The hydroxyl radical(·OH)has a crucial function in the oxidation and removal of many atmospheric compounds that are harmful to health.Nevertheless,high reactivity,low atmospheric abundance,determination of hydrox...The hydroxyl radical(·OH)has a crucial function in the oxidation and removal of many atmospheric compounds that are harmful to health.Nevertheless,high reactivity,low atmospheric abundance,determination of hydroxyl,and hydroperoxyl radical’s quantity is very difficult.In the atmosphere and troposphere,hydroperoxyl radicals(HO_(2))are closely demanded in the chemical oxidation of the troposphere.But advances in technology have allowed researchers to improve the determination methods on the research of free radicals through some spectroscopic techniques.So far,several methods such as laser-induced fluorescence(LIF),high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and chemical ionization mass spectroscopy have been identified and mostly used in determining the quantity of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals.In this systematic review,we have advised the use of scavenger as an advance for further researchers to circumvent some of these problems caused by free radicals.The primary goal of this review is to deepen our understanding of the functions of the most critical free radical(·OH,HO_(2))and also understand the currently used methods to quantify them in the atmosphere and troposphere.展开更多
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0202900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21567015 and 21407072)+5 种基金the West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019)special fund of State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control(No.20K03ESPCP)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(Nos.18JR3RA079 and 17JR5RA109)the Project of Food and Drug Administration of Gansu Province(No.2018GSFDA014)the Gansu Provincial Party Committee Young Creative Talents(No.Ganzutongzi[2017]121)the Hongliu Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(2018)。
文摘The hydroxyl radical(·OH)has a crucial function in the oxidation and removal of many atmospheric compounds that are harmful to health.Nevertheless,high reactivity,low atmospheric abundance,determination of hydroxyl,and hydroperoxyl radical’s quantity is very difficult.In the atmosphere and troposphere,hydroperoxyl radicals(HO_(2))are closely demanded in the chemical oxidation of the troposphere.But advances in technology have allowed researchers to improve the determination methods on the research of free radicals through some spectroscopic techniques.So far,several methods such as laser-induced fluorescence(LIF),high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),and chemical ionization mass spectroscopy have been identified and mostly used in determining the quantity of hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals.In this systematic review,we have advised the use of scavenger as an advance for further researchers to circumvent some of these problems caused by free radicals.The primary goal of this review is to deepen our understanding of the functions of the most critical free radical(·OH,HO_(2))and also understand the currently used methods to quantify them in the atmosphere and troposphere.
基金Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2011CB932400), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21543005), the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2014M562391), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. xjj2014064). The calculations were performed by using supercomputers at the Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology, and the Shanghai Supercomputing Center.
文摘分子的 O <sub>2</sub> 的激活是在催化黄金的氧化反应的最关键的步;然而,这个过程的内在的机制在争论下面留下。在这研究,我们用密度与包含氢的底层的帮助建议一条其他的 O <sub>2</sub> 激活小径功能的理论。这被表明共同吸附的包含 H 底层(RH ) 不仅提高 O <sub>2</sub>, 的吸附而且把一个氢原子转移到由它的转变导致 O <sub>2</sub> 激活到 hydroperoxyl (OOH ) 的邻近的 O <sub>2</sub>, 激进的种类。从 16 的H转移的激活障碍选择了 RH 混合物( H <sub>2</sub > O , CH <sub>3</sub >哦, NH <sub>2</sub > CHCOOH , CH <sub>3</sub > CH=CH <sub>2</sub>,( CH <sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub > SiH <sub>2</sub>,等等)到共同吸附的 O ,<sub>2</sub>是比在大多数情况中的 0.50 eV 低的,在温和条件下面经由 OOH 显示 O <sub>2</sub>的激活的可行性。形成的 OOH 氧化剂,与 ~ 的增加的 OO 契约长度 1.45 ? ,也通过在端点的氧原子在氧化反应直接参与,或分裂进原子氧和氢氧根(哦) 由穿过 0.24 eV 的一个相当低的精力障碍。把公司氧化用作一根探针,我们发现了 OOH 比激活的 O <sub>2</sub> 和原子氧举办优异活动。这研究为 O <sub>2</sub>, 的激活揭示一条新小径并且可以提供卓见进 nanosized 黄金的氧化催化作用。