Several clinical trials have demonstrated the potent antiviral efficacy of entecavir (ETV), and this relatively new nucleoside analogue drug has rapidly become a frequently prescribed therapy for chronic hepatitis B (...Several clinical trials have demonstrated the potent antiviral efficacy of entecavir (ETV), and this relatively new nucleoside analogue drug has rapidly become a frequently prescribed therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) worldwide. While the studies have also shown a good overall safety profile for ETV, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients with advanced cirrhosis have been reported and represent a broad spectrum of drug-induced injuries, including lactic acidosis, myalgia, neuropathy, azotemia, hypophosphatemia, muscular weakness, and pancreatitis, as well as immune-mediated responses (i.e., allergic reactions). Cutaneous ADRs associated with ETV are very rare, with only two case reports in the publicly available literature; both of these cases were classified as unspecified hypersensitivity allergic (type I) ADR, but neither were reported as pathologically proven or as evaluated by cytokine release analysis. Here, we report the case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with a generalized maculopapular rash after one week of ETV treatment for lamivudine-resistant CHB. The patient reported having experienced a similar skin eruption during a previous three-month regimen of ETV, for which she had self-discontinued the medication. Histopathological analysis of a skin biopsy showed acanthotic epidermis with focal parakeratosis and a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate admixed with interstitial eosinophils in the papillary and reticular dermis, consistent with a diagnosis of drug sensitivity. A lymphocyte stimulation test showed significantly enhanced IL-4, indicating a classification of type IVb delayed hypersensitivity. The patient was switched to an adefovir-lamivudine combination regimen and the skin eruption resolved two weeks after the ETV withdrawal. This case represents the first pathologically and immunologically evidenced ETV-induced delayed type hypersensitivity skin reaction reported to date. Physicians should be aware of the potential, although rare, for cutaneous ADRs associated with ETV treatment.展开更多
It is well documented that dietary restriction can prevent many different diseases and extend the life spans of different rodent species. In the previous study, we reported that intermittent fasting (IF) as well as mo...It is well documented that dietary restriction can prevent many different diseases and extend the life spans of different rodent species. In the previous study, we reported that intermittent fasting (IF) as well as moderate dietary restriction ameliorated the allergic dermatitis in ICR mice. In the present study, we demonstrated the ameliorative effects of IF on allergic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice, a strain known as a model for atopic dermatitis. Interestingly, the total number of CD4+CD8+ double positive thymocyte in mice after IF significantly decreased in comparison to that in mice fed ad libitum. Although it was reported that an immunosuppressive compound inhibited the contact allergic response by inducing the CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells, IF did not affect regulatory T cells in the present study. These results suggested that CD4+CD8+ double positive thymocytes play an important role in the regulation of allergy by IF in NC/Nga mice.展开更多
Objective: To study the function of ce ll ular immunity in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome (HIE). Methods: T-lymphocyte subtypes of the peripheral blood and cutaneous delayed-typ e hypersensitivity (DTH) response ...Objective: To study the function of ce ll ular immunity in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome (HIE). Methods: T-lymphocyte subtypes of the peripheral blood and cutaneous delayed-typ e hypersensitivity (DTH) response to two recall antigens, tetanus toxoid (TT) an d purified protein derivative(PPD), were measured in five patients with HIE and 15 healthy controls, respectively. Results: The CD4+ cell cou nts in HIE group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0. 01). In contrast, CD8+ cells were significantly higher than those in the contro l (P<0.01). The induration sizes of DTH response to two recall antigens wer e smaller in HIE group than those in the control group (P<0.01). Co nclusion: There was an immunologic dysfunction of T lymphocytes in the p atients with HIE.展开更多
The tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) skin test is widely used;however, the results are often inaccurate. Positive results can be observed in patients with active tuberculosis (TB) as well as in BCG-vaccina...The tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) skin test is widely used;however, the results are often inaccurate. Positive results can be observed in patients with active tuberculosis (TB) as well as in BCG-vaccinated persons and individuals who are infected with mycobacteria but have not developed the disease. MPT64, an antigen secreted from actively growing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some strains of M. bovis BCG such as BCG Tokyo and BCG Russia, is immunogenic and elicits delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in guinea pigs and humans. This antigen has been used to develop a new skin test for the diagnosis of active TB infection. Two of the antigens encoded by the M. tuberculosis-specific region of difference 1 (RD1, deleted in M. bovis BCG strains), CFP10 (culture filtrate protein 10) and ESAT6 (early secreted antigenic target-6), also induce M. tuberculosis-specific DTH responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the DTH responses in guinea pigs infected with M. tuberculosis or M. bovis BCG Tokyo elicited by three purified recombinant proteins (rMPT64, rCFP10 and rESAT6) compared to those elicited by PPD. In this study genes encoding MPT64, CFP10, and ESAT6 were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins with the addition of a C-terminal His6 tag for ease of purification by Immobilized Metal ion Affinity Chromatography (IMAC). The recombinant proteins (rMPT64, rCFP10, and rESAT6) were purified to homogeneity and were used to elicit DTH responses in guinea pigs infected with M. tuberculosis or M. bovis BCG Tokyo. The results showed that rMPT64 elicits a DTH response comparable to that of PPD in M. bovis BCG Tokyo-vaccinated animals. However, M. tuberculosis-infected animals show less reactivity to rMPT64 than they do to PPD. Although single rCFP10 or rESAT6 did not readily elicit a DTH response in M. tuberculosis-infected animals, combining these antigens with rMPT64 led to an increased DTH response, thus enabling the detection of TB infection.展开更多
Type 1 hypersensitivity involves an exaggerated immune reaction triggered by allergen exposure,leading to rapid release of inflammatory mediators.Meanwhile,mechanobiology explores how physical forces influence cellula...Type 1 hypersensitivity involves an exaggerated immune reaction triggered by allergen exposure,leading to rapid release of inflammatory mediators.Meanwhile,mechanobiology explores how physical forces influence cellular processes,and recent research underscores its relevance in allergic reactions.This review provides a concise overview of Type 1 hypersensitivity,highlighting the pivotal role of mast cells and immunoglobulin E(IgE)antibodies in orchestrating allergic reactions.Recognizing the dynamic nature of cellular responses in allergies,this study subsequently delves into the emerging field of mechanobiology and its significance in understanding the mechanical forces governing immune cell behavior.Furthermore,molecular forces during mast cell activation and degranulation are explored,elucidating the mechanical aspects of IgE binding and cytoskeletal rearrangements.Next,we discuss the intricate interplay between immune cells and the extracellular matrix,emphasizing the impact of matrix stiffness on cellular responses.Additionally,we examine key mechanosensitive signaling pathways,including the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway,Rho guanosine triphosphatase(GTPase)and integrin-mediated focal adhesion signaling,shedding light on their contributions to hypersensitivity reactions.This interplay of mechanobiology and Type 1 hypersensitivity provides insights into potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers,paving the way for better clinical management of Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.展开更多
Objective： To study the role of dendritic cells （DCs） in initiating delayed-type hypersensitivity （DTH） to fluores- cein isothiocyanate （FITC） after trauma-hemorrhage in mice. Methods： Inbred BALB/c mice （6-...Objective： To study the role of dendritic cells （DCs） in initiating delayed-type hypersensitivity （DTH） to fluores- cein isothiocyanate （FITC） after trauma-hemorrhage in mice. Methods： Inbred BALB/c mice （6-8 weeks old, male） were epicutaneously sensitized with FITC 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days and 7 days after closed bilateral femur fractures combined with hemorrhage. And 5 days after sensitization, DTH was evaluated by ear swelling after a challenge of FITC. Draining lymph node cells were examined for the percentages of FITC-positive cells, cluster of differentiation （CD）11c positive cells and major histocom- patibility complex II （MHC II）-positive cells by means of flow cytometry. In vitro proliferative responses of syngeneic lymphocytes and in vivo passive transfer of DTH to naive recipients induced by isolated DCs from the draining lymph nodes were determined. Results： The time of DTH to FITC decreased more significantly in the mice with trauma-hemorrhage （12 hours to 4 days） than in the mice with sham injury. After sensitization, the relative percentages of FITC^＋ cells, FITC^＋/ CD 11c^＋ cells and FITC^＋/CD 11c^＋/MHC II^＋ cells from the draining lymph nodes were all significantly reduced following injury. And the capacity of DCs from the draining lymph nodes in stimulating proliferative responses of lymphocytes and transferring DTH to naive recipients were also inhibited after injury. Conclusions： Trauma-hemorrhage induces repressive DTH in mice, which may be attributed, at least partially, to the reduced trafficking of DCs into the draining lymph nodes and insufficient maturation during DC migration.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot(DF)is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes.This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with DF occurrence and the role of delayed medical care in a cohort of patients with type...BACKGROUND Diabetic foot(DF)is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes.This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with DF occurrence and the role of delayed medical care in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes.AIM To reveal the impact of delayed medical treatment on the development of DF in patients with type 2 diabetes and to establish a predictive model for DF.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,292 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent examination at our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were selected and divided into the DF group(n=82,DF)and nondiabetic foot group(n=210,NDF).Differential and correlation analyses of demographic indicators,laboratory parameters,and delayed medical treatment were conducted for the two groups.Logistic regression was applied to determine influencing factors.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis was performed,and indicators with good predictive value were selected to establish a combined predictive model.RESULTS The DF group had significantly higher body mass index(BMI)(P<0.001),disease duration(P=0.012),plasma glucose levels(P<0.001),and HbA1c(P<0.001)than the NDF group.The NDF group had significantly higher Acute Thrombosis and Myocardial Infarction Health Service System(ATMHSS)scores(P<0.001)and a significantly lower delayed medical treatment rate(72.38%vs 13.41%,P<0.001).BMI,duration of diabetes,plasma glucose levels,HbA1c,diabetic peripheral neuropathy,and nephropathy were all positively correlated with DF occurrence.ATMHSS scores were negatively correlated with delayed time to seek medical treatment.The logistic regression model revealed that BMI,duration of diabetes,plasma glucose levels,HbA1c,presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and nephropathy,ATMHSS scores,and delayed time to seek medical treatment were influencing factors for DF.ROC analysis indicated that plasma glucose levels,HbA1c,and delayed medical treatment had good predictive value with an area under the curve of 0.933 for the combined predictive model.CONCLUSION Delayed medical treatment significantly affects the probability of DF occurrence in patients with diabetes.Plasma glucose levels,HbA1c levels,and the combined predictive model of delayed medical treatment demonstrate good predictive value.展开更多
BACKGROUND The role of physical activity in diabetes is critical,influencing this disease's development,man-agement,and overall outcomes.In China,22.3%of adults do not meet the minimum level of physical activity r...BACKGROUND The role of physical activity in diabetes is critical,influencing this disease's development,man-agement,and overall outcomes.In China,22.3%of adults do not meet the minimum level of physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization.Therefore,it is imperative to identify the factors that contributing to lack of physical activity must be identified.AIM To investigate the relationship among delay discounting,delay aversion,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),and various levels of physical activity in Chinese adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS In 2023,400 adults with T2DM were recruited from the People's Hospital of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province.A face-to-face questionnaire was used to gather demographic data and details on physical activity,delay discounting,and delay aversion.In addition,HbA1c levels were measured in all 400 participants.The primary independent variables considered were delay discounting and delay aversion.The outcome variables included HbA1c levels and different intensity levels of physical activity,including walking,moderate physical activity,and vigorous physical activity.Multiple linear regression models were utilized to assess the relationship between delay discounting,delay aversion,and HbA1c levels,along with the intensity of different physical activity measured in met-hours per week.RESULTS After controlling for the sample characteristics,delay discounting was negatively associated with moderate physical activity(β=-2.386,95%CI:-4.370 to-0.401).Meanwhile,delay aversion was negatively associated with the level of moderate physical activity(β=-3.527,95%CI:-5.578 to-1.476)in the multiple linear regression model,with statistically significant differences.CONCLUSION Elevated delay discounting and increased delay aversion correlated with reduced levels of moderate physical activity.Result suggests that delay discounting and aversion may influence engagement in moderate physical activity.This study recommends that health administration and government consider delay discounting and delay aversion when formulating behavioral intervention strategies and treatment guidelines involving physical activity for patients with T2DM,which may increase participation in physical activity.This study contributes a novel perspective to the research on physical activity in adults with T2DM by examining the significance of future health considerations and the role of emotional responses to delays.展开更多
By means of the frequency domain method and the inequality analysis, we discuss the unconditional stability problem for the hyperneutral type constant linear control system with delays, and obtain some precise suffici...By means of the frequency domain method and the inequality analysis, we discuss the unconditional stability problem for the hyperneutral type constant linear control system with delays, and obtain some precise sufficient, sufficient and necessary conditions.展开更多
We discuss the equivalence problem of hyperneutral type nonlinear time varying control system and linear time varying control system in the theory of stabilization.Making use of the symmetric positive definite soluti...We discuss the equivalence problem of hyperneutral type nonlinear time varying control system and linear time varying control system in the theory of stabilization.Making use of the symmetric positive definite solution of Riccati matrix differential equation which corresponds to the linear time varying control system, we construct the Lyapunov function.Then we provide the sufficent conditions which make that the zero solution of the hyperneutral type nonlinear time varying control systems is uniformly asymptotically stable by means of the Lyapunov equivalence decomposition method, and find the formulaes which can be used to estimate the bounds of the time delays and the nonlinear terms.展开更多
In mobile IPv6 networks, the ping-pong type of movement brings about frequent handovers and thus increases signaling burden. This letter proposes a fast seamless handover scheme where the access router keeps the mobil...In mobile IPv6 networks, the ping-pong type of movement brings about frequent handovers and thus increases signaling burden. This letter proposes a fast seamless handover scheme where the access router keeps the mobile node's old reservation till the offline Count Down Timer (CDT) expires in order to reduce handover signaling and delay while the mobile node returns in a very short period of time. Based upon a pois son mobility model, an simple expression for CDT optimization is given out for the scheme to achieve the best cost performance of resource reservation.展开更多
In this paper, by means of the frequency domain method and the inequality analysis, unconditional stability problem for the hyperneutral type constant linear control system with delays are discussed, and some precise ...In this paper, by means of the frequency domain method and the inequality analysis, unconditional stability problem for the hyperneutral type constant linear control system with delays are discussed, and some precise sufficient, sufficient and necessary conditions are obtained.展开更多
The current research aims to implement the numerical resultsfor the Holling third kind of functional response delay differential modelutilizing a stochastic framework based on Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagationneural...The current research aims to implement the numerical resultsfor the Holling third kind of functional response delay differential modelutilizing a stochastic framework based on Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagationneural networks (LVMBPNNs). The nonlinear model depends uponthree dynamics, prey, predator, and the impact of the recent past. Threedifferent cases based on the delay differential system with the Holling 3^(rd) type of the functional response have been used to solve through the proposedLVMBPNNs solver. The statistic computing framework is provided byselecting 12%, 11%, and 77% for training, testing, and verification. Thirteennumbers of neurons have been used based on the input, hidden, and outputlayers structure for solving the delay differential model with the Holling 3rdtype of functional response. The correctness of the proposed stochastic schemeis observed by using the comparison performances of the proposed and referencedata-based Adam numerical results. The authentication and precision ofthe proposed solver are approved by analyzing the state transitions, regressionperformances, correlation actions, mean square error, and error histograms.展开更多
We consider a von Karman equation of memory type with a delay term . By introducing suitable energy and Lyapunov functional, we establish a general decay estimate for the energy, which depends on the behavior of g.
基金Supported by grant from the Chungbuk National University Hospital(2013)
文摘Several clinical trials have demonstrated the potent antiviral efficacy of entecavir (ETV), and this relatively new nucleoside analogue drug has rapidly become a frequently prescribed therapy for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) worldwide. While the studies have also shown a good overall safety profile for ETV, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in patients with advanced cirrhosis have been reported and represent a broad spectrum of drug-induced injuries, including lactic acidosis, myalgia, neuropathy, azotemia, hypophosphatemia, muscular weakness, and pancreatitis, as well as immune-mediated responses (i.e., allergic reactions). Cutaneous ADRs associated with ETV are very rare, with only two case reports in the publicly available literature; both of these cases were classified as unspecified hypersensitivity allergic (type I) ADR, but neither were reported as pathologically proven or as evaluated by cytokine release analysis. Here, we report the case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with a generalized maculopapular rash after one week of ETV treatment for lamivudine-resistant CHB. The patient reported having experienced a similar skin eruption during a previous three-month regimen of ETV, for which she had self-discontinued the medication. Histopathological analysis of a skin biopsy showed acanthotic epidermis with focal parakeratosis and a perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate admixed with interstitial eosinophils in the papillary and reticular dermis, consistent with a diagnosis of drug sensitivity. A lymphocyte stimulation test showed significantly enhanced IL-4, indicating a classification of type IVb delayed hypersensitivity. The patient was switched to an adefovir-lamivudine combination regimen and the skin eruption resolved two weeks after the ETV withdrawal. This case represents the first pathologically and immunologically evidenced ETV-induced delayed type hypersensitivity skin reaction reported to date. Physicians should be aware of the potential, although rare, for cutaneous ADRs associated with ETV treatment.
文摘It is well documented that dietary restriction can prevent many different diseases and extend the life spans of different rodent species. In the previous study, we reported that intermittent fasting (IF) as well as moderate dietary restriction ameliorated the allergic dermatitis in ICR mice. In the present study, we demonstrated the ameliorative effects of IF on allergic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice, a strain known as a model for atopic dermatitis. Interestingly, the total number of CD4+CD8+ double positive thymocyte in mice after IF significantly decreased in comparison to that in mice fed ad libitum. Although it was reported that an immunosuppressive compound inhibited the contact allergic response by inducing the CD4+CD25+ regulatory T-cells, IF did not affect regulatory T cells in the present study. These results suggested that CD4+CD8+ double positive thymocytes play an important role in the regulation of allergy by IF in NC/Nga mice.
文摘Objective: To study the function of ce ll ular immunity in patients with hyper-IgE syndrome (HIE). Methods: T-lymphocyte subtypes of the peripheral blood and cutaneous delayed-typ e hypersensitivity (DTH) response to two recall antigens, tetanus toxoid (TT) an d purified protein derivative(PPD), were measured in five patients with HIE and 15 healthy controls, respectively. Results: The CD4+ cell cou nts in HIE group were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0. 01). In contrast, CD8+ cells were significantly higher than those in the contro l (P<0.01). The induration sizes of DTH response to two recall antigens wer e smaller in HIE group than those in the control group (P<0.01). Co nclusion: There was an immunologic dysfunction of T lymphocytes in the p atients with HIE.
文摘The tuberculin Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) skin test is widely used;however, the results are often inaccurate. Positive results can be observed in patients with active tuberculosis (TB) as well as in BCG-vaccinated persons and individuals who are infected with mycobacteria but have not developed the disease. MPT64, an antigen secreted from actively growing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and some strains of M. bovis BCG such as BCG Tokyo and BCG Russia, is immunogenic and elicits delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in guinea pigs and humans. This antigen has been used to develop a new skin test for the diagnosis of active TB infection. Two of the antigens encoded by the M. tuberculosis-specific region of difference 1 (RD1, deleted in M. bovis BCG strains), CFP10 (culture filtrate protein 10) and ESAT6 (early secreted antigenic target-6), also induce M. tuberculosis-specific DTH responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the DTH responses in guinea pigs infected with M. tuberculosis or M. bovis BCG Tokyo elicited by three purified recombinant proteins (rMPT64, rCFP10 and rESAT6) compared to those elicited by PPD. In this study genes encoding MPT64, CFP10, and ESAT6 were cloned and expressed as recombinant proteins with the addition of a C-terminal His6 tag for ease of purification by Immobilized Metal ion Affinity Chromatography (IMAC). The recombinant proteins (rMPT64, rCFP10, and rESAT6) were purified to homogeneity and were used to elicit DTH responses in guinea pigs infected with M. tuberculosis or M. bovis BCG Tokyo. The results showed that rMPT64 elicits a DTH response comparable to that of PPD in M. bovis BCG Tokyo-vaccinated animals. However, M. tuberculosis-infected animals show less reactivity to rMPT64 than they do to PPD. Although single rCFP10 or rESAT6 did not readily elicit a DTH response in M. tuberculosis-infected animals, combining these antigens with rMPT64 led to an increased DTH response, thus enabling the detection of TB infection.
文摘Type 1 hypersensitivity involves an exaggerated immune reaction triggered by allergen exposure,leading to rapid release of inflammatory mediators.Meanwhile,mechanobiology explores how physical forces influence cellular processes,and recent research underscores its relevance in allergic reactions.This review provides a concise overview of Type 1 hypersensitivity,highlighting the pivotal role of mast cells and immunoglobulin E(IgE)antibodies in orchestrating allergic reactions.Recognizing the dynamic nature of cellular responses in allergies,this study subsequently delves into the emerging field of mechanobiology and its significance in understanding the mechanical forces governing immune cell behavior.Furthermore,molecular forces during mast cell activation and degranulation are explored,elucidating the mechanical aspects of IgE binding and cytoskeletal rearrangements.Next,we discuss the intricate interplay between immune cells and the extracellular matrix,emphasizing the impact of matrix stiffness on cellular responses.Additionally,we examine key mechanosensitive signaling pathways,including the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway,Rho guanosine triphosphatase(GTPase)and integrin-mediated focal adhesion signaling,shedding light on their contributions to hypersensitivity reactions.This interplay of mechanobiology and Type 1 hypersensitivity provides insights into potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers,paving the way for better clinical management of Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.
基金This study was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China （No. 2005CB522602）, Natural Science Foundation of China （No.30772253） and Project of State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury （No. SKLZZ200802）.
文摘Objective： To study the role of dendritic cells （DCs） in initiating delayed-type hypersensitivity （DTH） to fluores- cein isothiocyanate （FITC） after trauma-hemorrhage in mice. Methods： Inbred BALB/c mice （6-8 weeks old, male） were epicutaneously sensitized with FITC 12 hours, 1 day, 2 days, 4 days and 7 days after closed bilateral femur fractures combined with hemorrhage. And 5 days after sensitization, DTH was evaluated by ear swelling after a challenge of FITC. Draining lymph node cells were examined for the percentages of FITC-positive cells, cluster of differentiation （CD）11c positive cells and major histocom- patibility complex II （MHC II）-positive cells by means of flow cytometry. In vitro proliferative responses of syngeneic lymphocytes and in vivo passive transfer of DTH to naive recipients induced by isolated DCs from the draining lymph nodes were determined. Results： The time of DTH to FITC decreased more significantly in the mice with trauma-hemorrhage （12 hours to 4 days） than in the mice with sham injury. After sensitization, the relative percentages of FITC^＋ cells, FITC^＋/ CD 11c^＋ cells and FITC^＋/CD 11c^＋/MHC II^＋ cells from the draining lymph nodes were all significantly reduced following injury. And the capacity of DCs from the draining lymph nodes in stimulating proliferative responses of lymphocytes and transferring DTH to naive recipients were also inhibited after injury. Conclusions： Trauma-hemorrhage induces repressive DTH in mice, which may be attributed, at least partially, to the reduced trafficking of DCs into the draining lymph nodes and insufficient maturation during DC migration.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic foot(DF)is a serious complication of type 2 diabetes.This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with DF occurrence and the role of delayed medical care in a cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes.AIM To reveal the impact of delayed medical treatment on the development of DF in patients with type 2 diabetes and to establish a predictive model for DF.METHODS In this retrospective cohort study,292 patients with type 2 diabetes who underwent examination at our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were selected and divided into the DF group(n=82,DF)and nondiabetic foot group(n=210,NDF).Differential and correlation analyses of demographic indicators,laboratory parameters,and delayed medical treatment were conducted for the two groups.Logistic regression was applied to determine influencing factors.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)analysis was performed,and indicators with good predictive value were selected to establish a combined predictive model.RESULTS The DF group had significantly higher body mass index(BMI)(P<0.001),disease duration(P=0.012),plasma glucose levels(P<0.001),and HbA1c(P<0.001)than the NDF group.The NDF group had significantly higher Acute Thrombosis and Myocardial Infarction Health Service System(ATMHSS)scores(P<0.001)and a significantly lower delayed medical treatment rate(72.38%vs 13.41%,P<0.001).BMI,duration of diabetes,plasma glucose levels,HbA1c,diabetic peripheral neuropathy,and nephropathy were all positively correlated with DF occurrence.ATMHSS scores were negatively correlated with delayed time to seek medical treatment.The logistic regression model revealed that BMI,duration of diabetes,plasma glucose levels,HbA1c,presence of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and nephropathy,ATMHSS scores,and delayed time to seek medical treatment were influencing factors for DF.ROC analysis indicated that plasma glucose levels,HbA1c,and delayed medical treatment had good predictive value with an area under the curve of 0.933 for the combined predictive model.CONCLUSION Delayed medical treatment significantly affects the probability of DF occurrence in patients with diabetes.Plasma glucose levels,HbA1c levels,and the combined predictive model of delayed medical treatment demonstrate good predictive value.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province,No.22JR5RN1054.
文摘BACKGROUND The role of physical activity in diabetes is critical,influencing this disease's development,man-agement,and overall outcomes.In China,22.3%of adults do not meet the minimum level of physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization.Therefore,it is imperative to identify the factors that contributing to lack of physical activity must be identified.AIM To investigate the relationship among delay discounting,delay aversion,glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c),and various levels of physical activity in Chinese adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM).METHODS In 2023,400 adults with T2DM were recruited from the People's Hospital of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province.A face-to-face questionnaire was used to gather demographic data and details on physical activity,delay discounting,and delay aversion.In addition,HbA1c levels were measured in all 400 participants.The primary independent variables considered were delay discounting and delay aversion.The outcome variables included HbA1c levels and different intensity levels of physical activity,including walking,moderate physical activity,and vigorous physical activity.Multiple linear regression models were utilized to assess the relationship between delay discounting,delay aversion,and HbA1c levels,along with the intensity of different physical activity measured in met-hours per week.RESULTS After controlling for the sample characteristics,delay discounting was negatively associated with moderate physical activity(β=-2.386,95%CI:-4.370 to-0.401).Meanwhile,delay aversion was negatively associated with the level of moderate physical activity(β=-3.527,95%CI:-5.578 to-1.476)in the multiple linear regression model,with statistically significant differences.CONCLUSION Elevated delay discounting and increased delay aversion correlated with reduced levels of moderate physical activity.Result suggests that delay discounting and aversion may influence engagement in moderate physical activity.This study recommends that health administration and government consider delay discounting and delay aversion when formulating behavioral intervention strategies and treatment guidelines involving physical activity for patients with T2DM,which may increase participation in physical activity.This study contributes a novel perspective to the research on physical activity in adults with T2DM by examining the significance of future health considerations and the role of emotional responses to delays.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province ( 2 0 0 0 A490 0 5 )
文摘By means of the frequency domain method and the inequality analysis, we discuss the unconditional stability problem for the hyperneutral type constant linear control system with delays, and obtain some precise sufficient, sufficient and necessary conditions.
文摘We discuss the equivalence problem of hyperneutral type nonlinear time varying control system and linear time varying control system in the theory of stabilization.Making use of the symmetric positive definite solution of Riccati matrix differential equation which corresponds to the linear time varying control system, we construct the Lyapunov function.Then we provide the sufficent conditions which make that the zero solution of the hyperneutral type nonlinear time varying control systems is uniformly asymptotically stable by means of the Lyapunov equivalence decomposition method, and find the formulaes which can be used to estimate the bounds of the time delays and the nonlinear terms.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.60202005).
文摘In mobile IPv6 networks, the ping-pong type of movement brings about frequent handovers and thus increases signaling burden. This letter proposes a fast seamless handover scheme where the access router keeps the mobile node's old reservation till the offline Count Down Timer (CDT) expires in order to reduce handover signaling and delay while the mobile node returns in a very short period of time. Based upon a pois son mobility model, an simple expression for CDT optimization is given out for the scheme to achieve the best cost performance of resource reservation.
基金Supported by the natural science Foundation of Hubei Provincec Education Committee
文摘In this paper, by means of the frequency domain method and the inequality analysis, unconditional stability problem for the hyperneutral type constant linear control system with delays are discussed, and some precise sufficient, sufficient and necessary conditions are obtained.
基金This research received funding support from the NSRF via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources&Institutional Development,Research and Innovation[Grant Number B05F650018].
文摘The current research aims to implement the numerical resultsfor the Holling third kind of functional response delay differential modelutilizing a stochastic framework based on Levenberg-Marquardt backpropagationneural networks (LVMBPNNs). The nonlinear model depends uponthree dynamics, prey, predator, and the impact of the recent past. Threedifferent cases based on the delay differential system with the Holling 3^(rd) type of the functional response have been used to solve through the proposedLVMBPNNs solver. The statistic computing framework is provided byselecting 12%, 11%, and 77% for training, testing, and verification. Thirteennumbers of neurons have been used based on the input, hidden, and outputlayers structure for solving the delay differential model with the Holling 3rdtype of functional response. The correctness of the proposed stochastic schemeis observed by using the comparison performances of the proposed and referencedata-based Adam numerical results. The authentication and precision ofthe proposed solver are approved by analyzing the state transitions, regressionperformances, correlation actions, mean square error, and error histograms.
文摘We consider a von Karman equation of memory type with a delay term . By introducing suitable energy and Lyapunov functional, we establish a general decay estimate for the energy, which depends on the behavior of g.
