Transition metal phosphides(TMPs)have been regarded as alternative hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts owing to their comparable activity to those of noble metal-based catalysts...Transition metal phosphides(TMPs)have been regarded as alternative hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts owing to their comparable activity to those of noble metal-based catalysts.TMPs have been produced in various morphologies,including hollow and porous nanostructures,which are features deemed desirable for electrocatalytic materials.Templated synthesis routes are often responsible for such morphologies.This paper reviews the latest advances and existing challenges in the synthesis of TMP-based OER and HER catalysts through templated methods.A comprehensive review of the structure-property-performance of TMP-based HER and OER catalysts prepared using different templates is presented.The discussion proceeds according to application,first by HER and further divided among the types of templates used-from hard templates,sacrificial templates,and soft templates to the emerging dynamic hydrogen bubble template.OER catalysts are then reviewed and grouped according to their morphology.Finally,prospective research directions for the synthesis of hollow and porous TMP-based catalysts,such as improvements on both activity and stability of TMPs,design of environmentally benign templates and processes,and analysis of the reaction mechanism through advanced material characterization techniques and theoretical calculations,are suggested.展开更多
What factors fundamentally determine the value of superconducting transition temperature Tc in high temperature superconductors has been the subject of intense debate.Following the establishment of an empirical law kn...What factors fundamentally determine the value of superconducting transition temperature Tc in high temperature superconductors has been the subject of intense debate.Following the establishment of an empirical law known as Homes'law,there is a growing consensus in the community that the Tc value of the cuprate superconductors is closely linked to the superfluid density(ρ_(s))of its ground state and the conductivity(σ)of its normal state.However,all the data supporting this empirical law(ρ_(s)=AσT_(c))have been obtained from the ambientpressure superconductors.In this study,we present the first high-pressure results about the connection of the quantities of ρ_(s) and σ with T_(c),through the studies on the Bi_(1.74)Pb_(0.38)Sr_(1.88)CuO_(6+δ)and Bi_(2)Sr_(2)CaCu_(2)O_(8+δ),in which the value of their high-pressure resistivity(ρ=1/σ)is achieved by adopting our newly established method,while the quantity ofρs is extracted using Homes'law.We highlight that the Tc values are strongly linked to the joint response factors of magnetic field and electric field,i.e.,ρ_(s) and σ,respectively,implying that the physics determining T_(c) is governed by the intrinsic electromagnetic fields of the system.展开更多
Supercapacitors(SCs)are considered promising energy storge systems because of their outstanding power density,fast charge and discharge rate and long-term cycling stability.The exploitation of cheap and efficient elec...Supercapacitors(SCs)are considered promising energy storge systems because of their outstanding power density,fast charge and discharge rate and long-term cycling stability.The exploitation of cheap and efficient electrode materials is the key to improve the performance of supercapacitors.As the battery-type materials,transition metal phosphides(TMPs)possess high theoretical specific capacity,good electrical conductivity and superior structural stability,which have been extensively studied to be electrode materials for supercapacitors.In this review,we summarize the up-to-date progress on TMPs materials from diversified synthetic methods,diverse nanostructures and several prominent TMPs and their composites in application of supercapacitors.In the end,we also propose the remaining challenges toward the rational discovery and synthesis of high-performance TMP electrodes materials for energy storage.展开更多
The laminated transition metal disulfides(TMDs),which are well known as typical two-dimensional(2D)semiconductive materials,possess a unique layered structure,leading to their wide-spread applications in various field...The laminated transition metal disulfides(TMDs),which are well known as typical two-dimensional(2D)semiconductive materials,possess a unique layered structure,leading to their wide-spread applications in various fields,such as catalysis,energy storage,sensing,etc.In recent years,a lot of research work on TMDs based functional materials in the fields of electromagnetic wave absorption(EMA)has been carried out.Therefore,it is of great significance to elaborate the influence of TMDs on EMA in time to speed up the application.In this review,recent advances in the development of electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers based on TMDs,ranging from the VIB group to the VB group are summarized.Their compositions,microstructures,electronic properties,and synthesis methods are presented in detail.Particularly,the modulation of structure engineering from the aspects of heterostructures,defects,morphologies and phases are systematically summarized,focusing on optimizing impedance matching and increasing dielectric and magnetic losses in the EMA materials with tunable EMW absorption performance.Milestones as well as the challenges are also identified to guide the design of new TMDs based dielectric EMA materials with high performance.展开更多
The pursuit of improved quality of life standards has significantly influenced the contemporary mining model in the 21st century.This era is witnessing an unprecedented transformation driven by pressing concerns relat...The pursuit of improved quality of life standards has significantly influenced the contemporary mining model in the 21st century.This era is witnessing an unprecedented transformation driven by pressing concerns related to sustainability,climate change,the just energy transition,dynamic operating environments,and complex social challenges.Such transitions present both opportunities and obstacles.The aim of this study is to provide an extensive literature review on energy transition to identify the challenges and strategies associated with navigating transformations in energy systems.Understanding these transformations is particularly critical in the face of the severe consequences of global warming,where an accelerated energy transition is viewed as a universal remedy.Adopting a socio-technological systems perspective,specifically through the application of Actor Network Theory(ANT),this research provides a theoretical foundation while categorising challenges into five distinct domains and outlining strategies across these different dimensions.These insights are specifically tailored for emerging market countries to effectively navigate energy transition while fostering the development of resilient societies.Furthermore,our findings highlight that energy transition encompasses more than a mere technological shift;it entails fundamental changes in various systemic socio-economic imperatives.Through focusing on the role of social structures in transitions,this study makes a significant and innovative contribution to ANT,which has historically been criticised for its limited acknowledgement of social structures.Consequently,we propose an emerging market energy transition framework,which not only addresses technological aspects,but also integrates social considerations.This framework paves the way for future research and exploration of energy transition dynamics.The outcomes of this study offer valuable insights to policymakers,researchers,and practitioners engaged in the mining industry,enabling them to comprehend the multifaceted challenges involved and providing practical strategies for effective resolution.Through incorporating the social dimension into the analysis,we enhance the understanding of the complex nature of energy system transformations,facilitating a more holistic approach towards achieving sustainable and resilient energy transitions in emerging markets and beyond.展开更多
As a promising anode material for magnesium ion rechargeable batteries,magnesium metavanadate(MgV_(2)O_(6))has attracted considerable research interest in recent years.A MgV_(2)O_(6)sample was synthesized via a facile...As a promising anode material for magnesium ion rechargeable batteries,magnesium metavanadate(MgV_(2)O_(6))has attracted considerable research interest in recent years.A MgV_(2)O_(6)sample was synthesized via a facile solid-state reaction by multistep-firing stoichiometric mixtures of MgO and V2O5 powder under an air atmosphere.The solid-state phase transition fromα-MgV_(2)O_(6)toβ-MgV_(2)O_(6)occurred at 841 K and the enthalpy change was 4.37±0.04 kJ/mol.The endothermic effect at 1014 K and the enthalpy change was 26.54±0.26 kJ/mol,which is related to the incongruent melting ofβ-MgV_(2)O_(6).In situ XRD was performed to investigate phase transition of the as-prepared MgV_(2)O_(6)at high temperatures.The cell parameters obtained by Rietveld refinement indicated that it crystallizes in a monoclinic system with the C2/m space group,and the lattice parameters of a=9.280 A°,b=3.501 A°,c=6.731 A°,β=111.76°.The solid-state phase transition fromα-MgV_(2)O_(6)toβ-MgV_(2)O_(6)was further studied by thermal kinetics,indicating that this process is controlled first by a fibril-like mechanism and then by a spherulitic-type mechanism with an increasing heating rate.Additionally,the enthalpy change of MgV_(2)O_(6)at high temperatures was measured utilizing the drop calorimetry,heat capacity was calculated and given as:Cp=208.3+0.03583T-4809000T^(−2)(298-923 K)(J mol^(−1)K^(−1)),the high-temperature heat capacity can be used to calculate Gibbs free energy of MgV_(2)O_(6)at high temperatures.展开更多
It is an important way to realize rural revitalization and sustainable development to guide rural settlement transition(RST)in an appropriate way.This paper uses actor network theory(ANT)to construct a theoretical fra...It is an important way to realize rural revitalization and sustainable development to guide rural settlement transition(RST)in an appropriate way.This paper uses actor network theory(ANT)to construct a theoretical framework for the study of RST.Taking two typical villages with different transition paths in rural areas of North China Plain as examples,this paper reveals the mechanism of RST and makes a comparative analysis.The results show that:1)after identifying problems and obligatory passage point,key actors recruit heterogeneous actors into the actor network by entrusting them with common interests,and realize RST under the system operation.2)Rural settlements under different transition paths have similarities in the problems to be solved,collective actions and policy factors,but there are differences in the transition process,mechanism and effect.The actor network and mechanism of RST through the path of new rural community construction are more complex and the transition effect is more thorough.In contrast,the degree of RST of retention development path is limited if there is no resource and location advantage.3)Based on the applicable conditions of different paths,this paper designs a logical framework of‘Situation-Structure-Behavior-Result’to scientifically guide the identification of RST paths under the background of rural revitalization.展开更多
Controlling collective electronic states hold great promise for development of innovative devices. Here, we experimentally detect the modification of the charge density wave(CDW) phase transition within a 1T-TaS_(2) l...Controlling collective electronic states hold great promise for development of innovative devices. Here, we experimentally detect the modification of the charge density wave(CDW) phase transition within a 1T-TaS_(2) layer in a WS_(2)/1T-TaS_(2) heterostructure using time-resolved ultrafast spectroscopy. Laser-induced charge transfer doping strongly suppresses the commensurate CDW phase, which results in a significant decrease in both the phase transition temperature(T_(c)) and phase transition stiffness. We interpret the phenomenon that photoinduced hole doping, when surpassing a critical threshold value of ~ 10^(18)cm^(-3), sharply decreases the phase transition energy barrier. Our results provide new insights into controlling the CDW phase transition, paving the way for optical-controlled novel devices based on CDW materials.展开更多
In October 2023,the International Energy Agency(IEA)released a report identifying inadequate grid infrastructure as a key threat to meeting the climate goals laid out by the Paris Agreement[1],the landmark 2015 intern...In October 2023,the International Energy Agency(IEA)released a report identifying inadequate grid infrastructure as a key threat to meeting the climate goals laid out by the Paris Agreement[1],the landmark 2015 international treaty in which 196 parties agreed to limit global warming to well below 2℃ above preindustrial levels[2].Importantly,funding for the treaty’s calledfor transition from fossil fuels to clean energy has accelerated[3],with recently legislated massive governmental subsidies and other incentives(e.g.,the Inflation Reduction Act[4])aimed specifically at promoting renewable energy.However,a commensurate surge in investment in electrical grids has not materialized;instead,it has stagnated for the past decade at around 300 billion USD per year worldwide[1].展开更多
Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the author Hun-Gi Jung should be affiliated as 3,4 and 5 instead of 4 and 5.The author’s name“A.-Yeon Kim”needed to be updated to“A-Yeon ...Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the author Hun-Gi Jung should be affiliated as 3,4 and 5 instead of 4 and 5.The author’s name“A.-Yeon Kim”needed to be updated to“A-Yeon Kim”,removing the period.The correct author’s name and affiliation have been provided in this Correction.The original article[1]has been corrected.展开更多
Conventional theories expect that materials under pressure exhibit expanded valence and conduction bands,leading to increased electrical conductivity.Here,we report the electrical properties of the doped 1T-TiS_(2) un...Conventional theories expect that materials under pressure exhibit expanded valence and conduction bands,leading to increased electrical conductivity.Here,we report the electrical properties of the doped 1T-TiS_(2) under high pressure by electrical resistance investigations,synchrotron x-ray diffraction,Raman scattering and theoretical calculations.Up to 70 GPa,an unusual metal-semiconductor-metal transition occurs.Our first-principles calculations suggest that the observed anti-Wilson transition from metal to semiconductor at 17 GPa is due to the electron localization induced by the intercalated Ti atoms.This electron localization is attributed to the strengthened coupling between the doped Ti atoms and S atoms,and the Anderson localization arising from the disordered intercalation.At pressures exceeding 30.5 GPa,the doped TiS_(2) undergoes a re-metallization transition initiated by a crystal structure phase transition.We assign the most probable space group as P2_(1)2_(1)2_(1).Our findings suggest that materials probably will eventually undergo the Wilson transition when subjected to sufficient pressure.展开更多
Ba_(6)Cr_(2)S_(10)is a recently discovered magnetic material,in which the spins are aligned ferromagnetically in the ab-plane and anti-parallelly in a paired form along the c-axis.It is characterized as a quasi-one di...Ba_(6)Cr_(2)S_(10)is a recently discovered magnetic material,in which the spins are aligned ferromagnetically in the ab-plane and anti-parallelly in a paired form along the c-axis.It is characterized as a quasi-one dimensional(1D)dimerized structure with a ferrotoroidic order,forming the simplest candidate toroidal magnetic(TM)order and exhibiting an anti-ferromagnetic-like transition at around 10 K.Time-resolved ultrafast dynamics investigation of the novel A-Cr-S(A:metal elements)family of quantum materials has rarely been reported.Here,we investigate the time-resolved pump-probe ultrafast dynamics of a Ba6Cr2S10 single crystal.A prominent change in the photo-excited carrier dynamics is observed at T_(c)=10 K,corresponding to the reported TM-paramagnetic phase transition.A potential unknown magnetic transition is also found at T^(*)=29 K.Our results provide new evidence for the TM magnetic transition in Ba_(6)Cr_(2)S_(10),and shed light on phase transitions in TM quantum materials.展开更多
The brain functions as a closed-loop system that continuously generates behavior in response to the external environment and adjusts actions based on the outcomes.Traditional research methodologies in neuroscience,esp...The brain functions as a closed-loop system that continuously generates behavior in response to the external environment and adjusts actions based on the outcomes.Traditional research methodologies in neuroscience,especially those employed in brain imaging experiments,have mainly adopted an open-loop paradigm(Grosenick et al.,2015).Functional neural circuits are analyzed offline and subsequently tested through manipulation of neuronal activities within specific regions or with genetic markers.By establishing a closed-loop research paradigm,functional ensembles can be detected and tested in real time with temporal sequences.These functional ensembles,rather than brain regions or genetically labeled neural populations,serve as fundamental units of neural networks,offering valuable insights into the dissection of neural circuits.The closed-loop research paradigm also enables the capture of high-dimensional activities of internal brain dynamics and precise elucidation of physiological processes such as learning,decision-making,and sleep.展开更多
Due to the technical fault,a wrong version of the paper was uploaded.The content of the article was not affected,but the layout of the article was affected.The original article has been corrected.
We study superradiant phase transitions in a hybrid system of a two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate of atoms and two cavities arranged with a tilt angle.By adjusting the loss rate of cavities,we map out the phas...We study superradiant phase transitions in a hybrid system of a two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate of atoms and two cavities arranged with a tilt angle.By adjusting the loss rate of cavities,we map out the phase diagram of steady states within a mean field framework.It is found that when the loss rates of the two cavities are different,superradiant transitions may not occur at the same time in the two cavities.A first-order phase transition is observed between the states with only one cavity in superradiance and both in superradiance.In the case that both cavities are superradiant,a net photon current is observed flowing from the cavity with small decay rate to the one with large decay rate.The photon current shows a non-monotonic dependence on the loss rate difference,owing to the competition of photon number difference and cavity field phase difference.Our findings can be realized and detected in experiments.展开更多
Solar vapor generation(SVC)represents a promising technique for seawater desalination to alleviate the global water crisis and energy shortage.One of its main bottleneck problems is that the evaporation efficiency and...Solar vapor generation(SVC)represents a promising technique for seawater desalination to alleviate the global water crisis and energy shortage.One of its main bottleneck problems is that the evaporation efficiency and stability are limited by salt crystallization under high-salinity brines.Herein,we demonstrate that the 3D porous melamine-foam(MF)wrapped by a type of self-assembling composite materials based on reduced polyoxometalates(i.e.heteropoly blue,HPB),oleic acid(OA),and polypyrrole(PPy)(labeled with MF@HPB-PPy_(n)-OA)can serve as efficient and stable SVC material at high salinity.Structural characterizations of MF@HPB-PPy_(n)-OA indicate that both hydrophilic region of HPBs and hydrophobic region of OA co-exist on the surface of composite materials,optimizing the hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfaces of the SVC materials,and fully exerting its functionality for ultrahigh water-evaporation and anti-salt fouling.The optimal MF@HPB-PPy_(10)-OA operates continuously and stably for over 100 h in 10wt%brine.Furthermore,MF@HPB-PPy_(10)-OA accomplishes complete salt-water separation of 10wt%brine with 3.3kgm^(-2)h^(-1)under 1-sun irradiation,yielding salt harvesting efficiency of 96.5%,which belongs to the record high of high-salinity systems reported so far and is close to achieving zero liquid discharge.Moreover,the low cost of MF@HPB-PPy_(10)-OA(2.56$m^(-2))suggests its potential application in the practical SVC technique.展开更多
Quasi-one-dimensional(1D)graphene nanoribbons(GNRs)play a crucial role in advancement of nextgeneration devices.Recent studies have suggested their potential to exhibit unique symmetry-protected topological phases def...Quasi-one-dimensional(1D)graphene nanoribbons(GNRs)play a crucial role in advancement of nextgeneration devices.Recent studies have suggested their potential to exhibit unique symmetry-protected topological phases defined by a𝑍2 invariant.By employing both the tight-binding model and the Floquet theory,our investigation demonstrates the effective control of the topological phase within quasi-1D armchair GNRs(AGNRs)using elliptically polarized light,unveiling rich topological phase diagrams.Specifically,we observe that varying the amplitude of the light can induce transitions in the band gap(𝐸g)of AGNRs,leading to multiple changes in the system’s𝑍2 invariant.Furthermore,for heterojunctions composed of different AGNR segments,the junction state can be either created or eliminated by the application of elliptically polarized light.展开更多
In 2020,China made a solemn commitment to the world:striving to achieve carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060.The energy industry is the main source of carbon emissions and the key path to achievin...In 2020,China made a solemn commitment to the world:striving to achieve carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060.The energy industry is the main source of carbon emissions and the key path to achieving the“dual carbon”goals.The revolution in energy production and consumption has already sparked a wave.However,the energy transition still faces challenges such as a high proportion of fossil fuel usage,multiple constraints on clean energy supply,urgent request to improve the carrying capacity and flexible regulation capability of the power system,and rising energy costs for the entire society.To cope with these difficulties and challenges,it is necessary to balance safety and stability,economic efficiency,and clean and low-carbon development three aspects;strengthen energy technology innovation;and deepen institutional and market reform and innovation.Therefore,the editorial department of Global Energy Interconnection has planned the special issue of“Energy Transition Technology for Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality”.展开更多
The Floquet technique provides a novel anomalous topological phase for non-equilibrium phase transitions.Based on the high symmetry of the quantum anomalous Hall model,the findings suggest a one-to-one correspondence ...The Floquet technique provides a novel anomalous topological phase for non-equilibrium phase transitions.Based on the high symmetry of the quantum anomalous Hall model,the findings suggest a one-to-one correspondence between the average spin texture and the Floquet quasi-energy spectrum.A new approach is proposed to directly measure the quasienergy spectrum,replacing previous measurements of the average spin texture.Finally,we proposed a reliable experimental scheme based on ion trap platforms.This scheme markedly reduces the measurement workload,improves the measurement fidelity,and is applicable to multiple platforms such as cold atoms and nuclear magnetic resonance.展开更多
Following the publication,concerns have been raised about a number of figures in this article.The western blots in this article were presented with atypical,unusually shaped and possibly anomalous protein bands in man...Following the publication,concerns have been raised about a number of figures in this article.The western blots in this article were presented with atypical,unusually shaped and possibly anomalous protein bands in many cases.The authors were contacted and invited to comment on the concerns raised and to provide the original,unmodified figures,but did not respond.展开更多
基金the support from the CIPHER Project(IIID 2018-008)funded by the Commission on Higher Education-Philippine California Advanced Research Institutes(CHED-PCARI)。
文摘Transition metal phosphides(TMPs)have been regarded as alternative hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts owing to their comparable activity to those of noble metal-based catalysts.TMPs have been produced in various morphologies,including hollow and porous nanostructures,which are features deemed desirable for electrocatalytic materials.Templated synthesis routes are often responsible for such morphologies.This paper reviews the latest advances and existing challenges in the synthesis of TMP-based OER and HER catalysts through templated methods.A comprehensive review of the structure-property-performance of TMP-based HER and OER catalysts prepared using different templates is presented.The discussion proceeds according to application,first by HER and further divided among the types of templates used-from hard templates,sacrificial templates,and soft templates to the emerging dynamic hydrogen bubble template.OER catalysts are then reviewed and grouped according to their morphology.Finally,prospective research directions for the synthesis of hollow and porous TMP-based catalysts,such as improvements on both activity and stability of TMPs,design of environmentally benign templates and processes,and analysis of the reaction mechanism through advanced material characterization techniques and theoretical calculations,are suggested.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1401800 and 2022YFA1403900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2032214,12122414,12104487,and 12004419)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB25000000)supported by the US Department of Energy,Office of Basic Energy Sciences(Grant No.DOE-sc0012704)。
文摘What factors fundamentally determine the value of superconducting transition temperature Tc in high temperature superconductors has been the subject of intense debate.Following the establishment of an empirical law known as Homes'law,there is a growing consensus in the community that the Tc value of the cuprate superconductors is closely linked to the superfluid density(ρ_(s))of its ground state and the conductivity(σ)of its normal state.However,all the data supporting this empirical law(ρ_(s)=AσT_(c))have been obtained from the ambientpressure superconductors.In this study,we present the first high-pressure results about the connection of the quantities of ρ_(s) and σ with T_(c),through the studies on the Bi_(1.74)Pb_(0.38)Sr_(1.88)CuO_(6+δ)and Bi_(2)Sr_(2)CaCu_(2)O_(8+δ),in which the value of their high-pressure resistivity(ρ=1/σ)is achieved by adopting our newly established method,while the quantity ofρs is extracted using Homes'law.We highlight that the Tc values are strongly linked to the joint response factors of magnetic field and electric field,i.e.,ρ_(s) and σ,respectively,implying that the physics determining T_(c) is governed by the intrinsic electromagnetic fields of the system.
基金supported by National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovations[grant number 202210225259]the Outstanding Youth Project of Natural Science Foundation in Heilongjiang Province(YQ2022E040)+3 种基金the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2022ME166)the Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund of Heilongjiang Province(LBH-Q20023)the University Nursing Program for Young Scholars with Creative Talents in Heilongjiang Province(UNPYSCT-2020197)the 111 Project(B20088).
文摘Supercapacitors(SCs)are considered promising energy storge systems because of their outstanding power density,fast charge and discharge rate and long-term cycling stability.The exploitation of cheap and efficient electrode materials is the key to improve the performance of supercapacitors.As the battery-type materials,transition metal phosphides(TMPs)possess high theoretical specific capacity,good electrical conductivity and superior structural stability,which have been extensively studied to be electrode materials for supercapacitors.In this review,we summarize the up-to-date progress on TMPs materials from diversified synthetic methods,diverse nanostructures and several prominent TMPs and their composites in application of supercapacitors.In the end,we also propose the remaining challenges toward the rational discovery and synthesis of high-performance TMP electrodes materials for energy storage.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372289,52102368,52072192 and 51977009)Regional Joint Fund for Basic Research and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province(No.2020SA001515110905).
文摘The laminated transition metal disulfides(TMDs),which are well known as typical two-dimensional(2D)semiconductive materials,possess a unique layered structure,leading to their wide-spread applications in various fields,such as catalysis,energy storage,sensing,etc.In recent years,a lot of research work on TMDs based functional materials in the fields of electromagnetic wave absorption(EMA)has been carried out.Therefore,it is of great significance to elaborate the influence of TMDs on EMA in time to speed up the application.In this review,recent advances in the development of electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbers based on TMDs,ranging from the VIB group to the VB group are summarized.Their compositions,microstructures,electronic properties,and synthesis methods are presented in detail.Particularly,the modulation of structure engineering from the aspects of heterostructures,defects,morphologies and phases are systematically summarized,focusing on optimizing impedance matching and increasing dielectric and magnetic losses in the EMA materials with tunable EMW absorption performance.Milestones as well as the challenges are also identified to guide the design of new TMDs based dielectric EMA materials with high performance.
基金University of the Witwatersrand Additional funding is from the DSI-National Research Foundation(NRF)Thuthuka Grant(Grant UID:121973)and DSI-NRF CIMERA.
文摘The pursuit of improved quality of life standards has significantly influenced the contemporary mining model in the 21st century.This era is witnessing an unprecedented transformation driven by pressing concerns related to sustainability,climate change,the just energy transition,dynamic operating environments,and complex social challenges.Such transitions present both opportunities and obstacles.The aim of this study is to provide an extensive literature review on energy transition to identify the challenges and strategies associated with navigating transformations in energy systems.Understanding these transformations is particularly critical in the face of the severe consequences of global warming,where an accelerated energy transition is viewed as a universal remedy.Adopting a socio-technological systems perspective,specifically through the application of Actor Network Theory(ANT),this research provides a theoretical foundation while categorising challenges into five distinct domains and outlining strategies across these different dimensions.These insights are specifically tailored for emerging market countries to effectively navigate energy transition while fostering the development of resilient societies.Furthermore,our findings highlight that energy transition encompasses more than a mere technological shift;it entails fundamental changes in various systemic socio-economic imperatives.Through focusing on the role of social structures in transitions,this study makes a significant and innovative contribution to ANT,which has historically been criticised for its limited acknowledgement of social structures.Consequently,we propose an emerging market energy transition framework,which not only addresses technological aspects,but also integrates social considerations.This framework paves the way for future research and exploration of energy transition dynamics.The outcomes of this study offer valuable insights to policymakers,researchers,and practitioners engaged in the mining industry,enabling them to comprehend the multifaceted challenges involved and providing practical strategies for effective resolution.Through incorporating the social dimension into the analysis,we enhance the understanding of the complex nature of energy system transformations,facilitating a more holistic approach towards achieving sustainable and resilient energy transitions in emerging markets and beyond.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1900500)the Graduate Scientific Research and Innovation Foundation of Chongqing,China(Grant No.CYB20002).
文摘As a promising anode material for magnesium ion rechargeable batteries,magnesium metavanadate(MgV_(2)O_(6))has attracted considerable research interest in recent years.A MgV_(2)O_(6)sample was synthesized via a facile solid-state reaction by multistep-firing stoichiometric mixtures of MgO and V2O5 powder under an air atmosphere.The solid-state phase transition fromα-MgV_(2)O_(6)toβ-MgV_(2)O_(6)occurred at 841 K and the enthalpy change was 4.37±0.04 kJ/mol.The endothermic effect at 1014 K and the enthalpy change was 26.54±0.26 kJ/mol,which is related to the incongruent melting ofβ-MgV_(2)O_(6).In situ XRD was performed to investigate phase transition of the as-prepared MgV_(2)O_(6)at high temperatures.The cell parameters obtained by Rietveld refinement indicated that it crystallizes in a monoclinic system with the C2/m space group,and the lattice parameters of a=9.280 A°,b=3.501 A°,c=6.731 A°,β=111.76°.The solid-state phase transition fromα-MgV_(2)O_(6)toβ-MgV_(2)O_(6)was further studied by thermal kinetics,indicating that this process is controlled first by a fibril-like mechanism and then by a spherulitic-type mechanism with an increasing heating rate.Additionally,the enthalpy change of MgV_(2)O_(6)at high temperatures was measured utilizing the drop calorimetry,heat capacity was calculated and given as:Cp=208.3+0.03583T-4809000T^(−2)(298-923 K)(J mol^(−1)K^(−1)),the high-temperature heat capacity can be used to calculate Gibbs free energy of MgV_(2)O_(6)at high temperatures.
基金Under the auspices of the Taishan Scholars Project Special FundsNational Natural Science Fundation of China(No.42077434,42001199)Youth Innovation Technology Project of Higher School in Shandong Province(No.2019RWG016)。
文摘It is an important way to realize rural revitalization and sustainable development to guide rural settlement transition(RST)in an appropriate way.This paper uses actor network theory(ANT)to construct a theoretical framework for the study of RST.Taking two typical villages with different transition paths in rural areas of North China Plain as examples,this paper reveals the mechanism of RST and makes a comparative analysis.The results show that:1)after identifying problems and obligatory passage point,key actors recruit heterogeneous actors into the actor network by entrusting them with common interests,and realize RST under the system operation.2)Rural settlements under different transition paths have similarities in the problems to be solved,collective actions and policy factors,but there are differences in the transition process,mechanism and effect.The actor network and mechanism of RST through the path of new rural community construction are more complex and the transition effect is more thorough.In contrast,the degree of RST of retention development path is limited if there is no resource and location advantage.3)Based on the applicable conditions of different paths,this paper designs a logical framework of‘Situation-Structure-Behavior-Result’to scientifically guide the identification of RST paths under the background of rural revitalization.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFA1400201)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (Grant No. YSBR059)+5 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 4191003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11774408)the Scientific Instrument Developing Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. GJJSTD20200005)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDB36000000 and XDB30000000)the International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. GJHZ1826)CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team。
文摘Controlling collective electronic states hold great promise for development of innovative devices. Here, we experimentally detect the modification of the charge density wave(CDW) phase transition within a 1T-TaS_(2) layer in a WS_(2)/1T-TaS_(2) heterostructure using time-resolved ultrafast spectroscopy. Laser-induced charge transfer doping strongly suppresses the commensurate CDW phase, which results in a significant decrease in both the phase transition temperature(T_(c)) and phase transition stiffness. We interpret the phenomenon that photoinduced hole doping, when surpassing a critical threshold value of ~ 10^(18)cm^(-3), sharply decreases the phase transition energy barrier. Our results provide new insights into controlling the CDW phase transition, paving the way for optical-controlled novel devices based on CDW materials.
文摘In October 2023,the International Energy Agency(IEA)released a report identifying inadequate grid infrastructure as a key threat to meeting the climate goals laid out by the Paris Agreement[1],the landmark 2015 international treaty in which 196 parties agreed to limit global warming to well below 2℃ above preindustrial levels[2].Importantly,funding for the treaty’s calledfor transition from fossil fuels to clean energy has accelerated[3],with recently legislated massive governmental subsidies and other incentives(e.g.,the Inflation Reduction Act[4])aimed specifically at promoting renewable energy.However,a commensurate surge in investment in electrical grids has not materialized;instead,it has stagnated for the past decade at around 300 billion USD per year worldwide[1].
文摘Following publication of the original article[1],the authors reported that the author Hun-Gi Jung should be affiliated as 3,4 and 5 instead of 4 and 5.The author’s name“A.-Yeon Kim”needed to be updated to“A-Yeon Kim”,removing the period.The correct author’s name and affiliation have been provided in this Correction.The original article[1]has been corrected.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12304072)Program for Science and Technology Innovation Team in Zhejiang (Grant No. 2021R01004)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(Grant No. 2021J121)supported by the User Experiment Assist System of Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF)。
文摘Conventional theories expect that materials under pressure exhibit expanded valence and conduction bands,leading to increased electrical conductivity.Here,we report the electrical properties of the doped 1T-TiS_(2) under high pressure by electrical resistance investigations,synchrotron x-ray diffraction,Raman scattering and theoretical calculations.Up to 70 GPa,an unusual metal-semiconductor-metal transition occurs.Our first-principles calculations suggest that the observed anti-Wilson transition from metal to semiconductor at 17 GPa is due to the electron localization induced by the intercalated Ti atoms.This electron localization is attributed to the strengthened coupling between the doped Ti atoms and S atoms,and the Anderson localization arising from the disordered intercalation.At pressures exceeding 30.5 GPa,the doped TiS_(2) undergoes a re-metallization transition initiated by a crystal structure phase transition.We assign the most probable space group as P2_(1)2_(1)2_(1).Our findings suggest that materials probably will eventually undergo the Wilson transition when subjected to sufficient pressure.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1400201 and 2017YFA0303600)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-059)+2 种基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.4191003)the Strategic Priority Research Program of CAS(Grant No.XDB30000000)the CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team。
文摘Ba_(6)Cr_(2)S_(10)is a recently discovered magnetic material,in which the spins are aligned ferromagnetically in the ab-plane and anti-parallelly in a paired form along the c-axis.It is characterized as a quasi-one dimensional(1D)dimerized structure with a ferrotoroidic order,forming the simplest candidate toroidal magnetic(TM)order and exhibiting an anti-ferromagnetic-like transition at around 10 K.Time-resolved ultrafast dynamics investigation of the novel A-Cr-S(A:metal elements)family of quantum materials has rarely been reported.Here,we investigate the time-resolved pump-probe ultrafast dynamics of a Ba6Cr2S10 single crystal.A prominent change in the photo-excited carrier dynamics is observed at T_(c)=10 K,corresponding to the reported TM-paramagnetic phase transition.A potential unknown magnetic transition is also found at T^(*)=29 K.Our results provide new evidence for the TM magnetic transition in Ba_(6)Cr_(2)S_(10),and shed light on phase transitions in TM quantum materials.
文摘The brain functions as a closed-loop system that continuously generates behavior in response to the external environment and adjusts actions based on the outcomes.Traditional research methodologies in neuroscience,especially those employed in brain imaging experiments,have mainly adopted an open-loop paradigm(Grosenick et al.,2015).Functional neural circuits are analyzed offline and subsequently tested through manipulation of neuronal activities within specific regions or with genetic markers.By establishing a closed-loop research paradigm,functional ensembles can be detected and tested in real time with temporal sequences.These functional ensembles,rather than brain regions or genetically labeled neural populations,serve as fundamental units of neural networks,offering valuable insights into the dissection of neural circuits.The closed-loop research paradigm also enables the capture of high-dimensional activities of internal brain dynamics and precise elucidation of physiological processes such as learning,decision-making,and sleep.
文摘Due to the technical fault,a wrong version of the paper was uploaded.The content of the article was not affected,but the layout of the article was affected.The original article has been corrected.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1405300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11734010,12074428,12174358,and 92265208)NSAF(Grant No.U2330401)。
文摘We study superradiant phase transitions in a hybrid system of a two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate of atoms and two cavities arranged with a tilt angle.By adjusting the loss rate of cavities,we map out the phase diagram of steady states within a mean field framework.It is found that when the loss rates of the two cavities are different,superradiant transitions may not occur at the same time in the two cavities.A first-order phase transition is observed between the states with only one cavity in superradiance and both in superradiance.In the case that both cavities are superradiant,a net photon current is observed flowing from the cavity with small decay rate to the one with large decay rate.The photon current shows a non-monotonic dependence on the loss rate difference,owing to the competition of photon number difference and cavity field phase difference.Our findings can be realized and detected in experiments.
基金financially supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China(grant no.2020YFA0406101)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.22171041,22071020,21901035,22271043)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province Science and Technology Department(grant nos.20230508094RC,20220101045JC)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(grant no.2412021QD008)
文摘Solar vapor generation(SVC)represents a promising technique for seawater desalination to alleviate the global water crisis and energy shortage.One of its main bottleneck problems is that the evaporation efficiency and stability are limited by salt crystallization under high-salinity brines.Herein,we demonstrate that the 3D porous melamine-foam(MF)wrapped by a type of self-assembling composite materials based on reduced polyoxometalates(i.e.heteropoly blue,HPB),oleic acid(OA),and polypyrrole(PPy)(labeled with MF@HPB-PPy_(n)-OA)can serve as efficient and stable SVC material at high salinity.Structural characterizations of MF@HPB-PPy_(n)-OA indicate that both hydrophilic region of HPBs and hydrophobic region of OA co-exist on the surface of composite materials,optimizing the hydrophilic and hydrophobic interfaces of the SVC materials,and fully exerting its functionality for ultrahigh water-evaporation and anti-salt fouling.The optimal MF@HPB-PPy_(10)-OA operates continuously and stably for over 100 h in 10wt%brine.Furthermore,MF@HPB-PPy_(10)-OA accomplishes complete salt-water separation of 10wt%brine with 3.3kgm^(-2)h^(-1)under 1-sun irradiation,yielding salt harvesting efficiency of 96.5%,which belongs to the record high of high-salinity systems reported so far and is close to achieving zero liquid discharge.Moreover,the low cost of MF@HPB-PPy_(10)-OA(2.56$m^(-2))suggests its potential application in the practical SVC technique.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92265203 and 11974340)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grants Nos.XDB0460000,XDB28000000,and XDPB22)+1 种基金the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2024ZD0300104)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0306101)。
文摘Quasi-one-dimensional(1D)graphene nanoribbons(GNRs)play a crucial role in advancement of nextgeneration devices.Recent studies have suggested their potential to exhibit unique symmetry-protected topological phases defined by a𝑍2 invariant.By employing both the tight-binding model and the Floquet theory,our investigation demonstrates the effective control of the topological phase within quasi-1D armchair GNRs(AGNRs)using elliptically polarized light,unveiling rich topological phase diagrams.Specifically,we observe that varying the amplitude of the light can induce transitions in the band gap(𝐸g)of AGNRs,leading to multiple changes in the system’s𝑍2 invariant.Furthermore,for heterojunctions composed of different AGNR segments,the junction state can be either created or eliminated by the application of elliptically polarized light.
文摘In 2020,China made a solemn commitment to the world:striving to achieve carbon peak before 2030 and carbon neutrality before 2060.The energy industry is the main source of carbon emissions and the key path to achieving the“dual carbon”goals.The revolution in energy production and consumption has already sparked a wave.However,the energy transition still faces challenges such as a high proportion of fossil fuel usage,multiple constraints on clean energy supply,urgent request to improve the carrying capacity and flexible regulation capability of the power system,and rising energy costs for the entire society.To cope with these difficulties and challenges,it is necessary to balance safety and stability,economic efficiency,and clean and low-carbon development three aspects;strengthen energy technology innovation;and deepen institutional and market reform and innovation.Therefore,the editorial department of Global Energy Interconnection has planned the special issue of“Energy Transition Technology for Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality”.
基金the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant Nos.11904402,12174447,12074433,12004430,and 12174448).
文摘The Floquet technique provides a novel anomalous topological phase for non-equilibrium phase transitions.Based on the high symmetry of the quantum anomalous Hall model,the findings suggest a one-to-one correspondence between the average spin texture and the Floquet quasi-energy spectrum.A new approach is proposed to directly measure the quasienergy spectrum,replacing previous measurements of the average spin texture.Finally,we proposed a reliable experimental scheme based on ion trap platforms.This scheme markedly reduces the measurement workload,improves the measurement fidelity,and is applicable to multiple platforms such as cold atoms and nuclear magnetic resonance.
文摘Following the publication,concerns have been raised about a number of figures in this article.The western blots in this article were presented with atypical,unusually shaped and possibly anomalous protein bands in many cases.The authors were contacted and invited to comment on the concerns raised and to provide the original,unmodified figures,but did not respond.