Phylogenetic Relationships of the Eupho- rinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) Based on the D2 Variable Region of 28S Ribosomal RNA

The D2 variable region of 28S ribosomal RNA was sequenced from ethanol specimens or obtained from the literature to provide the first phylogenetic reconstruction of the subfamily Euphorinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Phylogenetic relationships were established by comparing the results using two different methods (distance-based neighbor-joining, NJ; and maximum parsimony, MP) and three different outgroups. The monophyly of the Euphorinae is well supported by all trees generated from molecular data. All phylogenetic reconstructions yielded trees with very similar topologies that only partially resolved the morphologically defined tribes and the relationships within the subfamily. We found no evidence for the monophyletic natures of the tribes Euphorini, Dinocampini, Perilitini, Syntretini, Comsophorini and Centisitini, but we did find some evidence for the tribes Meteorini and Microctonini. The monophyletic nature of the tribe Meteorini was well-supported in all trees. We also found the clade containing the Lecythodella, Microctonus, Orionis and Streblocera to be a monophyletic group, which corresponded to the tribe Microtonini, with Orionis transferred from the tribe Euphorini into Microtonini. Among the genera of Euphorini our results showed strong support for a paraphyletic nature of this group, which can be roughly divided into two clades, one consisting of Aridelus + Wesmaelia, the other of Leiophron + Peristenus, suggesting both of which may be given tribal rank. The placement of the genus Chrysopophorus is largely uncertain. Two clades, Dinocampus + Perilitus and Cosmophorus + Rhopalophorus, were constantly resolved in our analyses, with 42-96 and 97-100 bootstrap value support, respectively, suggesting that both of them form monophyletic groups. For members of the Centistini, Pygostolus may be removed and included in Microctonini or other relative tribe.

The Genus Leiophron Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) from China with Descriptions of Two New Species

The genus Leiophron Nees (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) from China is revised. Seven species are described, two of them, L. (E.) amplicaptis , sp. nov. and L. (L.) yichunensis , sp. nov. are new species. A key to Chinese species of this genus is provided.

REVISION OF THE GENUS HARTEMITA CAMERON (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE: CARDIOCHILINAE) FROM CHINA

The species of the genus Hartemita Cameron (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Cardiochilinae) from China are revised. Six species of this genus are described from China in this paper, four of which are new species: Hartemita chinensis sp. nov., H. excavata sp. nov., H. flava sp. nov. and H. punctata sp. nov..All the type specimens are kept in the Insect Collection of Zhejiang Agricultural University.

Newly Recorded the Genus Nyereria Mason (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) from China, with Description of One Species

One genus Nyereria Mason and one species Nyereria neavi (Wilkinson) are reported for the first time from China. Four SEM photos are provided. All specimens are deposited in Beneficial Insect Laboratory, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture & Forestry University.

Diversity and Phenology of the Braconid Community (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the Mediterranean Protected Landscape of Sierra Calderona (Spain)

The diversity of the Braconidae subfamilies (Hymenoptera) in the protected landscape of the Natural Park of Sierra Calderona (Eastern Spain) is analysed. Samplings have been carried out along 2010 in three different habitats: almond crop, Oak forest (Quercus suber L.) and Pine forest (Pinus halepensis Miller). In total, 2166 braconid specimens, belonging to 23 subfamilies, have been captured. Alpha, beta and gamma diversities are analysed. As a result, almond crop habitat is proven to show the greatest diversity. The structure of the community and the phenology in each habitat are also analysed.

A New Species of the Genus Aulosaphoides (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) from Yunnan

Abstract： Aulosaphoides flavistigmus, sp. nov. from Yuanan, China is described and illustrated. A key to the Chinese species of the genus Aulosaphoides is provided. Type specimen is deposited in the Beneficial Insects Laboratory, Fujian Agricultural University, Fuzhou, China.

A New Species of the Genus Tropobracon Cameron(Hymenoptera:Braconidae:Braconinae) from China

Tropobracon niger sp. nov. is described and illustrated. A key to the Chinese species of the genus Tropobracon is provided.

A New Species of the Genus Acanthormius Ashmead (Hymenoptera:Braconidae) from China

In this paper,a new species of the genus Acanthormius Ashmead,A. yunnanensis,sp. nov. collected from China is described and illustrated. A key to Chinese species of the genus is also provided. The type of the new species is deposited in the Institute of Beneficial Insects,Fujian Agriculture Forestry University,Fuzhou,China.

A new species in the genus Hylcalosia(Hymenoptera:Braconidae) from China

Hylcalosia ventisulcata sp. nov. from Heilongjiang, China is described and illustrated. A key to species in the genus is also provided. Type specimen is deposited in Beneficial Insects Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.

A New Species of Microplitis Foerster(Hymenoptera:Braconidae:Microgastrinae)of China

A new species of Microplitis Foerster 1862：Microplitis vitellipedis,sp.nov.（♀） is described from China,Fujian,Mt.Wuyi.The new species is similar to Microplitis changbaishana Song et Chen.but has the following differences：Microplitis vitllivipes sp.nov：T1 parallel or subparallel-sided;antennae with F12-15 loosely connected;hind coxae reddish yellow;body normal.Microplitis changbaishana Song et Chen：T1 slightly widened towards apex;antennae with F12-15 tightly connected;hind coxae yellowish beown;body stout.

A new species of Macrophya Dahlbom(Hymenoptera:Tenthredinidae) with a key to species of Macrophya planata group

The Macrophya planata species group is proposed and defined by mesoscutellum very fiat with sharp lateral carina and the dorsal side of some antennomeres white. A new species of the group from Tibet, China is described： Macrophya acutiscutellaris Wei, Li ＆ Heng sp. nov.. The new species is similar to M. pseudoplanata Saini et al., 1996, but differs from the latter in body length 13.5 mm in female; apical third of hind tibia entirely black; antenna 2.5 times as long as head breadth; postoeellar area 1.6 times as broad as long; harpe weakly narrowed toward apex. A key to all known species of Macrophya planata group is provided. Type specimens of this new species are deposited in the Insect Collection of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.

The Genus Epoligosita from Xinjiang,with Descriptions of Two New Species(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae)

The genus Epoligosita Girault is briefly reviewed. Two new species and one new record species in China are described and illustrated. The specimens examined are deposited in the Life Science and Technology College, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China and Biological Control Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China respectively.

A New Species of the Ant Genus Strongylognathus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Shaanxi, China

A new ant species, Strongylognathus tylonum , sp. n. is described from Mt. Taibai in Shaanxi Province, China. Description is given for the worker caste. The species is morphologically close to S. karawajewi Pisarski. A key based on worker caste is preposed for the 3 species known in China. The type specimens of the new species is deposited in the Insect Collection, College of Forestry, Northwest Sci Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry.

Seven new species and a key to species of Siobla(Hymenoptera:Tenthredinidae) from Shaanxi,China

The species of Siobla Cameron from Shaanxi, northwestern China are investigated. Seven new species are described： Siobla centralia Niu ＆ Wei sp. nov., S. curvata Niu ＆ Wei sp. nov., S. listoni Niu ＆ Wei sp. nov., S. pseudoplesia Niu ＆ Wei sp. nov., S. qinba Niu ＆ Wei sp. nov., S. shaanxi Niu ＆ Wei sp. nov., and S. vulgaria Niu ＆ Wei sp. nov. A key to the 26 known species of Siobla from Shaanxi is provided.

Two new species and a key to species of the genus Eumenes Latreille(Hymenoptera:Vespidae:Eumeninae) from southwestern China

Two new species, Eumenes ferrugiantennus sp. nov. from Yunnan and E. nigriscutatus sp. nov. from Chongqing and Sichuan, China, are described. A key to the species in this genus from southwestern China is provided. Types of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology and Molecular Biology, Chongqing Normal University.

The Third Species of the Ant Genus Perissomyrmex Smith (Hymenoptera:Formicidae) in the World

The third species of the ant genus Perissomyrmex in the world, P. fissus sp. nov., is collected from Ailao Mountain Nature Reserve of Yunnan Province. Perissomyrmex is a new record genus in China. Taxonomic key based on worker caste is provided for the 3 species: P. snyderi Smith, P. monticola de Andrade, and P. fissus sp. nov.

Rediscovery of Odontocimbex svenhedini Malaise(Hymenoptera:Cimbicidae) from China with description of the female and a key to Asian genera of Cimbicidae

Odontocimbex svenhedini Malaise is redescribed based on new material and types. The diagnosis of Odontocimbex is outlined. The differences between Odontocimbex and Cimbex, Palaeocimbex and Trichiosoma are discussed. The female of the species is described for the first time. The lectotype of O. svenhedini is designated. A key to the Asian genera of Cimbicidae is provided.

Observation of the Morphology during Development of Encyrtus sasakii (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) in the Body of its Host Scale Insect Eulecanium kuwanai

Observed and compared the morphological characters of various instars of Encyrtus sasakii Ishii parasitized in Eulecanium kuwanai Kanda. Microphotographs were taken of the bodies. Study shows that： Encyrtus sasakii Ishii reproduces annually and overwinters as pupa in their host. Besides the individual differences resulting from development, the 1st and 2nd instar larvae have long breath pedicles in the end of abdomen, and with the larva molting during development, the exuvia accumulate at the end of the body, form a hollow sac called caudal sac that cover the breath pedicle during 3rd and 4th instar larvae. The scutulis of females are yellow, and foreside of wings is light fumed with a dark blotch covered by dense black thick hairs. While the males are black brown, the wing is light in color without a dark blotch.

A Taxonomic Study on the Genus Acmopolynema Ogloblin (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) from China

The genus Acmopolynema Ogloblin is briefly reviewed. Five species from China are described and illustrated. Among which, three species, A. longicoxilla, A. reticoxilla and A. campylura are new to science, two species are first records from China, A key to the five species is provided. All specimens examined are deposited in Biological Control Research Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.

A New Genus of Mesoserphidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea) from the Upper Jurassic of Northeast China

The genus Beipiaoserphus gen. nov. is established and referred to Mesoserphidae with Beipiaoserphus elegans sp. nov. as its type species. The type specimens were collected from the lower part of the Upper Jurassic Yixian Formation at Huangbanjigou Village near Shangyuan Town, Beipiao, Liaoning Province, China and are housed at Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Academia Sinica, Nanjing.