Microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloy modified with Cu-P

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-14.6Si castings modified by Cu-P master alloy under different conditions were studied with optical microscope（OM） and mechanical testing and simulation（MTS）.The results indicate that the Cu-P master alloy possesses not only obvious modification effect,but also longevity effect with more than 8 h on the hypereutectic Al-Si alloy.It is shown from thermal calculation,scanning electron microscope（SEM）,and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays（EDAX） that the modification mechanism of Cu-P on primary silicon in the castings is heterogeneous nucleation around AlP particles.The Cu-P master alloy has no or little modifying effect on eutectic silicon,even though it has obvious modification on primary silicon in the castings.This may be because of the fast transformation of eutectic silicon at a very narrow temperature,which will notably weaken the role of AlP particles as heterogeneous nuclei for eutectic silicon.

Influences of complex modification of P and RE on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-20Si alloy

P and RE complex modification of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys was conducted. The influences of P, RE content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of alloys were investigated. The complex modifications of P and RE make the coarse block primary silicon obviously refined and the large needle eutectic silicon modified to the fine fibrous or lamella ones. P mainly refines the primary silicon, but excess P is unfavorable to the refinement of primary silicon. RE can well refine the primary and eutectic silicon, but its modification effect on the eutectic silicon is more obvious. P can repress the modification of RE on the eutectic silicon. The alloys with the additions of 0.08% P and 0.60% RE have the optimal microstructure and the highest mechanical properties. Compared with the unmodified alloy, the primary silicon of alloys can be refined from 66.4 μm to 23.3 μm and the eutectic silicon can be refined from 8.3 μm to 5.2 μm. The tensile strength is improved from 256 MPa to 306 MPa and the elongation is improved from 0.35% to 0.48%.

Influence of rheo-diecasting processing parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-30%Si alloy

The effects of pouring temperature,vibration frequency,and the number of curves in a serpentine channel,on themicrostructure and mechanical properties of Al-30%Si alloy processed by rheo-diecasting(RDC)were investigated.The semisolidAl-30%Si alloy slurry was prepared by vibration serpentine channel pouring(VSCP)process in the RDC process.The results showthat the pouring temperature,the vibration frequency,and the number of the curves strongly affect the microstructure and mechanicalproperties of Al-30%Si alloy.Under experimental conditions of a pouring temperature of850°C,a twelve-curve copper channel anda vibration frequency of80Hz,the primary Si grains are refined into fine compact grains with average grain size of about24.6μm inthe RDC samples assisted with VSCP.Moreover,the ultimate tensile strength(UTS),elongation and hardness of the RDC sample are296MPa,0.87%and HB155,respectively.It is concluded that the VSCP process can effectively refine the primary Si grains.Therefinement of primary Si grains is the major cause for the improvement of the mechanical properties of the RDC sample.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Si alloy modified with Al-3P

Al-Si alloy was modified with Al-3P master alloy at 740℃.The effects of Si content(7,8,9,10 and 11 wt.%) and adding amount of alterant A1-3P(0,0.1,0.3,0.6,1.0 and 1.5 wt.%) on microstructures and tensile properties of the alloy were investigated with optical microscope(OP),Image Pro Plus 6.0,scanning electron microscope(SEM) and universal testing machine.When the content of Al-3P is 0.6 wt.%,the area fraction of primary a(Al) in the Al-Si alloy increases more compared to the unmodified alloy with an increase in Si content,which could be explained by the movement of non-equilibrium eutectic point.When the Si content is constant(Al-lOSi),with the increase of Al-3P content,the increased rate in area fraction of primary a(Al) phase in the Al-lOSi alloy increases first and then decreases.And when 0.6 wt.% Al-3P is added,the increase in area fraction of primary a(Al) phase is the largest.Compared to the unmodified Al-lOSi alloy,the tensile strength and elongation of Al-lOSi alloy increase by 2.3% and 47.0%,respectively,after being modified with 0.6 wt.% Al-3P alloy.The fracture mode of the modified Al-lOSi alloy is ductile fracture.

Effect of Squeeze Casting on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hypereutectic Al-xSi Alloys

The effect of squeeze casting on microstructure and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-xS i alloys（x = 15, 17.5, 22 wt%） was investigated in this study. Results show that microstructure of the hypereutectic Al-x Si alloys was obviously improved by squeeze casting. The amount of coarse primary Si phase decreased, while that of fine primary α-Al dendrites increased with the increase of squeeze casting pressure. Due to the decrease of coarse primary Si particles, cracking of the matrix was reduced, whilst the fine microstructure, and mechanical properties of the squeeze casting alloys were improved. Compared with gravity casting alloys, mechanical properties of the hypereutectic Al-xS i alloys solidified at 600 MPa were improved significantly. Hardness of the squeeze casting hypereutectic Al-（15, 17.5, 22 wt%） Si alloys was improved by 15.91%, 12.23%, 17.48%, ultimate tensile strength was improved by 37.85%, 32.27%, 22.74%,and elongation was improved by 55.83%, 167.86%, 126.76%, respectively. Due to the uniform distribution of Si phases in squeeze casting Al-x Si alloys, their wear resistance was markedly enhanced.

Effect of complex modification of Al-5Ti and Al-3P on hypereutectic Al-18Si alloys

The solidification microstructure,fracture morphologies,and mechanical properties of an Al-18Si alloy and alloys modified with Al-5Ti and Al-3P master alloys were investigated using an optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,and an electronic universal testing machine.The results show that additions of Al-5Ti and Al-3P have significant effects on the size and area fraction of the primary Si and the mechanical properties of the Al-18Si alloy.Compared to the Al-18Si alloy modified with 0.6 wt%Al-5Ti at 850°C,when the Al-18Si alloy was modified with 0.3 wt%Al-5Ti and 0.5 wt%Al-3P at the same temperature,the average size of the primary Si decreased from 39 to 14μm and the area fraction increased from 9.5%to 11.6%.The biggest influencing factor on the tensile strength and elongation of the Al-18Si alloy is the addition of Al-3P,followed by the modification temperature and the addition of Al-5Ti.At a modification temperature of 850°C,the tensile strength and elongation of the Al-18Si alloy modified with 0.3 wt%Al-5Ti+0.5 wt%Al-3P increased by 19.6%and 88.6%,respectively compared to that of the Al-18Si alloy modified with 0.6 wt%Al-5Ti.

Effect of combinative addition of mischmetal and titanium on the microstructure and mechanical properties of hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys used for brazing and/or welding consumables

Effects of mischmetal（RE） and/or Ti modifier on the microstructure including α-Al dendrites, eutectic Si phases and other secondary phases of Al-Si brazing and/or welding alloys were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry（DSC）, optical microscopy（OM）, scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The DSC results showed that an addition of RE decreased the eutectic temperature and caused supercooling, promoting the nucleation of eutectic Si crystals. In addition, the maximum temperature of the first endothermic peak varied with the different RE contents, which had a good correlation with the microstructural modification of the eutectic Si phase. The α-Al dendrites were well refined by increasing the cooling rate or adding 0.08 wt.% of Ti. When 0.05 wt.% RE was added to the Al-5Si-0.08 Ti alloy, the morphology of eutectic Si phase was transformed from coarse platelet to fine fibers and the mechanical properties of the resulting welding rod were well improved. Whereas, when excess RE was added, a large number of β-Fe phases appeared and the aspect ratios of β-Fe phases increased. The morphologies and chemical components of two kinds of RE-containing intermetallic compounds（IMCs） were also discussed.

Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties of Spray-deposited Al-21.47Si-4.73Fe-2.5Cu-0.9Mg Alloy

Al-Si-Fe-Cu-Mg alloy was prepared by spray deposition and was further processed by hot extrusion as well as T6heat-treatment.The results indicate that the microstructure of the deposited alloy is composed of primary Si particles with average size of less than 5μm,α-Al,Al_2CuMg,β-Al_5FeSi andδ-Al_4FeSi_2（rectangular shape）,and no eutectic silicon is found due to the special solidification behavior.The age hardening curves reveal two peaks.The uniform ultimate tensile strength（UTS）and the elongation of the peak-aged Al-Si-Fe-Cu-Mg alloy are 468.3 MPa,0.61% at 298 Kand 267.4MPa,6.42% at 573 K,respectively.The fracture surfaces display brittle fracture morphology at 298 K,whereas it varies to mixture of brittle and ductile failure with increasing the temperature.

Effect of neodymium on primary silicon and mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-15%Si alloy

The mechanical properties of hypereutectic Al-Si alloys are mainly determined by size and morphology of the primary silicon phase.So,optical microscopy(OM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were adopted to study affection of Nd on primary silicon of hypereutectic Al-15%Si alloy in this paper.The results of OM showed that pure Nd could effectively refine primary silicon of hypereutectic Al-15%Si alloy.When Nd addition was 0.3%,the average size of primary silicon reduced from 20-40 μm of initial sample to 10-20 μm of modified sample.XRD pattern showed that no new phase was formed after Nd modification.The results of mechanical properties test showed that whole properties of modified samples were significantly improved.Tensile strength increased about 32.6% from 147 MPa to 195 MPa.Elongation was increased about 160% from 1.0% to 2.6%.The improvement of mechanical properties should attribute to primary silicon refinement after modification.

P-RE对过共晶Al-Si合金组织和性能的影响

采用P和RE对过共晶Al-Si合金进行复合变质处理,在不同P和RE添加量下对合金显微组织和力学性能进行了分析和测量。结果表明,P和RE复合变质对初晶硅和共晶硅均有很好的变质效果,初晶硅尺寸明显减小且棱角钝化,共晶硅由原来的长针状变为颗粒状。加入(质量分数,下同)0.08%P和0.6%RE时,合金的微观组织和力学性能同时达到最佳,室温和高温抗拉强度分别达到306MPa和187MPa,与未变质合金相比,提高了20%和34%;室温和高温伸长率分别达到0.48%和1.58%,与未变质合金相比,提高了40%和88%。

P+RE变质对过共晶Al-Si合金组织性能的影响

以过共晶Al-Si合金为研究对象,分析了P+RE变质对合金组织及力学性能的影响,并分析探讨了其强化机制。结果表明,变质后合金组织中粗大块状、条状的初晶Si尺寸明显细化,粗大针状的共晶Si变为纤维状或短杆状,合金的力学性能提高。当P含量为0.08%和RE含量为0.6%时,其室温和高温力学性能最好,室温抗拉强度从未变质的236.2MPa提高到287.6 MPa,高温抗拉强度从142.5 MPa提高到210 MPa,分别提高了22%和47%;伸长率分别提高了57%和42%。初晶Si的变质以AlP异质形核作用机理为主,共晶Si以RE吸附产生孪晶为变质机制。

过共晶铸造A1-Si-Cu-Mg-Fe合金组织性能研究

通过正交试验和单因素试验,考察了Cu、Mg、Zn、Ni和Fe对Al-18Si过共晶铝硅合金室温及高温(350℃)力学性能的影响规律,利用光学金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDX)对合金中富Cu相、富Fe相的组织组成进行了分析.结果表明:Cu、Mg是提高Al-18Si过共晶铝硅合金室温及高温强度的主要因素;Zn含量增加明显降低合金350℃时的高温强度,改善合金的室温和高温延伸率;Fe降低合金的室温强度,显著提高合金的高温强度;当Cr∶Fe=0.35∶1,Mn∶Cr=2∶1,含铁0.8%～1.2%时,Al-18Si-4.0Cu-0.7Mg-0.2Zn-1.0Ni-(0.8～1.2)Fe合金力学性能σb(25℃)>310MPa,延伸率δ5(25℃)≥0.75%,σb(350℃)>130MPa,延伸率δ5(350℃)>1.5%;合金中富铜相主要以块状Al2Cu相和白灰色花卉状Al5Si6Cu2Mg8相存在,富铁相主要以三叶草状、树枝状和棒状Al5Si(Cr,Mn,Fe)相存在.

稀土和磷复合变质对Al-21%Si合金组织和耐磨性的影响

以过共晶Al-21%Si合金为研究对象,分析磷、稀土复合变质对合金组织和磨损性能的影响,并对其磨损机理进行了探讨。结果表明:复合变质后粗大块状、条状的初晶硅尺寸明显细化,粗大针状的共晶硅变为短杆状或颗粒状。P、RE对初晶硅均有细化作用,P的细化作用较强。当加入0.9%RE+0.08%P时初晶硅细化效果最佳,初晶硅从66.4μm细化到23.3μm;RE对共晶硅的变质作用较显著,稀土含量为0.6%时,共晶硅平均尺寸从8.3μm细化到5.2μm。磨损试验结果表明:合金的耐磨性不仅与初晶硅颗粒尺寸和分布有关,而且受基体中共晶硅形态影响,磷、稀土复合变质剂配比为0.06%P+0.6%RE时,耐磨性最好;其室温润滑磨损机理以磨粒磨损和粘着磨损为主;干摩擦高速磨损条件下,主要磨损形式为氧化磨损和粘着磨损。

变质对过共晶铝-硅合金金相组织、电阻率及机械性能的影响

试验研究了Al—23％Si、Al—25％Si、Al—28％Si合金的P变质,RE变质,P与RE联合变质和P—Cu与Na联合变质。对变质效果进行了综合比较。得出了电阻率受初晶哇变质效果及共晶硅变质效果双重影响。抗拉强度主要受初晶硅粒度及形状的影响,延伸率主要受共晶组织形态影响的结论。

稀土和磷复合变质对过共晶铝——硅合金硅晶体形貌与力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、Ｘ射线衍射、材料性能检测等实验手段对复合变质处理后的过共晶铝硅合金显微组织、形貌和力学性能进行了分析。结果表明：磷和稀土复合变质后，使粗大块状、条状的初晶硅的尺寸明显缩小且棱角钝化；较大针状的共晶硅变为颗粒状，使显微组织明显细化，从而导致过共晶铝硅合金的力学性能显著提高。

La、Pr复合变质铸造Al-Cu合金的力学性能研究

研究了La、Pr复合变质对铸造Al-Cu合金的时效硬度、室温力学性能和高温力学性能的影响,并探讨了稀土变质Al-Cu合金的作用机理。结果表明,随着时效温度的升高,未变质和复合变质的Al-Cu合金的峰值硬度都呈现逐渐降低的趋势;在同一时效温度下,Al-Cu合金峰值硬度从高至低顺序依次为:0.2%La+0.1%Pr变质合金>0.15%La+0.15%Pr变质合金>0.1%La+0.2%Pr变质合金>未变质合金;三种不同复合变质Al-Cu合金的室温抗拉强度和断后伸长率都要高于未变质处理的Al-Cu合金,且0.2%La+0.1%Pr复合变质的Al-Cu合金取得了最佳的强度与塑性结合。0.2%La+0.1%Pr复合变质的Al-Cu合金的高温性能优于未变质Al-Cu合金。La和Pr复合变质可以使Al-Cu合金的铸态组织得到有效细化;0.2%La+0.1%Pr复合变质Al-Cu合金在固溶时效处理后,θ'析出相的平均尺寸要比未变质Al-Cu合金小,且数量明显增多。

复合变质对过共晶Al-20%Si合金显微组织的影响

以过共晶Al-20%Si合金为研究对象,添加Al-P合金和Al-Ce合金作为变质剂,采用光学显微镜分析变质处理对显微组织的影响。研究结果表明,同时添加Al-Ce和Al-P对Al-20%Si合金进行复合变质,粗大块状初晶硅的尺寸明显减小,并转变为纤维状;针状共晶硅转变为短杆状或颗粒状,获得了良好的复合变质效果,最后对变质机理进行了探讨。

Al-3P变质Al-18Si合金的显微组织与力学性能

用Al-3P作为变质剂对Al-18Si合金进行变质处理,利用光学显微镜、Image Pro Plus 6.0软件、扫描电镜和万能电子试验机等研究变质剂加入量w(Al-3P)(0~1.0%)和变质温度(750~850℃)对合金显微组织与拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,变质处理后,初晶硅的尺寸减小,面积分数增大。当变质温度为800℃时,随w(Al-3P)增加,初晶硅的尺寸先减小后增大,初晶硅的面积分数先增大后减小,w(Al-3P)为0.6%时初晶硅尺寸最小,平均尺寸为14μm,w(Al-3P)为0.8%时初晶硅面积分数达到最大值14.4%。当w(Al-3P)为0.8%时,随变质温度升高,Al-18Si合金中的初晶硅面积分数减小,初晶硅尺寸先减小后增大,变质温度为800℃时初晶硅尺寸最小,约为15μm。与未变质的Al-18Si合金相比,在800℃加入0.8%Al-3P变质处理后,合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高17.6%和109%,拉伸断口呈现明显的韧性断裂特征。

混合稀土对过共晶Al-28wt%Si合金的变质作用

对过共晶Al-28wt%Si合金进行混合稀土变质处理,研究了变质对合金微观组织及力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,混合稀土对合金中的初晶硅有较为明显的变质效果,使其尺寸由200μm以上减小到100μm左右,呈不规则颗粒状;对共晶硅的细化效果更为显著,由粗大的板片状细化为短杆状,变质后合金的力学性能得到明显提高。

复合变质与热处理对Al-18Si-4Cu-0.5Mg合金组织和性能的影响

采用室温拉伸实验、金相组织观察和扫描电镜观察研究了复合变质处理和T6热处理对过共晶Al-18Si-4Cu-0. 5Mg合金力学性能和显微组织的影响。结果表明,过共晶Al-18Si-4Cu-0.5Mg合金经P-RE-Sr复合变质处理后,初晶硅由粗大不规则板块状细化为细小片状,尺寸明显减小,共晶硅由细长针状转变为珊瑚状、短棒状和蠕虫状,经T6热处理后,初晶硅尺寸无明显变化,共晶硅发生熔断、球化;经P-RE-Sr复合变质处理后,抗拉强度由222MPa提高至236MPa,延伸率由3.22%提高至4.03%;复合变质合金经T6热处理后,抗拉强度大幅度提高,提高至320MPa,但延伸率略有下降,下降至3.37%。