接触,而其接触作业控制涉及与位置的精确协调控制,而力与位置的精确控制需要精准的动力学模型和末端力的精准估计。【结果】国内外学者针对力与位置精确协调控制进行深入研究,在实现液压机械臂稳定、准确、安全接触作业取得了一些重要的研究成果。【结论】针对这些成果,阐述了液压机械臂在动力学建模、动力学参数辨识、末端接触力估计方法和柔顺控制等方面的研究内容,并且对下一步的研究提出了建议和展望。

近场声全息重建参数对隔声测量精度的影响

等效源法近场声全息可以开展建筑构件隔声测量的工作。采用近场声全息测量构件隔声量时,重建参数对声场重建结果影响显著。基于对等效源法近场声全息隔声测量理论的分析,利用传声器阵列测得构件表面的复声压信号,通过声场重建得到构件的隔声量和表面法向声强分布。为进一步探究重建参数对等效源法近场声全息隔声测量精度的影响,通过控制变量法在隔声室开展以传统声压法为对比的建筑构件隔声测量实验。结果表明:当等效源面位置从-2 cm变化至-5 cm时,表面法向声强的重建平均误差值由3.9 dB增大至5.6 dB,隔声量的重建平均误差值由5.2 dB增大至6.9 dB,测量误差随等效源面距离而增大,因此等效源面宜靠近声源面;当全息测量面距离为4、8和16 cm时,表面法向声强的重建平均误差值分别为0.6、1.9和5.5 dB,隔声量的重建平均误差值分别为0.9、1.4和4.6 dB,测量误差随全息测量面距离而增大,因此建议全息测量面距离保持在8 cm之内;当等效源点数目与全息面测点数目一致时,与传统声压法差异仅为0.84 dB,当二者数目不一致时,隔声量和表面法向声强平均误差值均增大至4.6~6.8 dB。通过对重建参数进行优选可以有效提高构件隔声测量精度,对实验室测量建筑构件隔声性能与方法有重要借鉴意义,同时在隔声测量技术的实际运用中有较高的参考价值。

基于遥测姿态变换的外测数据跟踪部位修正方法

外测数据跟踪部位修正对于飞行器飞行试验的高精度轨迹参数获取有着重要意义.提出一种基于飞行器遥测姿态数据和粗略轨迹参数的跟踪部位修正新方法,利用遥测姿态数据确定惯导平台中心与跟踪部位轨迹参数的变换关系,进而由粗略轨迹参数推算惯导平台中心与跟踪部位测距、径向速度、方位角和俯仰角的差异值,实现跟踪部位修正量的准确计算.采用误差传播法对粗略轨迹误差影响下的跟踪部位修正精度进行理论分析,验证了该修正方法在实际应用中的有效性.进一步通过仿真实验和实装实验检验了修正精度.结果表明跟踪部位修正量的计算误差远小于外测系统的精度指标要求,有重要的实际应用价值.

基于附加阻尼的水轮机调速系统优化控制研究

针对水轮机调速系统引发电力系统发生超低频振荡的问题,提出一种调速侧附加阻尼控制策略。首先,基于阻尼转矩法,分析得出水轮机调速系统产生的负阻尼是造成电力系统发生超低频振荡的主要原因;其次,推导调速系统的阻尼转矩系数表达式,证明该系数与水锤效应时间常数及调速器PID参数密切相关;然后,依托附加阻尼控制策略,在系统调速侧引入正阻尼补偿,并采用灰狼优化算法整定调速器PID参数,以进一步改善系统阻尼特性;最后,在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台搭建单机、四机两区域系统进行仿真验证,结果表明所提控制策略能够明显改善调速系统的阻尼特性,有效抑制超低频振荡。

面向油品参数快速计量的高精度傅里叶近红外光谱仪

针对油品现场检测中实时性和准确度的需要,研制了一种面向油品参数快速计量的高精度傅里叶近红外光谱仪。该光谱仪采用相干长度扩增方法,可快速定位有效信号;通过驱动采集控制系统对傅里叶近红外检测光路进行100 nm等间隔的干涉调制,最终由傅里叶逆变换解析出的吸收光谱分辨力可达3.25 cm^(-1)。用该光谱仪对汽油样品进行质量检测的结果表明:该光谱仪可在短时间内对汽油中5种物质含量进行快速计量,其最大体积误差不超过0.7%,可以满足油品参数现场计量的需求,对市场中成品油质量的监管具有重要意义。

基于动态阈值分割法的接触轨图像关键特征点提取方法研究

在地铁系统中,接触轨的状态对于牵引供电系统的安全性至关重要,一旦接触轨几何参数超出正常范围,不仅会导致集电靴无法正常取流,进而影响运营车辆的顺畅运行,而且在极端情况下,还可能引发严重的安全事故。传统的接触轨几何参数测量方法在采集图像时通常面临背景复杂、干扰图像多等问题,以致检测数据量少、检测密度低,从而难以精确提取接触轨的关键特征信息。针对这一问题,文章提出一种新的方法,即结合动态阈值分割法、直线拟合以及投影计算的方式,有效解决接触轨特征点提取的难点,实现几何参数的精确测量。该方法不仅能够准确捕捉到接触轨的细微变化,还能够确保测量结果的可靠性和准确性。为进一步提高测量的便捷性和实用性,研究过程中同步研制出一套接触轨几何参数的便携式测量装置,并在地铁线路上进行现场应用示范,为实际运营中的接触轨状态监测提供有力的技术支持。

明渠非标准断面法测流水位流量关系的率定及影响因素分析

为探究明渠非标准断面法测流的水位流量关系曲线的率定问题,以新疆第三师某团场25处渠道量水断面为研究对象,利用FlowTracker 2手持式声学多普勒流速仪进行了水位流量关系率定工作.根据实测结果,率定了各渠道量水断面的水位流量关系曲线,并对所率定出的曲线进行了符号检验、适线检验和偏离数值检验及误差分析,在此基础上,对流量拟合参数的影响因素进行了分析.结果表明:所率定的25处渠道量水断面中,14处具有稳定的水位流量关系,5处受回水影响、6处受渠道淤积影响为不稳定的水位流量关系;在渠道粗糙系数Ra、边坡系数m及坡降i相同的条件下,流量拟合参数与渠道底宽b总体上呈正相关;在渠道粗糙系数Ra、边坡系数m及底宽b相同的条件下,流量拟合参数与渠道坡降i总体上呈负相关.研究结果可以为灌区自动化量水设备测流准确性的校核提供参考依据.