The experimental tests were carried out on a single cylinder hydrogen fueled spark ignition(SI)generator set with different spark timings(4-20℃A bTDC),exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)up to 28% by volume and water injec...The experimental tests were carried out on a single cylinder hydrogen fueled spark ignition(SI)generator set with different spark timings(4-20℃A bTDC),exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)up to 28% by volume and water injection up to 1.95 kg/h(maximum water to fuel mass ratio of 8:1).The engine speed was kept constant of 3000 r/min.The NOx emission and thermal efficiency of engine with gasoline and hydrogen fuel operation at 1.4 kW power output are 5 g/kWh and 12.1 g/kWh,and 15% and 20.9% respectively.In order to reduce the NOx emission at source level,retarding spark timing,exhaust gas recirculation(EGR),and water injection techniques were studied.Nox emission decreased with spark timing retardation,EGR,and water injection.NOx emission with hydrogen at 1.4 kW power output decreased from 12.1 g/kWh with maximum brake torque(MBT)spark timing(10℃A bTDC)to 8.1 g/kWh with retarded spark timing(4℃A bTDC)due to decrease in the in-cylinder peak pressure and temperature.The Nox emission decreased to 6.1 g/kWh with 20% EGR due to thermal and chemical dilution effect.However,thermal efficiency decreased about 33% and 17% with spark timing retardation and 20EGR respectively as compared to that of MBT spark timing.But,in the case of water injection,the NOx emission decreased significantly without affecting the thermal efficiency of the engine and it is 5.6 g/kWh with water-hydrogen ratio of 4:1(water flow rate of 0.92 kg/h).Water injection is the best suitable method to reduce the NOx emission in a hydrogen fueled engine compared with the spark timing retardation and EGR technique.展开更多
以168F汽油机为样机,采用自主开发的通用小型汽油机低压电控燃油喷射系统,按照美国EPA排放试验循环工况,对35 k Pa、70 k Pa和0.3 MPa喷射压力下发动机燃烧特性与排放特性进行试验研究。得出小型汽油机采用不同喷射压力喷油,可通过喷油...以168F汽油机为样机,采用自主开发的通用小型汽油机低压电控燃油喷射系统,按照美国EPA排放试验循环工况,对35 k Pa、70 k Pa和0.3 MPa喷射压力下发动机燃烧特性与排放特性进行试验研究。得出小型汽油机采用不同喷射压力喷油,可通过喷油脉宽控制使各工况点过量空气系数无明显差异,能实现以低排放为目标开环控制的电控低压喷射并能优化汽油机的综合性能。降低喷射压力,发动机标定工况缸内最大爆发压力略有降低,最大爆发压力对应曲轴转角推迟。随着喷射压力降低,燃烧持续期略有增加,缸内最高燃烧温度下降,CO排放值几乎保持不变,HC排放值呈上升趋势,NOX排放值则呈下降趋势,有效燃油消耗率略有增加。用喷油压力分别为35 k Pa、70 k Pa和0.3 MPa喷油,CO比排放分别为259.9、258.5和258.3 g/(k W·h);HC+NOX比排放分别为7.41、7.35和6.99 g/(k W·h)。相对于使用化油器供油的原机而言,电控样机整机动力性不变,排放和经济性能明显提高。采用35k Pa的低压电控喷射系统小型汽油机能满足美国EPAⅢ排放法规限值要求,起动性能、运转稳定性明显改善,能降低整机电控系统的成本,可推动整个通用小型汽油机行业电控化发展。展开更多
文摘The experimental tests were carried out on a single cylinder hydrogen fueled spark ignition(SI)generator set with different spark timings(4-20℃A bTDC),exhaust gas recirculation(EGR)up to 28% by volume and water injection up to 1.95 kg/h(maximum water to fuel mass ratio of 8:1).The engine speed was kept constant of 3000 r/min.The NOx emission and thermal efficiency of engine with gasoline and hydrogen fuel operation at 1.4 kW power output are 5 g/kWh and 12.1 g/kWh,and 15% and 20.9% respectively.In order to reduce the NOx emission at source level,retarding spark timing,exhaust gas recirculation(EGR),and water injection techniques were studied.Nox emission decreased with spark timing retardation,EGR,and water injection.NOx emission with hydrogen at 1.4 kW power output decreased from 12.1 g/kWh with maximum brake torque(MBT)spark timing(10℃A bTDC)to 8.1 g/kWh with retarded spark timing(4℃A bTDC)due to decrease in the in-cylinder peak pressure and temperature.The Nox emission decreased to 6.1 g/kWh with 20% EGR due to thermal and chemical dilution effect.However,thermal efficiency decreased about 33% and 17% with spark timing retardation and 20EGR respectively as compared to that of MBT spark timing.But,in the case of water injection,the NOx emission decreased significantly without affecting the thermal efficiency of the engine and it is 5.6 g/kWh with water-hydrogen ratio of 4:1(water flow rate of 0.92 kg/h).Water injection is the best suitable method to reduce the NOx emission in a hydrogen fueled engine compared with the spark timing retardation and EGR technique.
文摘以168F汽油机为样机,采用自主开发的通用小型汽油机低压电控燃油喷射系统,按照美国EPA排放试验循环工况,对35 k Pa、70 k Pa和0.3 MPa喷射压力下发动机燃烧特性与排放特性进行试验研究。得出小型汽油机采用不同喷射压力喷油,可通过喷油脉宽控制使各工况点过量空气系数无明显差异,能实现以低排放为目标开环控制的电控低压喷射并能优化汽油机的综合性能。降低喷射压力,发动机标定工况缸内最大爆发压力略有降低,最大爆发压力对应曲轴转角推迟。随着喷射压力降低,燃烧持续期略有增加,缸内最高燃烧温度下降,CO排放值几乎保持不变,HC排放值呈上升趋势,NOX排放值则呈下降趋势,有效燃油消耗率略有增加。用喷油压力分别为35 k Pa、70 k Pa和0.3 MPa喷油,CO比排放分别为259.9、258.5和258.3 g/(k W·h);HC+NOX比排放分别为7.41、7.35和6.99 g/(k W·h)。相对于使用化油器供油的原机而言,电控样机整机动力性不变,排放和经济性能明显提高。采用35k Pa的低压电控喷射系统小型汽油机能满足美国EPAⅢ排放法规限值要求,起动性能、运转稳定性明显改善,能降低整机电控系统的成本,可推动整个通用小型汽油机行业电控化发展。