Literature Review of the Prevalence of Hypertension at Gulu University, Gulu City, Acholi Subregion, Northern Uganda

Hypertension is a big problem worldwide. The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence, knowledge, attitude, and practice about hypertension at Gulu University, Gulu city, Gulu district, Acholi subregion, Northern Uganda. A literature search on hypertension was done. It showed that, in Uganda, a representative number of 17,777 adult patients’ data were analyzed from January 2014 to February 2024. The epidemiological data on awareness of hypertension was found to be at 8%. Of this, 18.3% of the people with hypertension had it under control. The results of the findings were promising. Hypertension is an important public health challenge in Uganda particularly in Northern Uganda where Gulu University falls. In comparison with the two regions of Central Uganda and Northern Uganda, there was a significant number of populations that were not aware of their condition. Those diagnosed were on treatment but the treatment was not adhered to due to stock outs of medicines. Therefore, Measures are required to prevent hypertension, improve awareness, treatment and control within the community, especially at Gulu University where research has never been done.

Population-based survey of prevalence,causes,and risk factors for blindness and visual impairment in an aging Chinese metropolitan population

AIM： To assess the prevalence, causes, and risk factors for blindness and visual impairment among elderly （〉60 years of age） Chinese people in a metropolitan area of Shanghai, China. METHODS： Random cluster sampling was conducted to identify participants among residents ≥60 years of age living in the Xietu Block, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China. Presenting visual acuity （PVA） and best-corrected visual acuity （BCVA） were checked by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study （ETDRS） visual chart. All eligible participants underwent a comprehensive eye examination. Blindness and visual impairment were defined according to World Health Organization （WHO） criteria. RESULTS： A total of 4190 persons （1688 men and 2502 women） participated in the study, and the response rate was 91.1%. Based on PVA, the prevalence of blindness was 1.1% and that of visual impairment was 7.6%. Based on BCVA, the prevalence of blindness and visual impairment decreased to 0.9% and 3.9%, respectively. Older （〉80 years of age） women, with low educational levels and smoking habits, exhibited a significantly greater chance for blindness and visual impairment than did those with high educational levels and no smoking habits （P〈0.05）. Based on PVA and BCVA, the main causes of blindness were cataract, myopic maculopathy, and age-related macular degeneration （AMD）. CONCLUSION： Our findings help to identify the population in need of intervention, to highlight the need for additional eye healthcare services in urban China.

Sero-Prevalence and Risk factors of Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in Afgoye District Lower Shabelle Region, Somalia

Contagious bovine Pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is an infectious and highly contagious respiratory disease of cattle and water buffalo, caused by the Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides. It induces significant economic losses and leads to a severe livestock production problem, negatively influencing people’s livelihoods of affected countries. In Somalia, there is no updated data on the prevalence and distribution of the disease. Hence, a descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to June 2023 in different villages under the Afgoye District of lower Shabelle region, Somalia. The main purpose of this study is to assess the sero-prevalence and identify the associated risk factors for the occurrence of the disease. In this study, villages, age, sex, breed, and body condition were considered as risk factors. A total of 90 blood samples were collected and tested in the laboratory using the Anti-CBPP Elisa kit test. Out of 90 serum samples from herd cattle, 32 were positive, resulting in an overall prevalence of 35.5%. In addition, we found a statistically significant variation between the prevalence of the disease and factors such as sex, age, body condition and breeds. In summary, the overall prevalence of Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia in this study area is worth to be considered because there is a low quality of health care and less awareness of the Contagious bovine Pleuropneumonia effects on herds, which warrants the official authorities to act and follow appropriate preventive and control measures to reduce the incidence of the disease and generate appropriate controlling and prevention measures in all regions of Somalia.

Prevalence of celiac disease in Germany:A prospective follow-up study

AIM:To determine the prevalence of celiac disease in a randomly selected population sample. METHODS:A total of 2157 subjects (1036 males; 1121 females) participating in a population-based cross-sectional study underwent laboratory testing for tissue transglutaminase and antibodies to immunoglobulin A, endomysium and antigliadin. In a second step, all subjects who had been examined serologically were surveyed using a questionnaire that included questions specific to celiac disease. Subjects with positive antibody titers and those with histories positive for celiac disease then underwent biopsy. At the first follow up, antibody titers were again determined in these subjects and subjects were questioned regarding symptoms specific for celiac disease and disorders associated with celiac disease. The second follow up consisted of a telephone interview with subjects positive for celiac disease.RESULTS:Antibody tests consistent with celiac disease were reported in eight subjects, corresponding to an overall prevalence of 1:270 (8/2157). The prevalence among women was 1:224 and 1:518 in men. Classical symptoms were observed in 62.5% of subjects. Atypical celiac disease was present in 25.0%, and transient celiac disease in 12.5%. False-negative test results were returned in three subjects. This yields a sensitivity and specificity of 62.5% and 50.0%, respectively, for tissue transglutaminase immunoglobulin-A antibody; of 62.5% and 71.4% respectively, for endomysium antibody; and of 62.5% and 71.4%, respectively, for antigliadin antibody.CONCLUSION:The prevalence rate in our collective lies within the middle tertile of comparable studies in Europe. The use of a single antibody test for screening purposes must be called into question.

Prevalence estimates for primary brain tumors in China： a multi-center cross-sectional study

Background Although the first leading cause of death in China was malignant neoplasms （mortality, 374.1 per 100 000 person-years）, the full impact of primary brain tumors （PBT） on the healthcare system is not completely described because there are a few well documented reports about the epidemiologic features of brain tumors. This study aimed to report a comprehensive assessment on the prevalence of PBT. Methods A multicenter cross-sectional study on brain tumor （MCSBT） in China was initiated in five regional centers： Daqing （northeast）, Puyang （north of China）, Shiyan （center of China）, Ma＇anshan （center of China） and Shanghai （southeast）. Prevalence rate was calculated by counting the number of people living with a PBT between October 1,2005 and September 30, 2006 and dividing by the total population of the five communities at January 1, 2006. Estimates of prevalence were expressed as percentages and grouped according to gender and to age in fifteen-year categories. Within these strata, the rates were estimated with 95% confidence intervals （C/） using the accurate calculation of CI for Poisson distribution. A chi-square test was used to compare the various frequencies with a 〈0.05. Age-standardized prevalence with the direct method was calculated with the ten-year age-specific prevalence and the age distribution of population prospects： the 2008 revision. Results We estimated that the overall prevalence of PBT was 24.56 per 100 000 （95% CI, 14.85 to 34.27）, and the overall prevalence of PBT in female population （30.57 per 100 000 and its 95% Cl ranged from 19.73 to 41.41） was higher than that in male population （18.84 per 100 000 and its 95% Cl ranged from 10.33 to 27.35）. However, the discrepancy between genders was not statistically significant because the 95% Cl overlapped. Of 272 cases of newly diagnosed PBT, the proportion of histological subtypes by age groups, gender was statistically different （X2=52.6510, P 〈0.0001）. More than half of all reported tumors （52.57%） were either gliomas or meningiomas. For the youngest （aged from 0-19） strata of the population, glioma appeared to occur more than other subtypes, accounting for 55.56% of all of cases. The majority of brain tumors presented in those aged from 20 to 59 years was pituitary adenomas （45.12%） and gliomas （31.10%）. Opposed to brain tumors in adults and teenage, gliomas only accounted for 22.22%. Meanwhile, the median ages at diagnosis of the patients with PBT were similar between males and females except for pituitary adenomas （male： 59 years old; female： 45 years old）. Conclusions Age standardized prevalence of PBT is 22.52 per 100 000 （95% CI, 13.22 to 31.82） for all populations, 17.64 per 100 000 （95% CI, 9.41 to 25.87） for men, and 27.94 per 100 000 （95% Cl, 17.58 to 38.30） for women. Age standardization to China＇s 2010 population yielded an estimated population of 304 954 cases with PBT. Our prevalence estimates provide a conservative basis on which to plan health care services and to develop programmatic strategies for surviving. Inthe future, it would be helpful to have long-term observed survival rates that would make the assumptions and the resulting imprecision in the current estimates unnecessary.

Prevalence and determinations of physical inactivity among public hospital employees in Shanghai, China： a cross-sectional study

This study aims to explore the prevalence and determinations of physical inactivity among hospital employees in Shanghai, China. A cross-sectional study of 4612 employees aged 19 to 68years was conducted through stratified cluster sampling from different classes of Shanghai hospitals in 2011. The total physical activity was evaluated using the metabolic equivalent according to the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Among the participants, 38.5%, 32.3%, and 64.6% of the employees are inactive at work, commuting, and taking leisure time, respectively. Up to 41.8% of the men and 37.8% of the women （P = 0.012） are physically inactive. When the age and educational level are adjusted, male doctors and medical technicians show a higher percentage of physical inactivity than male workers in logistics （P = 0.001）. Among females, employees who are working in second- and third-class hospitals show a higher proportion of physical inactivity than those who are working in community health care centers. Logistic regression analyses show that the odds ratios （ORs） of leisure-time physical inactivity associated with the intensity of physical activity at work are 2.259, 2.897, and 4.266 for men （P 〈 0.001） and 2.456, 3.259, and 3.587 for women （P 〈 0.001）, respectively. The time during commuting activities is significantly associated with leisure-time physical inactivity in either sex （OR = 2.116 for men and 2.173 for women, P 〈 0.001）. Hospital employees, particularly doctors and medical technicians, show a higher proportion of physical inactivity than other inhabitants in Shanghai. The time and intensity of activity at work and commuting are associated with leisure-time activities.

Prevalence of Contagious Diseases of School Going Children in Bangladesh

Children are becoming increasingly vulnerable to contagious disease around the world. It also leads to chronic health problems. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of contagious diseases in children of 5 - 12 years from five government primary schools (class II to V) in Tangail City, Bangladesh using multistage sampling method. Data were collected using a carry home questionnaire and diseases screening examination was done in the school. Prevalence of common contagious diseases was calculated. A total of 84 students were screened to have contagious diseases by clinical examination, giving a prevalence rate of 8.76% from 958 participated school children. The prevalence of contagious disease among the affected children in the study was found 30.95% for scabies, while 20.24% for influenza and 7.14%, 9.52%, 15.48%, 5.95%, & 10.71% for typhoid, chicken pox, measles, pneumonia, and whooping cough, respectively. Anthropometric measurements were recorded which indicated that 48.8% of children were well-nourished and 21.4%, 17.9%, & 11.9% of children were underweight, stunted, and wasted, respectively. However, these data are extremely important to define the problem and to design proper intervention strategies.

2015-2019年中国50岁以上人群白内障患病率的Meta分析

目的:系统评价中国50岁以上人群白内障的患病率,为白内障的防治提供依据。方法:计算机检索CNKI、WanFang Data、VIP、CBM、PubMed、EMbase、Web of Science核心合集及The Cochrane Library,检索与中国50岁以上人群白内障患病率相关的横断面研究,检索时限设定为2015年1月1日-2020年7月2日。采用Stata 16.0软件对符合纳入标准的文献进行Meta分析。结果:最终纳入19篇文献,总样本量为76 856。研究结果显示,我国50岁以上人群白内障的患病率为37.3%[95%CI(31.6%,42.9%)]。以地区、性别、年龄以及城乡居民作为分组因素进行亚组分析,海拔500米以下地区白内障的患病率为33.4%[95%CI(26.8%,40.1%)],海拔500米以上地区的患病率为34.3%[95%CI(24.1%,44.5%)];南方26.1%[95%CI(20.2%,32.1%)]低于北方45.5%[95%CI(37.2%,53.9%)];女性白内障患病率38.4%[95%CI(30.5%,46.2%)]高于男性33.1%[95%CI(25.1%,41.1%)];50~59岁的白内障患病率为16.3%[95%CI(11.0%,21.5%)],60~69岁为35.5%[95%CI(26.8%,44.2%)],70~79岁为55.5%[95%CI(46.2%,64.8%)],80岁以上为71.1%[95%CI(60.9%,81.2)];城镇居民的白内障患病率32.7%[95%CI(16.0%,49.5%)]低于农村居民40.7%[95%CI(19.5%,62.0%)]。结论:我国50岁以上人群白内障的患病率较高,仍需要进行高质量的流行病学调查以监测白内障的患病率。

新疆生产建设兵团石河子地区心房颤动流行病学调查研究

背景心房颤动(简称房颤)是临床上较为常见的心律失常,具有高患病率、高致残率、高治疗费的特点,严重影响患者生活质量,国内不同地区以及不同人群中的房颤患病率有很大差异,目前新疆生产建设兵团地区对于房颤的患病率无较大规模流行病学调查。目的了解新疆生产建设兵团石河子地区房颤的患病率、相关的危因素、规范化的治疗状况,为本地区房颤预防、管理、治疗提供可靠数据支持。方法采用横断面年龄比例1∶10分层随机抽样调查2021年5月—2023年6月新疆生产建设兵团石河子地区18个农牧团场及市区18岁及以上常住居民63079人。采用问卷收集患者基线资料、房颤流行病学、知晓率及治疗情况。将患者分为房颤组(n=737)与非房颤组(n=62342)。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探究房颤发生的影响因素。结果共纳入新疆生产建设兵团第八师石河子地区居民63079人,平均年龄(54.9±15.3)岁。筛查出房颤患者737人,患病率为1.17%,根据年龄校正后患病率为1.12%。筛查人群中房颤知晓率仅为1.62%(1021/63079),其中确诊房颤人群中房颤知晓率52.78%(389/737)。18~39岁、40~49岁、50~59岁、60~69岁、70~79岁、≥80岁房颤患病率分别为0.05%(5/9964)、0.32%(29/9076)、0.62%(135/21686)、1.28%(151/11810)、3.05%(207/6776)、5.57%(210/3767);男性和女性房颤患病率分别为1.60%(441/27591)、0.83%(296/35488);汉族、回族、维吾尔族、哈萨克族、其他民族房颤患病率分别为1.20%(720/60014)、0.70%(7/1007)、0.62%(7/1130)、1.67%(2/120)、1.41%(1/171);城市区域及农牧团场区域房颤患病率分别为0.79%(350/44504)、2.08%(387/18575)。房颤组与非房颤组年龄、性别、年龄段分布、居住区域、受教育程度比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。房颤组吸烟、饮酒、高血压、冠心病、2型糖尿病、高脂血症、慢性心力衰竭、脑血管疾病、心脏瓣膜病、慢性肺部疾病、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、甲状腺功能异常、外周血管疾病、肿瘤比例高于非房颤组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄、性别、饮酒、高血压、心脏瓣膜病、慢性心力衰竭、甲状腺功能异常、睡眠呼吸暂停综合征、肿瘤为房颤发生的影响因素(P<0.05)。新发现房颤85例(11.53%)、阵发性房颤257例(34.87%)、持续性房颤178例(21.16%)、永久性房颤217例(29.44%);口服抗凝药物360例、行房颤射频消融术或一站式治疗23例,本地区房颤治疗率51.96%。房颤患者中规范化治疗、未规范化治疗和未治疗分别为360例(48.85%)、21例(2.85%)、356例(48.30%),新发现房颤、阵发性房颤、持续性房颤、永久性房颤的规划化治疗率分别为11.11%、28.89%、24.72%、35.28%,不同类型房颤规划化治疗率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=18.918,P=0.004)。结论新疆生产建设兵团石河子地区房颤患病率基本持平于全国水平,危险因素与国内外研究相近,但人群中房颤知晓率、及房颤规范化治疗率明显偏低,情况不容乐观。

老年男性人群跌倒发生率及相关危险因素的现况调查

目的系统评估老年男性人群跌倒发生情况,调查与跌倒相关的危险因素。方法在60岁以上老年男性群体中开展调查,评价指标包括受试者一般信息、跌倒史、生活习惯、病史、体检信息、运动能力、肌肉力量、步行能力、平衡能力、认知状态等,研究老年人跌倒发生风险因素及相关损伤情况,根据1年内跌倒史分为跌倒组与非跌倒组,比较两组间各项指标差异,通过单因素与多因素二元logistic回归分析,探索其相关因素。结果完成调查520名,平均(77.21±9.70)岁,近1年内跌倒发生率31.35%;既往跌倒损伤率33.6%,既往跌倒失能发生率31.9%。跌倒高危时间为清晨与深夜,地点是卧室、卫生间,跌倒多在行走中发生,跌倒方式主要为滑倒与绊倒。环境原因主要是地面湿滑、障碍物,个人原因复杂。跌倒组(163名)与非跌倒组(357名)在年龄、日常生活活动能力(ADL)、工具性日常生活活动(IADL)量表、简易精神状态检查表、下肢肌力、单腿平衡(SLBT)、计时“起立-行走”试验、5次坐立试验、步速、功能性步行量表、运动史及多病状态上有差异。单因素Logistic回归分析显示,老年男性人群跌倒发生的危险因素有高龄、IADL功能差、多病状态,以及脑卒中、体位性低血压、消化疾病、肌骨疾病、听觉损失等多种疾病,保护因素有运动史、ADL、认知功能、下肢肌力、SLBT、行走能力等。多因素Logistic回归显示,老年男性人群跌倒的危险因素有高龄(OR=1.085,95%CI:1.026~1.147)、脑卒中(OR=2.528,95%CI:1.118~5.717)、体位性低血压(OR=2.845,95%CI:1.249~6.481),保护因素有良好的ADL(OR=0.944,95%CI:0.931~0.959)、下肢力量(OR=0.842,95%CI:0.784~0.905)、SLBT(OR=0.705,95%CI:0.633~0.786)。结论老年男性人群的跌倒发生率较高,跌倒风险随年龄增加而升高,跌倒后易发生损伤、失能。跌倒与自身原因、时间、环境有关,高龄、日常生活能力水平低、下肢力量与平衡能力下降及有脑卒中、体位性低血压病史的老年男性跌倒风险更高。

我国近十年维持性血液透析患者抑郁患病率的Meta分析

目的:系统评价我国近10年维持性血液透析患者抑郁的患病率。方法:计算机搜索2014年1月1日至2023年10月10日期间发表的文献,检索中国知网、万方知识服务平台、维普期刊论文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、美国国立图书馆(PubMed)、Web of Science、the Cochrane Library,收集有关我国维持性血液透析患者抑郁患病率的观察性研究。使用Stata 17.0软件对纳入文献进行Meta分析,采用随机效应模型和固定效应模型整合数据;通过逐一剔除每篇文献,并判断是否影响结局指标稳定性的方法进行敏感性分析;采用Egger检验结合漏斗图评价研究发表偏倚。结果:最终纳入文献25篇。Meta分析结果显示:我国近10年维持性血液透析患者抑郁的总体患病率为39.9%(95%CI:33.8%~46.0%)。亚组分析结果提示:性别、年龄、吸烟史、筛查工具、调查时间和地区等因素均会影响患者抑郁的患病率。敏感性分析表明研究结果具有稳定性;发表偏倚检测提示本研究存在发表偏倚。结论:我国近10年维持性血液透析患者抑郁的患病率为33.8%~46.0%,应加强对该组人群进行抑郁筛查,早期识别发生抑郁的危险因素,提高患者生活质量。

海南省东方市社区居民疾病谱分析

目的探讨2021年海南省东方市社区居民的疾病构成及流行病学特征。方法采用横断面研究设计,分析了2021年1月1日—12月31日海南省东方市疾病监测数据库196761例社区居民的病历资料。对该人群进行了年龄标准化后,分析和描述了前十位疾病构成。结果196761例社区居民中,男性91621例(占46.56%),女性105140例(占53.43%),男女比为0.87;以≥45岁居民居多,占46.13%(90763/196761)。疾病谱前3位依次是呼吸系统疾病[32.69%(64327/196761)]、循环系统疾病[7.86%(15470/196761)]和消化系统疾病[7.21%(14191/196761)];前10位系统疾病中,男性损伤、中毒和外因的某些其他后果的年龄标准化患病率高于女性(3.11%vs 2.30%),女性泌尿生殖系统疾病的年龄标准化患病率高于男性(3.01%vs 1.20%)。呼吸系统疾病以急性上呼吸道感染(5.17%)、急性支气管炎(1.84%)和慢性支气管炎(1.44%)为主,其在<5岁组的患病率(38.59%)和伤残损失寿命年率(656.01/10万)最高;循环系统疾病以高血压病(1.72%)、脑梗死(0.71%)和慢性缺血性心脏病(0.49%)为主,其在≥60岁组的患病率(17.13%)和伤残损失寿命年率(2175.49/10万)最高;消化系统疾病以胃炎和十二指肠炎(1.10%)、其他非感染性胃肠炎和结肠炎(0.43%)以及龈炎和牙周疾病(0.38%)为主,其在≥60岁组的患病率(6.98%)和伤残损失寿命年率(1710.75/10万)最高。结论2021年海南省东方市社区居民以呼吸系统疾病、循环系统疾病和消化系统疾病为主,且疾病负担主要归因于需要长期管理的疾病。东方市应针对疾病谱特征优化和调配医疗资源,加强高危人群的健康促进和防治工作。

高血压与胆石症风险的关联性研究

目的通过开展一项全国多中心研究及一项系统综述和Meta分析,全面研究高血压与胆石症(GSD)患病风险的关联性。方法研究分为3个阶段:第1阶段,于2015—2020年在成都、天津、北京和重庆地区共4个中心招募参与健康检查的研究对象。使用多因素Logistic回归分析研究不同中心高血压与GSD患病风险的相关性;第2阶段,系统检索Embase、PubMed、万方、维普和中国知网数据库中2021年5月之前发表的相关研究文献,并通过Meta分析以进一步验证这种关联性;第3阶段,采用随机效应模型对多中心横断面研究结果与既往文献结果进行合并分析。结果横断面研究共招募633948例受试者,GSD的患病率为7.844%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,高血压与GSD患病风险呈正相关(P<0.05)。亚组分析结果显示高血压与GSD的关联在性别、年龄和胆结石亚型中无明显差异。系统综述和Meta分析最终纳入了80篇文献,结果表明每升高10 mmHg的舒张压和收缩压,GSD风险分别增加1.022倍和1.014倍。结论高血压显著增加GSD的患病风险,本研究结果将为探讨GSD的病因学和识别高危人群提供基础。

北京市城区3～6岁幼儿感觉统合失调的现况调查

目的 :调查 3～ 6岁幼儿感觉统合失调的失调率及其分布 ,为探讨感觉统合失调的病因提供线索。方法 :采用流行病学研究现况调查整群抽样的方法 ,以感觉统合诊断表调查北京市城近郊区有代表性的 15所幼儿园及部分散居幼儿。结果 :15 2 6名 3～ 6岁幼儿的轻度感觉统合失调率为 2 8 5 % ,重度感觉统合失调率为 8 9% ,轻重度感觉统合失调率为 2 9 4%。男孩和女孩感觉统合失调率分别为 2 8 3 %和 30 7%。各项轻度和重度感觉统合失调率的年龄和性别分布差异无显著性。结论 :感觉统合失调是值得重视的儿童发育问题 ,若早期干预 。

甘肃省天水市18岁及以上人群精神障碍流行病学调查

目的:了解甘肃省天水市成年人群精神障碍的患病率及分布特点。方法:采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法随机抽取甘肃省天水市≥18岁人群11359人为调查对象,用扩展的一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)进行筛查,将调查对象分为精神障碍高、中、低危险3组,然后用美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册(DSM-IV)轴Ⅰ障碍定式临床检查患者版对3组人群进行诊断检查。将计算出的患病率进行调整并推广至天水230万成年人口。结果:10249人完成调查,调整后精神障碍总的现患率(最近1个月)为17.90%(95%CI为15.72%～20.32%);患病率前三位分别是酒精使用障碍(3.16%)、重性抑郁障碍(2.73%)和未特定焦虑障碍(2.67%)。男性精神障碍总的现患率为15.85%,女性为20.08%;农村为17.33%,城市为20.59%;男女、农村与城市之间精神障碍总的现患率差异无统计学意义[OR(95%CI)分别为0.75(0.52～1.07)和0.81(0.57～1.15)],但酒精使用障碍男性的现患率高于女性(6.00%vs.0.14%,OR=45.59,95%CI:17.98～115.57),农村居民低于城市居民(2.43%vs.6.57%,OR=0.35,95%CI:0.15～0.85)。在有精神障碍的人群中,功能损害程度为中等到严重者占37.10%,但仅8.58%的患者曾经因心理问题在医疗机构就诊,并且仅5.29%曾经就诊于精神科。结论:甘肃省天水市精神障碍的患病率较高。酒精使用障碍和重性抑郁是特别需要关注的问题。

吉林省成年居民慢性病患病率及其疾病谱调查分析

目的:了解慢性非传染性疾病及其疾病谱在吉林省不同地区、不同人群的流行状况,为制定慢性病防制的策略和措施提供依据。方法:采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,于2012年抽取吉林省32个县(市、区)18～79岁23 050名居民进行面对面访谈以调查其慢性病患病情况;采用复杂加权的方法估计其慢性病的患病率。结果:吉林省成年居民慢性病总患病率为51.6%,农村(55.7%)高于城市(48.3%),女性(57.6%)高于男性(46.0%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001),患病率随年龄增长呈上升趋势;系统别慢性病患病率前5位依次为循环系统疾病(23.5%),消化系统疾病(19.1%),骨骼肌肉系统和结缔组织疾病(18.1%),泌尿系统疾病(12.3%),内分泌、营养和代谢疾病(7.6%);疾病别慢性病患病率前5位依次为高血压(13.3%)、慢性胃肠炎及溃疡(11.4%)、椎间盘疾病(11.4%)、缺血性心脏病(7.7%)和关节炎(7.0%)。结论:吉林省成年居民慢性病患病率高于既往国内相关调查结果,不同地区、不同人群慢性病的流行状况存在差异,提示应加大对慢性病防治力度,结合慢性病流行特征采取有针对性的防治措施。

上海市浦东新区慢性肾病流行情况及其危险因素研究

目的调查上海市浦东新区居民慢性肾病（CKD）患病情况,并探究CKD的危险因素。方法在本课题组前期研究（2008年上海市浦东新区横断面调查人群）的基础上,以相同的多阶段抽样方法,抽取2013年浦东新区符合纳入标准的常住居民10 657例为调查对象。调查内容包括社区居民基本情况（性别、年龄、文化程度、静坐时间、睡眠时间、体育活动、糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常、向心性肥胖、高尿酸血症）;并对居民进行体格检查,记录其清蛋白尿、白细胞尿、肾功能下降、血尿、CKD患病率,其中肾损伤（清蛋白尿、白细胞尿、血尿）或肾功能下降〔估算肾小球滤过率（e GFR）〈60 ml·min^-1·（1.73 m^2）^-1〕或自报临床明确诊断中任意一项阳性均定义为CKD。以2010年全国人口构成对居民患病率进行标化。采用多因素Logistic回归分析分析居民患CKD的影响因素。结果 10657例调查对象中最终能够获得CKD结局的有效调查人数为9 653例,其中男3 550例（36.78%）,女6 103例（63.22%）。不同性别居民年龄、文化程度、静坐时间、睡眠时间、是否参加体育活动、糖尿病发生率、高血压发生率、血脂异常发生率、向心性肥胖发生率、高尿酸血症发生率比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。居民清蛋白尿患病率为12.10%（867/7 164）,全国人口标化患病化为9.22%。不同性别、睡眠时间及是否参加体育活动居民的清蛋白尿患病率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。不同年龄、文化程度、静坐时间,是否存在糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常、向心性肥胖、高尿酸血症居民的清蛋白尿患病率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。居民清蛋白尿患病率有随年龄增加而逐渐上升的趋势（χ_（趋势）^2=73.112,P〈0.05）;居民清蛋白尿患病率有随文化程度升高而逐渐降低的趋势（χ^2趋势=60.559,P〈0.05）。居民白细胞尿患病率为8.48%（482/5 684）,全国人口标化患病化为6.21%。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、静坐时间,是否存在高尿酸血症居民的白细胞尿患病率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。女性白细胞尿患病率随年龄增加而升高（χ^2趋势=14.769,P〈0.05）;男性白细胞尿患病率无年龄趋势（χ^2趋势=3.257,P=0.071）。居民白细胞尿患病率有随文化程度升高而逐渐降低的趋势（χ^2趋势=17.272,P〈0.05）。居民血尿患病率为11.89%（711/5 979）,全国人口标化患病化为10.27%。不同性别、年龄、文化程度、睡眠时间居民的血尿患病率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。男性血尿患病率随年龄增加而升高（χ^2趋势=37.939,P〈0.05）,女性患病率无年龄趋势（χ^2趋势=1.649,P=0.199）。居民血尿患病率有随文化程度升高而逐渐降低的趋势（χ^2趋势=8.685,P〈0.05）。居民肾功能下降患病率为1.40%（135/9619）,全国人口标化患病化为0.80%。不同年龄、文化程度、静坐时间、是否存在糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常、向心性肥胖、高尿酸血症居民的肾功能低下患病率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。居民肾功能下降患病率有随年龄增加而逐渐上升的趋势（χ^2趋势=108.479,P〈0.05）。居民肾功能下降患病率有随文化程度升高而逐渐降低的趋势（χ^2趋势=23.961,P〈0.05）。居民CKD患病率为19.88%（1 919/9 653）,全国人口标化患病率为15.65%。不同静坐时间、是否参加体育活动居民的CKD患病率比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;不同性别、年龄、文化程度、睡眠时间,是否存在糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常、向心性肥胖、高尿酸血症居民的CKD患病率比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。男性、女性CKD患病率均有随年龄增加而逐渐上升的趋势（χ^2趋势分别为86.465、53.838,P〈0.05）;居民CKD患病率有随文化程度升高而逐渐降低的趋势（χ^2趋势=65.358,P〈0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、是否存在糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常、高尿酸血症是CKD的影响因素（P〈0.05）。结论浦东新区常住居民CKD患病率较高,已成为浦东新区重要的公共卫生问题之一,且性别、年龄,是否存在糖尿病、高血压、血脂异常、高尿酸血症是CKD的影响因素,因此需重视CKD的早期防治,遏制CKD进展,减轻个人及社会的医疗负担。

北京40家综合医院住院病人抑郁障碍患病率调查

目的：了解北京综合医院住院病人抑郁障碍的患病率及其求治情况。方法：在北京地区分层随机抽40家综合医院。共调查2925例年龄≥15岁的住院病人。精神科护士使用自制抑郁筛选量表后，精神科医生根据DSM-IV标准对筛选阳性和10％筛选阴性者做出金标准诊断。结果：经调整后任何抑郁障碍总的现患率、年患率和终身患病率分别为7．04％、7．47％和9．96％；其中，重性抑郁障碍分别为3．83％、4．33％和6．11％。在123例现患重性抑郁发作者中，仅有12例（9．8％）曾因此问题接受过诊治。重性抑郁发作现患率在女性显著高于男性（5．18％比3．59％，RR=1．44，95％CI：1．01—2．05），在二级医院高于三级医院（6．28％比3．31％，RR=1．90，95％CI：1．31～2．75），在内科高于外科（6．08％比3．60％，RR=1．69，95％CI：1．15—2．49）和其它科（6．08％比3．01％，RR=2．02，95％CI：1．21-3．37）。结论：北京综合医院住院病人抑郁障碍患病率高，但其接受诊治的比例很低。应尽快制定相应措施以提高综合医院病人抑郁障碍的诊治率并定期对其效果进行监督。

综合医院住院病人躯体形式障碍的临床特点

目的：了解综合医院住院病人中躯体形式障碍（SD）的患病比率、临床特点及相关因素。方法：采用自编调查表和ICD-10诊断标准对综合医院住院病人进行躯体形式障碍筛查及诊断，对SD患者与躯体病患者进行SCL-90量表测查。结果：共筛查了1012例住院病人，诊断为SD者42例（4．15％），SD病人最常见症状为慢性疼痛、胃肠道及自主神经症状；与躯体病患者比较，SD患者年龄偏小（t=2．32，P〈0．05）。住院次数偏多（t=2．21。P〈0．05），SCL-90总分、阳性项目数、躯体化、抑郁、焦虑及精神病性因子分高于普通躯体病患者（t=2．54—6．37，P〈0．05～0．01）。结论：综合医院中因躯体主诉而反复住院的SD病人并不少见，SD病人的心理状况差于普通躯体病患者。

3140例一、二年级大学生B群人格障碍患病率调查

目的:调查我国大学生B群人格障碍患病现状。方法:用PDQ+4问卷从3140名一、二年级大学生中筛选出DSM-IV的B群人格障碍划界分阳性者,再以PDI-Ⅳ定式晤谈法进一步确定大学生群体的患病率。结果:3140名大学生样本中有38例符合B群人格障碍PDI-IV半定式晤谈的评定标准,总患病率为1.21%,符合反社会型人格障碍评定标准的大学生1例;边缘型21例,患病率0.67%;自恋型20例,患病率0.64%;表演型8例,患病率0.25%。其中10例符合一种以上的诊断标准,共病率为26.3%。结论:B群大学生B群人格障碍患病率低于国外报道的普通人群患病率,但略高于国内以往的调查结果,B群人格障碍各型之间有较高的共病率。