Hydrogen index （HI） analysis has been extensively applied in the research on the characteristics of oil source rock, and can be used as an index to evaluate lake environment due to its advantages of less analytic am...Hydrogen index （HI） analysis has been extensively applied in the research on the characteristics of oil source rock, and can be used as an index to evaluate lake environment due to its advantages of less analytic amount, quickness and cheapness, and good result has been obtained. According to HI of sedimentary organic matter, TOC and its δ<sup>13</sup>C of RH core, the environmental significance indicated by HI is discussed.展开更多
With a growing population, an increasing number of petrochemical facilities are built with larger capacity and more complexity, which pose a great risk to assets, community and environment. The value of inherently saf...With a growing population, an increasing number of petrochemical facilities are built with larger capacity and more complexity, which pose a great risk to assets, community and environment. The value of inherently safer design is recognized with time by all stakeholders, and an effective tool is needed to evaluate and compare inherent safety of alternative technologies. This study developed a safety index to evaluate existing technologies for their safety levels and guide inherently safer design. The Integrated Risk-based Safety Index(IRSI) was developed based on a comprehensive review of petrochemical processes, incident cases from Sinopec and US Chemical Safety Board, and existing safety index systems. The IRSI included all major hazards, including fire, explosion,toxic release, dust explosion, physical explosion, and runaway. Also, the integrated life cycle approach considered chemical hazards, equipment failure rates and safety measures in this risk-based index. Advanced modeling techniques, PHAST simulation and Neural Network, were used in the development of three novel sub-indices in the projects, fire, explosion and toxic release. The index system could be easily incorporated into a user friendly tool for the ease of application. A case study of hydrogen dioxide was conducted using the IRSI, which showed its capability for evaluating the safety level of process facilities.展开更多
Because of the influence of hydrocarbons,especially adsorbed hydrocarbons,on the detection of cracked hydrocarbon(S2)and total organic carbon(TOC),the hydrogen index(HI)-based hydrocarbon generation model deviates fro...Because of the influence of hydrocarbons,especially adsorbed hydrocarbons,on the detection of cracked hydrocarbon(S2)and total organic carbon(TOC),the hydrogen index(HI)-based hydrocarbon generation model deviates from actual practice.In this study,the shale in the first member of the Qingshankou Formation in the central depression of the Songliao Basin,where in northeastern China,was taken as the research object and a correction method for S2 and TOC was established.By correcting the experimental results of different maturity samples,the actual hydrocarbon generation model has been revealed,the differences before and after correction compared,and the evolutionary characteristics of the adsorbed hydrocarbon content were clarified.The results show that the organic matter enters the hydrocarbon generation threshold at R_(o)-0.5% and reaches the hydrocarbon generation peak at R_(o)-1.0% and that the hydrocarbon generation process ends at R_(o)-1.3%.The hydrocarbon generation model established based on the measured values has a‘lag effect’compared to actual values,and this extends the hydrocarbon generation window of organic matter and delays the hydrocarbon generation peak.With the increase of maturity,adsorbed hydrocarbon content shows the characteristics of‘first increasing,then stabilizing,and then decreasing’,and reache s the most abundant stage at Roof 0.9%-1.3%.展开更多
This work used organic geochemistry and organic petrology to study the depositional environment,organic matter characteristics,and thermal maturity of the Cambrian-Ordovician organic-rich marine shales in the Baltic B...This work used organic geochemistry and organic petrology to study the depositional environment,organic matter characteristics,and thermal maturity of the Cambrian-Ordovician organic-rich marine shales in the Baltic Basin.The main macerals in Cambrian samples include alginite,bituminite and solid bitumen,while zooclastic macerals become the major proportion of organic matter in the Ordovician samples.As the maturity increase,solid bitumen becomes abundant and dispersed.Semifusinite-like maceral was observed only in Furongian of well DBH15/73,which probably indicates the local intrusion of Permo-Carboniferous dolerite dikes.The programmed pyrolysis results show that immature,early mature,and over-mature samples are developed.However,the data of high-uranium Furongian samples were greatly altered by igneous intrusives from local dikes.HIo calculation model is simulated based on pyrolysis data and fitted according to the least-square fitting method.The simulated fitting HIo:400mg HC/g TOC(369.5 mg HC/g TOC,430.5 mg HC/g TOC as 95%confidence bounds)is within the worldwide marine shale HI_(o)and indicates a marine anoxia and transgressive sea with shallow water column(organofacies B).展开更多
Through the hydrogenation experiments for removal of olefin impurities in effluent mixture obtained from alkylation reactor for linear alkylbenzene synthesis, the reaction kinetics was studied. The experimental result...Through the hydrogenation experiments for removal of olefin impurities in effluent mixture obtained from alkylation reactor for linear alkylbenzene synthesis, the reaction kinetics was studied. The experimental results showed that the catalytic activity of Pd/Al2 O3 among four kinds of catalysts was the highest, and the olefin conversion reached 100%when the reaction temperature was higher than 140 ℃. The kinetic model was established through parameters estimation.The experimental validation of the kinetic model showed that the kinetic model had higher simulation accuracy. The results of prediction by the kinetic model indicated that with the intensification of reaction conditions, the olefin conversion would increase and the bromine index of the linear alkyl benzene would decrease. Under the conditions covering a WHSV of 2.0 h^(-1),a temperature of 90 ℃, and a hydrogen partial pressure of 1.5 MPa, the olefin conversion was 99.67%, and the bromine index of the linear alkyl benzene could be reduced to less than 20.00 mgBr/(100 g).展开更多
基金National Natural Science FoundationNational Climbing Programrae of China
文摘Hydrogen index （HI） analysis has been extensively applied in the research on the characteristics of oil source rock, and can be used as an index to evaluate lake environment due to its advantages of less analytic amount, quickness and cheapness, and good result has been obtained. According to HI of sedimentary organic matter, TOC and its δ<sup>13</sup>C of RH core, the environmental significance indicated by HI is discussed.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0301701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(21606258).
文摘With a growing population, an increasing number of petrochemical facilities are built with larger capacity and more complexity, which pose a great risk to assets, community and environment. The value of inherently safer design is recognized with time by all stakeholders, and an effective tool is needed to evaluate and compare inherent safety of alternative technologies. This study developed a safety index to evaluate existing technologies for their safety levels and guide inherently safer design. The Integrated Risk-based Safety Index(IRSI) was developed based on a comprehensive review of petrochemical processes, incident cases from Sinopec and US Chemical Safety Board, and existing safety index systems. The IRSI included all major hazards, including fire, explosion,toxic release, dust explosion, physical explosion, and runaway. Also, the integrated life cycle approach considered chemical hazards, equipment failure rates and safety measures in this risk-based index. Advanced modeling techniques, PHAST simulation and Neural Network, were used in the development of three novel sub-indices in the projects, fire, explosion and toxic release. The index system could be easily incorporated into a user friendly tool for the ease of application. A case study of hydrogen dioxide was conducted using the IRSI, which showed its capability for evaluating the safety level of process facilities.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42072147)the Qingdao Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.ZX20210070)。
文摘Because of the influence of hydrocarbons,especially adsorbed hydrocarbons,on the detection of cracked hydrocarbon(S2)and total organic carbon(TOC),the hydrogen index(HI)-based hydrocarbon generation model deviates from actual practice.In this study,the shale in the first member of the Qingshankou Formation in the central depression of the Songliao Basin,where in northeastern China,was taken as the research object and a correction method for S2 and TOC was established.By correcting the experimental results of different maturity samples,the actual hydrocarbon generation model has been revealed,the differences before and after correction compared,and the evolutionary characteristics of the adsorbed hydrocarbon content were clarified.The results show that the organic matter enters the hydrocarbon generation threshold at R_(o)-0.5% and reaches the hydrocarbon generation peak at R_(o)-1.0% and that the hydrocarbon generation process ends at R_(o)-1.3%.The hydrocarbon generation model established based on the measured values has a‘lag effect’compared to actual values,and this extends the hydrocarbon generation window of organic matter and delays the hydrocarbon generation peak.With the increase of maturity,adsorbed hydrocarbon content shows the characteristics of‘first increasing,then stabilizing,and then decreasing’,and reache s the most abundant stage at Roof 0.9%-1.3%.
文摘This work used organic geochemistry and organic petrology to study the depositional environment,organic matter characteristics,and thermal maturity of the Cambrian-Ordovician organic-rich marine shales in the Baltic Basin.The main macerals in Cambrian samples include alginite,bituminite and solid bitumen,while zooclastic macerals become the major proportion of organic matter in the Ordovician samples.As the maturity increase,solid bitumen becomes abundant and dispersed.Semifusinite-like maceral was observed only in Furongian of well DBH15/73,which probably indicates the local intrusion of Permo-Carboniferous dolerite dikes.The programmed pyrolysis results show that immature,early mature,and over-mature samples are developed.However,the data of high-uranium Furongian samples were greatly altered by igneous intrusives from local dikes.HIo calculation model is simulated based on pyrolysis data and fitted according to the least-square fitting method.The simulated fitting HIo:400mg HC/g TOC(369.5 mg HC/g TOC,430.5 mg HC/g TOC as 95%confidence bounds)is within the worldwide marine shale HI_(o)and indicates a marine anoxia and transgressive sea with shallow water column(organofacies B).
文摘Through the hydrogenation experiments for removal of olefin impurities in effluent mixture obtained from alkylation reactor for linear alkylbenzene synthesis, the reaction kinetics was studied. The experimental results showed that the catalytic activity of Pd/Al2 O3 among four kinds of catalysts was the highest, and the olefin conversion reached 100%when the reaction temperature was higher than 140 ℃. The kinetic model was established through parameters estimation.The experimental validation of the kinetic model showed that the kinetic model had higher simulation accuracy. The results of prediction by the kinetic model indicated that with the intensification of reaction conditions, the olefin conversion would increase and the bromine index of the linear alkyl benzene would decrease. Under the conditions covering a WHSV of 2.0 h^(-1),a temperature of 90 ℃, and a hydrogen partial pressure of 1.5 MPa, the olefin conversion was 99.67%, and the bromine index of the linear alkyl benzene could be reduced to less than 20.00 mgBr/(100 g).
