Three Hypericum perforatum hairy root lines(HR B,HR F and HR H)along with non-transformed roots were analyzed for phenolic compounds composition and in vitro enzyme inhibitory properties.In silico molecular modeling w...Three Hypericum perforatum hairy root lines(HR B,HR F and HR H)along with non-transformed roots were analyzed for phenolic compounds composition and in vitro enzyme inhibitory properties.In silico molecular modeling was performed to predict the interactions of the most representative phenolic compounds in HR clones with enzymes related to depression,neurodegeneration and diabetes.Chromatographic analyses revealed that HR clones represent an efficient source of quinic acid and hydroxybenzoic acids,epicatechin and procyanidin derivatives,quercetin and kaempferol glycosides,as well numerous xanthones.In vitro antidepressant activity of HR extracts through monoamine oxidase A(MAO-A)inhibition was attributed to the production of oxygenated and prenylated xanthones.The neuroprotective potential of HR extracts was related to the accumulation of quercetin 6-C-glucoside,epicatechin,procyanidins andγ-mangostin isomers as potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)and butyrylcholinesterase(BChE).Vanillic acid and prenylated xanthones in HR clones as promising inhibitors of tyrosinase additionally contributed to the neuroprotective activity.Five preeminent xanthones in HR(γ-mangostin,mangiferin,garcinone C,garcinone E and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-6-metoxy-8-prenyl xanthone)along with the flavonol quercetin 6-C-glucoside effectively inhibitedα-amylase andα-glucosidase indicating the antidiabetic properties of HR extracts.Transgenic roots of H.perforatum can be exploited for the preparation of novel phytoproducts with multi-biological activities.展开更多
The anti-hepatitis B virus(HBV)effects and its mechanisms of the ethanol extracts of Hypericum perforatum L.(EHP)in vitro were explored.HepG2 2.2.15 cells,a stable HBV-producing cell line,were cultured as the model sy...The anti-hepatitis B virus(HBV)effects and its mechanisms of the ethanol extracts of Hypericum perforatum L.(EHP)in vitro were explored.HepG2 2.2.15 cells,a stable HBV-producing cell line,were cultured as the model system to observe the anti-HBV effect.The viral antigens of cellular secretion,HBsAg and HBeAg,were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The quantity of HBV-DNA released in the supernatant was assayed by real-time PCR.In order to understand the mechanisms of the suppression of H...展开更多
To study the antiviral effect of Hypericum perforatum L. extract (HPE) on influenza A virus (IAV) (H1N1) in vitro and in vivo. Cytopathic effect (CPE) and neutral red (NR) dye uptake were used to examine the antiviral...To study the antiviral effect of Hypericum perforatum L. extract (HPE) on influenza A virus (IAV) (H1N1) in vitro and in vivo. Cytopathic effect (CPE) and neutral red (NR) dye uptake were used to examine the antiviral effect of HPE on Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells which were infected with IAV in vitro. HPE was effective against influenza A virus (IAV) in vitro, with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 40 μg/mL. The mean 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) in the MDCK used in these experiments was 1.5 mg/mL. Ribavirin was run in parallel with EC50 values of 5.0 μg/mL; the mean CC50 for ribavirin was 520 μg/mL. Oral gavage administrations of HPE or ribavirin to mice infected with the IAV were highly effective in preventing death, slowing the decline of arterial oxygen saturation, inhibiting lung consolidation and reducing lung virus titers. The minimum effective dose of HPE in these studies was 31.25 mg/kg/day, which was administered twice daily for 5 d beginning 4 h prior to virus exposure. Below a dosage of 2000 mg/kg/day, almost all treated mice survived, which suggests that HPE is of low toxicity. Ribavirin’s minimum effective dose was 40 mg/kg/day with the LD50 determined to be 200 mg/kg/day. Delay of the initiation of either HPE or ribavirin therapy, using approximately 1/3 LD50 dose each time, could still be protective as late as 48 h after exposure to the IAV. While both agents appeared to have similar efficacy against IAV infections, HPE was considered to be less toxic and may warrant further evaluation as a possible therapy for influenza.展开更多
Medicinal components of Hypericum perforatum L.plants varies widely due to fluctuations in growth environment and biotic and abiotic contamination during cultivation management.The quality of extracts or preparations ...Medicinal components of Hypericum perforatum L.plants varies widely due to fluctuations in growth environment and biotic and abiotic contamination during cultivation management.The quality of extracts or preparations is difficult to control because of the unstable raw materials.The aim of this study is to enhance the yield and medicinal component contents of H.perforatum by optimizing lighting factors under controlled environment.H.perforatum plants were hydroponically cultivated for 30 d under 3 levels of photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD)with 200,300,and 400μmol/(m^(2)·s)using white LEDs(R:B ratio is the ratio of red light to blue light,R:B ratio of 0.9 and 1.8)and white plus red LED(R:B ratio of 2.7).The results showed that PPFD and LED spectrum had significant effects on the growth and accumulation of medicinal components of H.perforatum.Biomass accumulation of stem,leaf,and root increased linearly with the increase of PPFD under each LED spectrum.Fresh weights and dry weights of stem,leaf,and root were significantly higher under a PPFD of 400μmol/(m^(2)·s)with R:B ratio of 0.9 than those of 200μmol/(m^(2)·s),respectively.The relative growth rate and net photosynthetic rate showed linear relationships with PPFD under the same LED spectrum.Total hypericin content,total hyperforin content,and energy yield of hypericin increased with increasing PPFD.Total hypericin content and energy yield of hypericin of P400-L0.9 were 78%and 89%more than those of P400-L2.7,respectively.Total hyperforin content and energy yield of hyperforin of P400-L0.9 and P400-L2.7 were no significant differences.Based on energy efficiency,an R:B ratio of 0.9 of white LEDs with a PPFD of 400μmol/(m^(2)·s)was beneficial to improve medicinal component contents of hydroponic H.perforatum in plant factory with LED lighting.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Hypericum perforatum(H.perforatum)in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Methods:Acute toxicity and oral glucose tolerance lest we...Objective:To evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Hypericum perforatum(H.perforatum)in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Methods:Acute toxicity and oral glucose tolerance lest were performed in normal rats.Male albino rats were rendered diabetic by ST/(40 mg/kg,intraperitoneally).H.perforatum ethyl acetate extract was orally administered to diabetic rats at SO,100 and 200 mg/kg doses for 15 days to determine the antihyperglycemic activity.Biochemical parameters were determined at the end of the treatment.Results:H.perforatum ethyl acetate extract showed dose dependant fall in fasting blood glucose(FBG).After 30 min of extract administration,FBG was reduced significantly when compared with normal rats.H.perforatum ethyl acetate extract produced significant reduction in plasma glucose level,serum total cholesterol,triglycerides,glucose-6-phosphatase levels.Tissue glycogen content,HDL-cholesterol,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly increased compared with diabetic control.No death or lethal effect was observed in the toxic study.Conclusions:The results demonstrate that H.perforatum ethyl acetate extract possesses potent antihyperglycemic activity in STZ induced diabetic rats.展开更多
To study the influence of Hypericum perforatum extract （HPE） on piglets infected with porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus （PRRSV）, enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and cytopathic effect...To study the influence of Hypericum perforatum extract （HPE） on piglets infected with porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus （PRRSV）, enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and cytopathic effect （CPE） were used to determine in vitro whether HPE could induce swine pulmonary alveolar macrophages （PAMs） to secrete IFN-γ, and whether PRRSV titers in PAMs were affected by the levels of HPE-induced IFN-γ. HPE （200 mg·kg-1） was administrated by oral gavage to piglets infected with the PRRSV in vivo to observe whether HPE affected the viremia, lung viral titers, and weight gain of piglets infected with PRRSV. The results showed that HPE was capable of inducing PAMs to produce IFN-γ in a dose dependent manner and HPE pretreatment was capable of significantly reducing PRRSV viral titers in PAMs （P〈 0.01）. Administration of HPE to the PRRSV-infected animals significantly （P〈 0.05） reduced viremia over time as compared with the PRRSV-infected animals. But there was not significant decrease in lung viral titers at day 21 post-infection between the HPE- treated animals and the PRRSV-infected control piglets. There were no significant differences in weight gain over time among the HPE-treatment animals, the normal control, and the HPE control animals. The PRRSV-infected animals caused significant （P〈 0.01） growth retardation as compared with the HPE controls and the normal piglets. It suggested that HPE might be an effective novel therapeutic approach to diminish the PRRSV-induced disease in swine.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of the extract from Hypericum perforatum on highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus(HPAIV)in vivo.[Method] Chickens infected with H5N1 virus were treated with the extract f...[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of the extract from Hypericum perforatum on highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus(HPAIV)in vivo.[Method] Chickens infected with H5N1 virus were treated with the extract from H.perforatum for 4 d.The virus was then detected by hemoagglutination(HA)test and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).[Result] No H5N1 virus could be detected at the 7th d when the chickens were treated with 0.2 or 0.1 g/(kg·d)of the extract from H.perforatum.However,the virus could be detected in other chickens without the extract from HPE treatment.[Conclusion] The extract from H.perforatum might be a potential drug candidate to control infection of H5N1 subtype AIV in chickens.展开更多
Today, Hypericum perforatum L. is probably one of the best-characterized medicinal plants, and hyperforin is its best-characterized constituent. Extracts from H. perforatum are widely used as antidepressants;however, ...Today, Hypericum perforatum L. is probably one of the best-characterized medicinal plants, and hyperforin is its best-characterized constituent. Extracts from H. perforatum are widely used as antidepressants;however, less attention has been given to other properties of hyperforin, such as antitumor, fungicidal, antiviral and antibacterial action, or its possible use as a substance with immunomodulation properties. The present study summarizes results that describe the influence of hyperforin as an immunomodulation agent on phagocytosis and the breakdown of Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Hyperforin at 1 - 100 μg/mL concentrations was found to have a major influence on phagocytosis and the breakdown of E. coli by PMNs in vitro. A 100 μg/mL solution of hyperforin increased the uptake of non-opsonized E. coli almost 50-fold, and the uptake of IgG-opsonized E. coli more than threefold;on the other hand, the uptake of serum-opsonized bacteria was reduced to approximately 60% of that of the control. Hyperforin seems to bind to both PMNs and E. coli and acts like an opsonin. The elimination of remnants of IgG-opsonized E. coli from the PMNs was stimulated by hyperforin, while the elimination of remnants from non-op-so nized and serum-opsonized material was unaffected by the drug. Hyperforin exhibited clear immunomodulation ability as a phagocytosisstimulating agent. Hyperforin is probably inactive against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and most Gram-negative bacteria. However, it can protect acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and other immunocompromised patients by its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and by enhancement of phagocytosis of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria;some Gram-negative bacteria, such as Neisseria, are sensitive to hyperforin. Hyperforin has the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-testis barrier (BTB) and is a valuable antibacterial agent against meningitis and gonorrhea. These properties of hyperforin are important for an antibiotic with immunomodulation activity in the struggle against the growing mortality in AIDS patients as a result of opportunistic bacteria, as recently shown by Bekondi et al. (2006, Int. J. Infect. Dis. 10, 387-395). It could also help to combat primary and opportunistic pathogens associated with meningitis in adults' relation to HIV serostatus.展开更多
The wound is induced by several mechanical and metabolic factors.In the etiology of the wound recovery,excessive oxidative stress,calcium ion(Ca^(2+))influx,and apoptosis have important roles.Ca^(2+)-permeable TRPM2 c...The wound is induced by several mechanical and metabolic factors.In the etiology of the wound recovery,excessive oxidative stress,calcium ion(Ca^(2+))influx,and apoptosis have important roles.Ca^(2+)-permeable TRPM2 channel is activated by oxidative stress.Protective roles of Hypericum perforatum extract(HP)on the mechanical nerve injury-induced apoptosis and oxidative toxicity through regulation of TRPM2 in the experimental animals were recently reported.The potential protective roles in HP treatment were evaluated on the TRPM2-mediated cellular oxidative toxicity in the renal epithelium(MPK)cells.The cells were divided into three groups as control,wound,and wound+HP treatment(75μM for 72 h).Wound diameters were more importantly decreased in the wound+HP group than in the wound group.In addition,the results of laser confocal microscopy analyses indicated protective roles of HP and TRPM2 antagonists(N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid and 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate)against the wound-induced increase of Ca^(2+) influx and mitochondrial ROS production.The wound-induced increase of early(annexin V-FITC)apoptosis and late(propidium iodide)apoptosis were also decreased in the cells by the HP treatment.In conclusion,HP treatment acted protective effects against wound-mediated oxidative cell toxicity and apoptosis through TRPM2 inhibition.These effects may be attributed to their potent antioxidant effect.展开更多
Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)often develops in patients with underlying liver disease,yet HCC with syncytial giant cells(SGCs)is extremely rare.Herein,we report a 55-year-old man with a 6-year history of alcoholic cir...Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)often develops in patients with underlying liver disease,yet HCC with syncytial giant cells(SGCs)is extremely rare.Herein,we report a 55-year-old man with a 6-year history of alcoholic cirrhosis who during his regular checkup presented with marked elevation of alpha-fetoprotein.Clinical examination and imaging analyses revealed a tumor-like lesion in segment 4 of the liver,which was removed by limited wedge resection.Histological analysis by hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated pleomorphic and atypical nodules,with some SGCs,embedded within the boundaries of the neoplastic lesion.The adjacent liver parenchyma showed microvesicular steatosis,pericellular fibrosis,and moderate hemosiderin accumulation(grade 2,as determined by Prussian blue iron stain)in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells but no copper accumulation(as determined by orcein stain).Immunohistochemical analysis showed hepatocyte antigen-positive staining for the neoplastic cells and SGCs.The diagnosis was made for cirrhosis-related HCC with SGCs.The previous reports of pleomorphic HCC have featured osteoclast-like(i.e.,mesenchymal type)giant cells,making this case of epithelial type giant cells very rare.The patient’s 6-month history of hypericum perforatum/St John’s wort self-medication may have prompted the cirrhosis or HCC progression or the unusual SGC manifestation.展开更多
文摘Three Hypericum perforatum hairy root lines(HR B,HR F and HR H)along with non-transformed roots were analyzed for phenolic compounds composition and in vitro enzyme inhibitory properties.In silico molecular modeling was performed to predict the interactions of the most representative phenolic compounds in HR clones with enzymes related to depression,neurodegeneration and diabetes.Chromatographic analyses revealed that HR clones represent an efficient source of quinic acid and hydroxybenzoic acids,epicatechin and procyanidin derivatives,quercetin and kaempferol glycosides,as well numerous xanthones.In vitro antidepressant activity of HR extracts through monoamine oxidase A(MAO-A)inhibition was attributed to the production of oxygenated and prenylated xanthones.The neuroprotective potential of HR extracts was related to the accumulation of quercetin 6-C-glucoside,epicatechin,procyanidins andγ-mangostin isomers as potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase(AChE)and butyrylcholinesterase(BChE).Vanillic acid and prenylated xanthones in HR clones as promising inhibitors of tyrosinase additionally contributed to the neuroprotective activity.Five preeminent xanthones in HR(γ-mangostin,mangiferin,garcinone C,garcinone E and 1,3,7-trihydroxy-6-metoxy-8-prenyl xanthone)along with the flavonol quercetin 6-C-glucoside effectively inhibitedα-amylase andα-glucosidase indicating the antidiabetic properties of HR extracts.Transgenic roots of H.perforatum can be exploited for the preparation of novel phytoproducts with multi-biological activities.
文摘The anti-hepatitis B virus(HBV)effects and its mechanisms of the ethanol extracts of Hypericum perforatum L.(EHP)in vitro were explored.HepG2 2.2.15 cells,a stable HBV-producing cell line,were cultured as the model system to observe the anti-HBV effect.The viral antigens of cellular secretion,HBsAg and HBeAg,were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The quantity of HBV-DNA released in the supernatant was assayed by real-time PCR.In order to understand the mechanisms of the suppression of H...
基金One Hundred Person Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences (2008-287) The Project of Basic Scientific Research Fund for Central Public-Welfare of Institute of Sciences (BRF070402).
文摘To study the antiviral effect of Hypericum perforatum L. extract (HPE) on influenza A virus (IAV) (H1N1) in vitro and in vivo. Cytopathic effect (CPE) and neutral red (NR) dye uptake were used to examine the antiviral effect of HPE on Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells which were infected with IAV in vitro. HPE was effective against influenza A virus (IAV) in vitro, with a 50% effective concentration (EC50) of 40 μg/mL. The mean 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) in the MDCK used in these experiments was 1.5 mg/mL. Ribavirin was run in parallel with EC50 values of 5.0 μg/mL; the mean CC50 for ribavirin was 520 μg/mL. Oral gavage administrations of HPE or ribavirin to mice infected with the IAV were highly effective in preventing death, slowing the decline of arterial oxygen saturation, inhibiting lung consolidation and reducing lung virus titers. The minimum effective dose of HPE in these studies was 31.25 mg/kg/day, which was administered twice daily for 5 d beginning 4 h prior to virus exposure. Below a dosage of 2000 mg/kg/day, almost all treated mice survived, which suggests that HPE is of low toxicity. Ribavirin’s minimum effective dose was 40 mg/kg/day with the LD50 determined to be 200 mg/kg/day. Delay of the initiation of either HPE or ribavirin therapy, using approximately 1/3 LD50 dose each time, could still be protective as late as 48 h after exposure to the IAV. While both agents appeared to have similar efficacy against IAV infections, HPE was considered to be less toxic and may warrant further evaluation as a possible therapy for influenza.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-21).
文摘Medicinal components of Hypericum perforatum L.plants varies widely due to fluctuations in growth environment and biotic and abiotic contamination during cultivation management.The quality of extracts or preparations is difficult to control because of the unstable raw materials.The aim of this study is to enhance the yield and medicinal component contents of H.perforatum by optimizing lighting factors under controlled environment.H.perforatum plants were hydroponically cultivated for 30 d under 3 levels of photosynthetic photon flux density(PPFD)with 200,300,and 400μmol/(m^(2)·s)using white LEDs(R:B ratio is the ratio of red light to blue light,R:B ratio of 0.9 and 1.8)and white plus red LED(R:B ratio of 2.7).The results showed that PPFD and LED spectrum had significant effects on the growth and accumulation of medicinal components of H.perforatum.Biomass accumulation of stem,leaf,and root increased linearly with the increase of PPFD under each LED spectrum.Fresh weights and dry weights of stem,leaf,and root were significantly higher under a PPFD of 400μmol/(m^(2)·s)with R:B ratio of 0.9 than those of 200μmol/(m^(2)·s),respectively.The relative growth rate and net photosynthetic rate showed linear relationships with PPFD under the same LED spectrum.Total hypericin content,total hyperforin content,and energy yield of hypericin increased with increasing PPFD.Total hypericin content and energy yield of hypericin of P400-L0.9 were 78%and 89%more than those of P400-L2.7,respectively.Total hyperforin content and energy yield of hyperforin of P400-L0.9 and P400-L2.7 were no significant differences.Based on energy efficiency,an R:B ratio of 0.9 of white LEDs with a PPFD of 400μmol/(m^(2)·s)was beneficial to improve medicinal component contents of hydroponic H.perforatum in plant factory with LED lighting.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the antihyperglycemic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Hypericum perforatum(H.perforatum)in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats.Methods:Acute toxicity and oral glucose tolerance lest were performed in normal rats.Male albino rats were rendered diabetic by ST/(40 mg/kg,intraperitoneally).H.perforatum ethyl acetate extract was orally administered to diabetic rats at SO,100 and 200 mg/kg doses for 15 days to determine the antihyperglycemic activity.Biochemical parameters were determined at the end of the treatment.Results:H.perforatum ethyl acetate extract showed dose dependant fall in fasting blood glucose(FBG).After 30 min of extract administration,FBG was reduced significantly when compared with normal rats.H.perforatum ethyl acetate extract produced significant reduction in plasma glucose level,serum total cholesterol,triglycerides,glucose-6-phosphatase levels.Tissue glycogen content,HDL-cholesterol,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly increased compared with diabetic control.No death or lethal effect was observed in the toxic study.Conclusions:The results demonstrate that H.perforatum ethyl acetate extract possesses potent antihyperglycemic activity in STZ induced diabetic rats.
基金supported by One Hundred Person Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Renjiaozi[2008] 287)the Special Fund to Aid Basic Scientific Research of State Level Research Institutes for Public Welfare, China (BRF070402)
文摘To study the influence of Hypericum perforatum extract （HPE） on piglets infected with porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus （PRRSV）, enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay （ELISA） and cytopathic effect （CPE） were used to determine in vitro whether HPE could induce swine pulmonary alveolar macrophages （PAMs） to secrete IFN-γ, and whether PRRSV titers in PAMs were affected by the levels of HPE-induced IFN-γ. HPE （200 mg·kg-1） was administrated by oral gavage to piglets infected with the PRRSV in vivo to observe whether HPE affected the viremia, lung viral titers, and weight gain of piglets infected with PRRSV. The results showed that HPE was capable of inducing PAMs to produce IFN-γ in a dose dependent manner and HPE pretreatment was capable of significantly reducing PRRSV viral titers in PAMs （P〈 0.01）. Administration of HPE to the PRRSV-infected animals significantly （P〈 0.05） reduced viremia over time as compared with the PRRSV-infected animals. But there was not significant decrease in lung viral titers at day 21 post-infection between the HPE- treated animals and the PRRSV-infected control piglets. There were no significant differences in weight gain over time among the HPE-treatment animals, the normal control, and the HPE control animals. The PRRSV-infected animals caused significant （P〈 0.01） growth retardation as compared with the HPE controls and the normal piglets. It suggested that HPE might be an effective novel therapeutic approach to diminish the PRRSV-induced disease in swine.
基金Supported by Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(O861010ZY0)Key Technologies R&D Program(2004BA519A26)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of the extract from Hypericum perforatum on highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus(HPAIV)in vivo.[Method] Chickens infected with H5N1 virus were treated with the extract from H.perforatum for 4 d.The virus was then detected by hemoagglutination(HA)test and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).[Result] No H5N1 virus could be detected at the 7th d when the chickens were treated with 0.2 or 0.1 g/(kg·d)of the extract from H.perforatum.However,the virus could be detected in other chickens without the extract from HPE treatment.[Conclusion] The extract from H.perforatum might be a potential drug candidate to control infection of H5N1 subtype AIV in chickens.
文摘Today, Hypericum perforatum L. is probably one of the best-characterized medicinal plants, and hyperforin is its best-characterized constituent. Extracts from H. perforatum are widely used as antidepressants;however, less attention has been given to other properties of hyperforin, such as antitumor, fungicidal, antiviral and antibacterial action, or its possible use as a substance with immunomodulation properties. The present study summarizes results that describe the influence of hyperforin as an immunomodulation agent on phagocytosis and the breakdown of Escherichia coli by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Hyperforin at 1 - 100 μg/mL concentrations was found to have a major influence on phagocytosis and the breakdown of E. coli by PMNs in vitro. A 100 μg/mL solution of hyperforin increased the uptake of non-opsonized E. coli almost 50-fold, and the uptake of IgG-opsonized E. coli more than threefold;on the other hand, the uptake of serum-opsonized bacteria was reduced to approximately 60% of that of the control. Hyperforin seems to bind to both PMNs and E. coli and acts like an opsonin. The elimination of remnants of IgG-opsonized E. coli from the PMNs was stimulated by hyperforin, while the elimination of remnants from non-op-so nized and serum-opsonized material was unaffected by the drug. Hyperforin exhibited clear immunomodulation ability as a phagocytosisstimulating agent. Hyperforin is probably inactive against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and most Gram-negative bacteria. However, it can protect acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and other immunocompromised patients by its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and by enhancement of phagocytosis of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria;some Gram-negative bacteria, such as Neisseria, are sensitive to hyperforin. Hyperforin has the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-testis barrier (BTB) and is a valuable antibacterial agent against meningitis and gonorrhea. These properties of hyperforin are important for an antibiotic with immunomodulation activity in the struggle against the growing mortality in AIDS patients as a result of opportunistic bacteria, as recently shown by Bekondi et al. (2006, Int. J. Infect. Dis. 10, 387-395). It could also help to combat primary and opportunistic pathogens associated with meningitis in adults' relation to HIV serostatus.
文摘The wound is induced by several mechanical and metabolic factors.In the etiology of the wound recovery,excessive oxidative stress,calcium ion(Ca^(2+))influx,and apoptosis have important roles.Ca^(2+)-permeable TRPM2 channel is activated by oxidative stress.Protective roles of Hypericum perforatum extract(HP)on the mechanical nerve injury-induced apoptosis and oxidative toxicity through regulation of TRPM2 in the experimental animals were recently reported.The potential protective roles in HP treatment were evaluated on the TRPM2-mediated cellular oxidative toxicity in the renal epithelium(MPK)cells.The cells were divided into three groups as control,wound,and wound+HP treatment(75μM for 72 h).Wound diameters were more importantly decreased in the wound+HP group than in the wound group.In addition,the results of laser confocal microscopy analyses indicated protective roles of HP and TRPM2 antagonists(N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid and 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate)against the wound-induced increase of Ca^(2+) influx and mitochondrial ROS production.The wound-induced increase of early(annexin V-FITC)apoptosis and late(propidium iodide)apoptosis were also decreased in the cells by the HP treatment.In conclusion,HP treatment acted protective effects against wound-mediated oxidative cell toxicity and apoptosis through TRPM2 inhibition.These effects may be attributed to their potent antioxidant effect.
文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)often develops in patients with underlying liver disease,yet HCC with syncytial giant cells(SGCs)is extremely rare.Herein,we report a 55-year-old man with a 6-year history of alcoholic cirrhosis who during his regular checkup presented with marked elevation of alpha-fetoprotein.Clinical examination and imaging analyses revealed a tumor-like lesion in segment 4 of the liver,which was removed by limited wedge resection.Histological analysis by hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated pleomorphic and atypical nodules,with some SGCs,embedded within the boundaries of the neoplastic lesion.The adjacent liver parenchyma showed microvesicular steatosis,pericellular fibrosis,and moderate hemosiderin accumulation(grade 2,as determined by Prussian blue iron stain)in hepatocytes and Kupffer cells but no copper accumulation(as determined by orcein stain).Immunohistochemical analysis showed hepatocyte antigen-positive staining for the neoplastic cells and SGCs.The diagnosis was made for cirrhosis-related HCC with SGCs.The previous reports of pleomorphic HCC have featured osteoclast-like(i.e.,mesenchymal type)giant cells,making this case of epithelial type giant cells very rare.The patient’s 6-month history of hypericum perforatum/St John’s wort self-medication may have prompted the cirrhosis or HCC progression or the unusual SGC manifestation.
