Six carbon powders with varied surface areas and porosities were used to store and release acetaminophen (ACT). A 10 mg/mL solution of acetaminophen in phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.0) at 25℃ with exposure to car...Six carbon powders with varied surface areas and porosities were used to store and release acetaminophen (ACT). A 10 mg/mL solution of acetaminophen in phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.0) at 25℃ with exposure to carbon powder for 72 hours was used to drive the maximum loading of acetaminophen into the powders. Carboxen 1012 (BET surface area of1500 m2/g) powder exhibited the greatest maximum adsorption of ACT (up to 62% by mass). The maximum ACT adsorption was correlated with surface area and porosity. The most effective carbon powders for binding ACT were ones containing high mesopore volumes. Loaded carbon powder was separated from the ACT solution and then phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.0) was combined with the loaded carbon powder and ACT absorbance readings at 243 nm were taken over time. The various carbon powders were able to release a portion of the ACT that they originally adsorbed. The Carboxen 1012 powder displayed the greatest ACT release with a rapid initial release followed by a steady but slightly declining release over a time period of 2 to 11 weeks. The results were supportive of mesoporous carbons such as Carboxen 1012 being suitable for drug loading and release.展开更多
Evidences show that the storage period greatly affects the quality of yogurt.In this study,three types of yogurt:control yogurt(CY),non-hydrolyzed potato powder yogurt(PPY)and enzymatically hydrolyzed potato powder yo...Evidences show that the storage period greatly affects the quality of yogurt.In this study,three types of yogurt:control yogurt(CY),non-hydrolyzed potato powder yogurt(PPY)and enzymatically hydrolyzed potato powder yogurt(EHPPY)were prepared at 42℃ for 5 h and stored for 28 days at 4℃.The yogurts were evaluated for quality characteristics at different storage periods.Negligible differences in pH values,titratable acidities and viable counts were detected in all three types of yogurt during storage.However,compared to other yogurts,EHPPY exhibited desirable water holding capacity,throughout the storage period.Apart from this,sensory properties and antioxidant activities(2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH)free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP))of EHPPY were also significantly improved during the storage period.Furthermore,the storage(G’)and loss(G”)modulus of PPY,EHPPY were lower than CY at 4℃ while a hysteresis loop was shown by all yogurts at the temperature range of 4-50℃ indicating higher G’(elasticity)than G”(viscosity).Based on our findings,EHPP could be an important functional ingredient in improving the quality and storage stability of yogurt for its production at an industrial level.展开更多
为延长真空冷冻干燥香椿粉的货架期,分别采用聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)密封袋、铝箔密封袋、复合真空袋、铝箔真空袋对香椿粉进行包装,在(55±1)℃高温、(40±3)%相对湿度条件下进行加速实验,研究香椿粉贮藏期间感官、水分、色...为延长真空冷冻干燥香椿粉的货架期,分别采用聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)密封袋、铝箔密封袋、复合真空袋、铝箔真空袋对香椿粉进行包装,在(55±1)℃高温、(40±3)%相对湿度条件下进行加速实验,研究香椿粉贮藏期间感官、水分、色泽、风味成分及菌落总数的变化。结果表明:随着贮藏时间延长,采用PE密封包装贮藏的香椿粉吸潮、褐变严重,菌落总数显著上升;而铝箔真空包装贮藏的香椿粉中水分含量、色泽及菌落总数未发生明显变化;不同包装贮藏的香椿粉中共鉴定出56种挥发性化合物,包括醇类13种、醛类11种、酸类3种、萜烯类3种、酮类7种、酯类9种、醚类1种、含硫类2种、烷烃类3种、杂环类4种;挥发性化合物的主成分分析表明,不同包装贮藏的香椿粉样品可显著区分;通过正交偏最小二乘判别分析,结合变量投影重要性(variable importance in projection,VIP),共筛选出14种差异挥发性化合物(VIP>1),其聚类热图也可对不同包装贮藏样品进行较好分类。以铝箔真空包装形式效果最佳,铝箔密封、复合真空包装次之,PE密封包装的香椿粉水分、色泽、风味及微生物品质变化最大。展开更多
This study evaluates the on use of crushed rocks(remineralizers)to increase soil fertility levels and which contributed to increase agricultural productivity,recovery of degraded areas,decontamination of water,and car...This study evaluates the on use of crushed rocks(remineralizers)to increase soil fertility levels and which contributed to increase agricultural productivity,recovery of degraded areas,decontamination of water,and carbon sequestration.The use of these geological materials is part of the assumptions of rock technology and,indirectly,facilitates the achievement of sustainable development goals related to soil management,climate change,and the preservation of water resources.Research over the past 50 years on silicate rocks focused on soil fertility management and agricultural productivity.More recently,the combined use with microorganisms and organic correctives have shown positive results to mitigate soil degradation;to expand carbon sequestration and storage;and to contribute to the adsorption of contaminants from water and soil.In this article we show results obtained in several countries and we show that this technology can contribute to the sustainability of agriculture,as well as to reverse global warming.Although mineral nutrients are released more slowly from these types of inputs,they remain in the soil for a longer time,stimulating the soil biota.In addition,they are a technology to soluble synthetic fertilizers replace,since the few nutrients derived from such inputs not consumed by plants are lost by leaching,contaminating groundwater and water resources.In addition,conventional methods rely heavily on chemical pesticides which cause damage to soil’s microfauna(responsible for the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling)and the loss of organic carbon(in the form of dioxide),which is quickly dispersed in the atmosphere.Silicate rock powders are applied in natura,have long-lasting residual effects and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.展开更多
文摘Six carbon powders with varied surface areas and porosities were used to store and release acetaminophen (ACT). A 10 mg/mL solution of acetaminophen in phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.0) at 25℃ with exposure to carbon powder for 72 hours was used to drive the maximum loading of acetaminophen into the powders. Carboxen 1012 (BET surface area of1500 m2/g) powder exhibited the greatest maximum adsorption of ACT (up to 62% by mass). The maximum ACT adsorption was correlated with surface area and porosity. The most effective carbon powders for binding ACT were ones containing high mesopore volumes. Loaded carbon powder was separated from the ACT solution and then phosphate buffer solution (pH = 7.0) was combined with the loaded carbon powder and ACT absorbance readings at 243 nm were taken over time. The various carbon powders were able to release a portion of the ACT that they originally adsorbed. The Carboxen 1012 powder displayed the greatest ACT release with a rapid initial release followed by a steady but slightly declining release over a time period of 2 to 11 weeks. The results were supportive of mesoporous carbons such as Carboxen 1012 being suitable for drug loading and release.
基金financially supported by the Nature Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2018CFB269)
文摘Evidences show that the storage period greatly affects the quality of yogurt.In this study,three types of yogurt:control yogurt(CY),non-hydrolyzed potato powder yogurt(PPY)and enzymatically hydrolyzed potato powder yogurt(EHPPY)were prepared at 42℃ for 5 h and stored for 28 days at 4℃.The yogurts were evaluated for quality characteristics at different storage periods.Negligible differences in pH values,titratable acidities and viable counts were detected in all three types of yogurt during storage.However,compared to other yogurts,EHPPY exhibited desirable water holding capacity,throughout the storage period.Apart from this,sensory properties and antioxidant activities(2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH)free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP))of EHPPY were also significantly improved during the storage period.Furthermore,the storage(G’)and loss(G”)modulus of PPY,EHPPY were lower than CY at 4℃ while a hysteresis loop was shown by all yogurts at the temperature range of 4-50℃ indicating higher G’(elasticity)than G”(viscosity).Based on our findings,EHPP could be an important functional ingredient in improving the quality and storage stability of yogurt for its production at an industrial level.
文摘为延长真空冷冻干燥香椿粉的货架期,分别采用聚乙烯(polyethylene,PE)密封袋、铝箔密封袋、复合真空袋、铝箔真空袋对香椿粉进行包装,在(55±1)℃高温、(40±3)%相对湿度条件下进行加速实验,研究香椿粉贮藏期间感官、水分、色泽、风味成分及菌落总数的变化。结果表明:随着贮藏时间延长,采用PE密封包装贮藏的香椿粉吸潮、褐变严重,菌落总数显著上升;而铝箔真空包装贮藏的香椿粉中水分含量、色泽及菌落总数未发生明显变化;不同包装贮藏的香椿粉中共鉴定出56种挥发性化合物,包括醇类13种、醛类11种、酸类3种、萜烯类3种、酮类7种、酯类9种、醚类1种、含硫类2种、烷烃类3种、杂环类4种;挥发性化合物的主成分分析表明,不同包装贮藏的香椿粉样品可显著区分;通过正交偏最小二乘判别分析,结合变量投影重要性(variable importance in projection,VIP),共筛选出14种差异挥发性化合物(VIP>1),其聚类热图也可对不同包装贮藏样品进行较好分类。以铝箔真空包装形式效果最佳,铝箔密封、复合真空包装次之,PE密封包装的香椿粉水分、色泽、风味及微生物品质变化最大。
文摘This study evaluates the on use of crushed rocks(remineralizers)to increase soil fertility levels and which contributed to increase agricultural productivity,recovery of degraded areas,decontamination of water,and carbon sequestration.The use of these geological materials is part of the assumptions of rock technology and,indirectly,facilitates the achievement of sustainable development goals related to soil management,climate change,and the preservation of water resources.Research over the past 50 years on silicate rocks focused on soil fertility management and agricultural productivity.More recently,the combined use with microorganisms and organic correctives have shown positive results to mitigate soil degradation;to expand carbon sequestration and storage;and to contribute to the adsorption of contaminants from water and soil.In this article we show results obtained in several countries and we show that this technology can contribute to the sustainability of agriculture,as well as to reverse global warming.Although mineral nutrients are released more slowly from these types of inputs,they remain in the soil for a longer time,stimulating the soil biota.In addition,they are a technology to soluble synthetic fertilizers replace,since the few nutrients derived from such inputs not consumed by plants are lost by leaching,contaminating groundwater and water resources.In addition,conventional methods rely heavily on chemical pesticides which cause damage to soil’s microfauna(responsible for the decomposition of organic matter and nutrient cycling)and the loss of organic carbon(in the form of dioxide),which is quickly dispersed in the atmosphere.Silicate rock powders are applied in natura,have long-lasting residual effects and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
