Many landslide disasters,which tend to result in significant damage,are caused by typhoon-triggered rainstorms.In this case,it is very important to study the dynamic characteristics of the hydrological response of lan...Many landslide disasters,which tend to result in significant damage,are caused by typhoon-triggered rainstorms.In this case,it is very important to study the dynamic characteristics of the hydrological response of landslide bodies since it enables the early warning and prediction of landslide disasters in typhoon periods.To investigate the dynamic mechanisms of groundwater in a landslide body under typhoon-triggered rainstorm conditions,the authors selected the landslide occurring in Zhonglin Village,Wencheng County,China(also referred to as Zhonglin Village landslide)as a case study.The transient seepage field characteristics of groundwater in the landslide body were simulated with two different rainfall models by using the finite element method(FEM).The research results show that the impact of typhoon-triggered rainstorms on landslides can be divided into three stages:(i)Rapid rise of groundwater level;(ii)infiltration of groundwater from the surface to deeper level,and(iii)surface runoff erosion.Moreover,the infiltration rate of groundwater in the landslide body is mainly affected by the intensity of typhoon-induced rainfall.It can be deduced that higher rainfall intensity leads to a greater potential difference and a higher infiltration rate.The rainfall intensity also determines the development mode of landslide deformation and destruction.展开更多
针对具有物理机制的分布式水文模型对大流域、长序列模拟计算时间长、模拟速度慢的问题,引入基于GPU的并行计算技术,实现分布式水文模型WEP-L(water and energy transfer processes in large river basins)产流过程的并行化。选择鄱阳...针对具有物理机制的分布式水文模型对大流域、长序列模拟计算时间长、模拟速度慢的问题,引入基于GPU的并行计算技术,实现分布式水文模型WEP-L(water and energy transfer processes in large river basins)产流过程的并行化。选择鄱阳湖流域为实验区,采用计算能力为8.6的NVIDIA RTX A4000对算法性能进行测试。研究表明:提出的基于GPU的分布式水文模型并行算法具有良好的加速效果,当线程总数越接近划分的子流域个数(计算任务量)时,并行性能越好,在实验流域WEP-L模型子流域单元为8712个时,加速比最大达到2.5左右;随着计算任务量的增加,加速比逐渐增大,当实验流域WEP-L模型子流域单元增加到24897个时,加速比能达到3.5,表明GPU并行算法在大尺度流域分布式水文模型计算中具有良好的发展潜力。展开更多
This paper presents a new grid-associated algorithm to improve the performance of a D8 algorithm based distributed hydrological model computation.The algorithm is based on the well known single-flow D8 algorithm of gr...This paper presents a new grid-associated algorithm to improve the performance of a D8 algorithm based distributed hydrological model computation.The algorithm is based on the well known single-flow D8 algorithm of grid flow.This algorithm allocates calculation priorities according to the distance between the units and the outlet,then carries out the ergodic computations of the hydrological units according to the priority division.For the parallelized algorithm,a standard thread-level shared memory system for parallel programming(OpenMP-Open specifications for Multi Processing) was introduced,and the parallel coding was implemented in C lan-guage.A case study showed that the absolute speed-up ratio of the grid-associated algorithm is 1.64 over the original D8 algorithm,and the linear speed-up ratio of the parallel associated algorithm is 2.42 under 4 cores.The parallel grid-associated algorithm can be applied to a variety of research fields that use the grid method.展开更多
目前普遍使用的基于SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型的分布式建模方法仅适用于山地、丘陵等高差较大的地区,对于具有复杂水文结构特点的平原河网区尚无有效的解决方案。该文选择太湖流域湖西区作为研究区,基于SWAT模型探索出...目前普遍使用的基于SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型的分布式建模方法仅适用于山地、丘陵等高差较大的地区,对于具有复杂水文结构特点的平原河网区尚无有效的解决方案。该文选择太湖流域湖西区作为研究区,基于SWAT模型探索出一套完整的针对平原河网区的分布式建模方案。该方案采用概化、打断的方式将交叉、环状河网处理成单一的枝状河网,采用按河道分流比例跨子流域调水的方式来还原原始河道的传输过程,采用添加"虚拟水库"的方式来模拟人工圩区内外的水量交换。通过对太湖湖西区2008-2010年的月均径流量进行模拟验证,根据模拟值和观测值计算的荣登桥、胡家圩及宜兴3个水文站的相关系数r和纳什(Nash-Sutcliffe)系数Ens分别为0.94、0.95、0.93和0.84、0.80、0.67,说明了这种建模方法在平原河网区具有较好的适用性。展开更多
为了描述城市区域水文过程,该文利用中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所开发的分布式水文模型Simulating Model for Urban Water Cycle(URMOD),以北京市四环路以内区域为例对不同下垫面蒸散发量进行了模拟计算。结果表明,城市区透水区...为了描述城市区域水文过程,该文利用中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所开发的分布式水文模型Simulating Model for Urban Water Cycle(URMOD),以北京市四环路以内区域为例对不同下垫面蒸散发量进行了模拟计算。结果表明,城市区透水区域和不透水区域的蒸散发规律有很大差别,模拟期2002-2005年,草地、林地和水面的年均蒸散发量分别为578.4、571.2和1130.5mm,而不透水区域的年均蒸散发为161.0～269.1mm。将模拟蒸散发量和遥感反演数据进行对比,模拟月蒸散发数据系列与遥感反演结果吻合度很好。该模型可以有效模拟城市区实际蒸散发量。展开更多
BTOPMC(block-wise use of TOPMODEL(TOPgraphic MODEL,基于地形的水文模型)with the Muskingum-Cunge method,分块应用TOPMODEL和马斯京根-康吉汇流方法)是一个具有较强物理基础的分布式流域水文模型,主要用于教学和流域研究,模型有待...BTOPMC(block-wise use of TOPMODEL(TOPgraphic MODEL,基于地形的水文模型)with the Muskingum-Cunge method,分块应用TOPMODEL和马斯京根-康吉汇流方法)是一个具有较强物理基础的分布式流域水文模型,主要用于教学和流域研究,模型有待软件化,以便用于流域作业预报和水资源管理。该文采用多层架构体系设计了该模型的计算机系统,形成了BTOPMC/SCAU(south china agricultural university),系统由数据层、模型层、通信层、数据表达层和用户操作层组成,运行环境采用客户端/服务端模式。提供手动和自动2种参数率定模式,自动率定采用SCE-UA(shuffled complex evolution developed at university of arizona)全局最优算法,内置7种目标函数。采用Open MP(open multi-processing,开放式多处理)多核并发编程技术在产汇流模块实现了多核并行计算。系统为流域水文作业预报和水资源管理提供了精致的方法和简便工具。展开更多
基金the Investigation Project of Geological Disasters in Feiyun Basin of Zhejiang Province(D20190648)the Disaster Geological Survey Project of Lishui,Zhejiang Province(D20160282).
文摘Many landslide disasters,which tend to result in significant damage,are caused by typhoon-triggered rainstorms.In this case,it is very important to study the dynamic characteristics of the hydrological response of landslide bodies since it enables the early warning and prediction of landslide disasters in typhoon periods.To investigate the dynamic mechanisms of groundwater in a landslide body under typhoon-triggered rainstorm conditions,the authors selected the landslide occurring in Zhonglin Village,Wencheng County,China(also referred to as Zhonglin Village landslide)as a case study.The transient seepage field characteristics of groundwater in the landslide body were simulated with two different rainfall models by using the finite element method(FEM).The research results show that the impact of typhoon-triggered rainstorms on landslides can be divided into three stages:(i)Rapid rise of groundwater level;(ii)infiltration of groundwater from the surface to deeper level,and(iii)surface runoff erosion.Moreover,the infiltration rate of groundwater in the landslide body is mainly affected by the intensity of typhoon-induced rainfall.It can be deduced that higher rainfall intensity leads to a greater potential difference and a higher infiltration rate.The rainfall intensity also determines the development mode of landslide deformation and destruction.
文摘针对具有物理机制的分布式水文模型对大流域、长序列模拟计算时间长、模拟速度慢的问题,引入基于GPU的并行计算技术,实现分布式水文模型WEP-L(water and energy transfer processes in large river basins)产流过程的并行化。选择鄱阳湖流域为实验区,采用计算能力为8.6的NVIDIA RTX A4000对算法性能进行测试。研究表明:提出的基于GPU的分布式水文模型并行算法具有良好的加速效果,当线程总数越接近划分的子流域个数(计算任务量)时,并行性能越好,在实验流域WEP-L模型子流域单元为8712个时,加速比最大达到2.5左右;随着计算任务量的增加,加速比逐渐增大,当实验流域WEP-L模型子流域单元增加到24897个时,加速比能达到3.5,表明GPU并行算法在大尺度流域分布式水文模型计算中具有良好的发展潜力。
基金supported by the National Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs,Ministry of Science & Technology of China (Grant No.2007BAC18B01)the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2007CB714105)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50679049)the Project of Ministry of Environmental Protection of China (Grant No.200809086)the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No.108177)
文摘This paper presents a new grid-associated algorithm to improve the performance of a D8 algorithm based distributed hydrological model computation.The algorithm is based on the well known single-flow D8 algorithm of grid flow.This algorithm allocates calculation priorities according to the distance between the units and the outlet,then carries out the ergodic computations of the hydrological units according to the priority division.For the parallelized algorithm,a standard thread-level shared memory system for parallel programming(OpenMP-Open specifications for Multi Processing) was introduced,and the parallel coding was implemented in C lan-guage.A case study showed that the absolute speed-up ratio of the grid-associated algorithm is 1.64 over the original D8 algorithm,and the linear speed-up ratio of the parallel associated algorithm is 2.42 under 4 cores.The parallel grid-associated algorithm can be applied to a variety of research fields that use the grid method.
文摘目前普遍使用的基于SWAT(soil and water assessment tool)模型的分布式建模方法仅适用于山地、丘陵等高差较大的地区,对于具有复杂水文结构特点的平原河网区尚无有效的解决方案。该文选择太湖流域湖西区作为研究区,基于SWAT模型探索出一套完整的针对平原河网区的分布式建模方案。该方案采用概化、打断的方式将交叉、环状河网处理成单一的枝状河网,采用按河道分流比例跨子流域调水的方式来还原原始河道的传输过程,采用添加"虚拟水库"的方式来模拟人工圩区内外的水量交换。通过对太湖湖西区2008-2010年的月均径流量进行模拟验证,根据模拟值和观测值计算的荣登桥、胡家圩及宜兴3个水文站的相关系数r和纳什(Nash-Sutcliffe)系数Ens分别为0.94、0.95、0.93和0.84、0.80、0.67,说明了这种建模方法在平原河网区具有较好的适用性。
文摘为了描述城市区域水文过程,该文利用中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所开发的分布式水文模型Simulating Model for Urban Water Cycle(URMOD),以北京市四环路以内区域为例对不同下垫面蒸散发量进行了模拟计算。结果表明,城市区透水区域和不透水区域的蒸散发规律有很大差别,模拟期2002-2005年,草地、林地和水面的年均蒸散发量分别为578.4、571.2和1130.5mm,而不透水区域的年均蒸散发为161.0～269.1mm。将模拟蒸散发量和遥感反演数据进行对比,模拟月蒸散发数据系列与遥感反演结果吻合度很好。该模型可以有效模拟城市区实际蒸散发量。
文摘BTOPMC(block-wise use of TOPMODEL(TOPgraphic MODEL,基于地形的水文模型)with the Muskingum-Cunge method,分块应用TOPMODEL和马斯京根-康吉汇流方法)是一个具有较强物理基础的分布式流域水文模型,主要用于教学和流域研究,模型有待软件化,以便用于流域作业预报和水资源管理。该文采用多层架构体系设计了该模型的计算机系统,形成了BTOPMC/SCAU(south china agricultural university),系统由数据层、模型层、通信层、数据表达层和用户操作层组成,运行环境采用客户端/服务端模式。提供手动和自动2种参数率定模式,自动率定采用SCE-UA(shuffled complex evolution developed at university of arizona)全局最优算法,内置7种目标函数。采用Open MP(open multi-processing,开放式多处理)多核并发编程技术在产汇流模块实现了多核并行计算。系统为流域水文作业预报和水资源管理提供了精致的方法和简便工具。
