Serum Calcium Ionised Rate and Materno-Perinatal Prognosis in Arterial Hypertension in Pregnancy at the Reference General Hospital of Panzi

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are among the leading causes of severe maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are among the leading causes of severe maternal morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries, maternal hypocalcaemia being a factor favouring the onset of arterial hypertension during pregnancy. The aim was to determine the maternal and perinatal prognosis of patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy as a function of serum ionised calcium levels. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study of 114 patients with arterial hypertension during pregnancy or during pregnancy or in the postpartum period at the HGR/Panzi from 1 January 2021 to 30 June 2022, text was entered using Microsoft Office Word 2010 and the tables were analysed using Excel 2010. The data was analysed using SPSS version 20.0 and Stata 14.0. The associations of the variables were calculated using Pearson's chi-square test, with a significance threshold set at a value of p < 0.05. Study of risk factors, Odds ratios and their confidence intervals were estimated in a univariate analysis. The most determining factors were identified by multivariate analysis using the Forward conditional logistic regression model. Results: The mean gestational age was 34.43 ± 4.327 amenorheas weeks, 46.6% of patients had a vaginal delivery, 66.65% of which were indicated for maternal prognosis, maternal complications were associated with maternal hypocalcaemia in 81, 82% (P = 0.043) and an OR = 3.255 (P = 0.0158) threefold risk that the patient presenting with a complication is likely to be in a state of hypocalcaemia at 95% confidence index, and fetal prognosis was not significantly related to maternal calcaemia. Conclusion: Maternal hypocalcaemia is one of the factors that can influence maternal-foetal complications maternal-fetal complications, early management and prevention of this pathology is pathology is important to reduce maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality.

Maternal and Perinatal Prognosis of Arterial Hypertension and Pregnancy in a Peripheral Health Center in Mali

Introduction: Maternal mortality constitutes a public health problem and its rate is an indicator of a country’s development. Among the causes of maternal and perinatal death, high blood pressure associated with pregnancy occupies a significant part. It represents 5% of direct maternal deaths. Objective: to study the maternal and perinatal prognosis of high blood pressure during pregnancy in the Tenenkou reference health center in Mali. Methodology: This was a descriptive, analytical and retrospective cross-sectional study over a period of twelve months from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2021 and involving 144 cases of high blood pressure associated with pregnancy. Results: We obtained a frequency of 11.75%. The majority of patients 70.9% were aged between 20 - 35 years. The important risk factor found was young age. During our study, 46.5% of patients had performed at least one CPN and only 13.9% performed 04 CPN. Pre-eclampsia was the most common type of high blood pressure during pregnancy, i.e. 61.1%. Eclampsia and retroplacental hematoma were the most common maternal complications, respectively 27.8% and 11.1%. The most common fetal complications were premature births and fetal distress with 20.9% and 17.4% respectively. Conclusion: Hypertension associated with pregnancy still remains a major cause of maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality in our context where diagnosis is often late. The main clinical form was preeclampsia. Eclampsia and retroplacental hematoma were the most frequent maternal complications. Fetal complications were mainly prematurity and fetal distress.

Twin pregnancy with sudden heart failure and pulmonary hypertension after atrial septal defect repair: A case report

BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH)in pregnancy is one of the major obstetric complications and is considered a contraindication to pregnancy as it is classified as a class IV risk in the revised risk classification of pregnancy by the World Health Organisation.Pregnancy,with its adaptive and expectant mechanical and hormonal changes,negatively affects the cardiopulmonary circulation in pregnant women.Do patients with repaired simple congenital heart disease(CHD)develop other pulmonary and cardiac complications during pregnancy?Can pregnant women with sudden pulmonary hypertension be treated and managed in time?In this paper,we present a case of a 39-year-old woman who underwent cesarean section at 33 wk'gestation and developed PAH secondary to repaired simple CHD.Our research began by a PubMed search for"pulmonary hypertension"and"pregnancy"and"CHD"case reports.Three cases were selected to review PAH in pregnancy after correction of CHD defects.These studies were reviewed,coupled with our own clinical experience.CASE SUMMARY Herein,a case involving a woman who underwent atrial septal defect repair at the age of 34,became pregnant five years later,and had a sudden onset of PAH and right heart failure secondary to symptoms of acute peripheral edema in the third trimester of her pregnancy.As a result,the patient underwent a cesarean section and gave birth to healthy twins.Within three days after cesarean delivery,her cardiac function deteriorated as the pulmonary artery pressure increased.Effec-tive postpartum management,including diuresis,significant oxygen uptake,vasodilators,capacity and anticoagulants management,led to improvements in cardiac function and oxygenation.The patient was discharged from hospital with a stable recovery and transferred to local hospitals for further PAH treatment.CONCLUSION This case served as a reminder to obstetricians of the importance of pregnancy after repair of CHD.It is crucial for patients with CHD to receive early correction.It suggests doctors should not ignore edema of twin pregnancy.Also,it provides a reference for the further standardization of antenatal,in-trapartum and postpartum management for patients with CHD worldwide.

Arterial Hypertension and Pregnancy about 72 Cases

Background: Hypertension is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy also constitute a major global health threat. There are different types of hypertension that can occur during pregnancy;with different mechanisms and consequences for mother and fetus. Objectives: To determine the frequency of hypertension (hypertension) during pregnancy. Document the risk factors for pregnancy-related hypertension. Review the material and fetal complications which determine the prognosis. Methods and Patients: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study from January 1 to June 30, 2022 in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the Brazzaville Hospital and University Center. We noted 72 cases of hypertension among 1188 births admitted during the reference period. Hypertension was defined as blood pressure 40/90mmHg. Results: Hypertension was observed in 6% of those giving birth. The average age of the patients was 28 ± 8 years (range 15 to 39 years). The age group of 15 to 34 years was the most affected, 56 cases (778%). The risk factors were young age (15 - 34 years), late transfer of women in labor, 49 cases (68%). Primiparity, 33 cases (45.8%), absence of prenatal consultation, 7 cases (9.7%), hypertension, 8 cases (11%), twinning, 4 cases (5%), fetal macrosomia, one case (1.3%). Maternal complications recorded were: 21 cases of eclampsia (29%), 6 cases of left ventricular failure (8.3%), 5 cases of anemia (6.9%), 2 cases of retroplacental hematoma (2.8%), 1 case of HELLP syndrome, as much renal failure. Fetal and neonatal complications were 23 cases of prematurity (32%), 10 cases of acute fetal distress (14%), 4 cases of hypotrophy (5.6%). Eleven cases of death (15.3%) were: 3 in utero. B in the neonatal period.

Analysis of factors related to postpartum depression in pregnancyinduced hypertension syndrome patients and construction and evaluation of nomograms

BACKGROUND It is positive to integrate and evaluate the risk factors for postpartum depression in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome and to detect highrisk patients as early as possible,which has application value for the clinical development of personalized prevention programs and prognosis of patients.AIM To analyze factors related to postpartum depression in patients with pregnancyinduced hypertension and construct and evaluate a nomogram model.METHODS The clinical data of 276 patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension admitted to Huzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital between January 2017 and April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed.We evaluated the depression incidence at 6 wk postpartum.The depression group included patients with postpartum depression,and the remainder were in the non-depression group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis and the LASSO regression model were applied to analyze the factors related to postpartum depression in patients with pregnancyinduced hypertension.After that,a risk prediction model nomogram was constructed and evaluated.RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that vitamin A deficiency(VAD)during pregnancy and puerperium,family history of hypertension,maternal intestinal flora imbalance,eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA),and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA)were independent risk factors for postpartum depression in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension(P<0.05).We constructed the nomogram model based on these five risk factors.The area under the curve,specificity,and sensitivity of the model in predicting postpartum depression in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension was 0.867(95%confidence interval:0.828–0.935),0.676,and 0.889,respectively.The average absolute error was 0.037(Hosmer-Lemeshow testχ2=10.739,P=0.217).CONCLUSION VAD during pregnancy and puerperium,family history of hypertension,maternal intestinal flora imbalance,EPA,and DHA affect postpartum depression in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Prediction of Hypotension During Neuraxial Anesthesia in Patients with Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension Through Subclavian Vein Collapsibility Index

Objective:To explore and evaluate the predictive value of subclavian vein collapsibility index(SCV-CI)on hypotension during neuraxial anesthesia in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH).Methods:Pregnant women with PIH who underwent elective cesarean section in our hospital from January to July 2021 were selected as the research subjects.Patients who experienced hypotension during anesthesia were included into the hypotension group,whereas patients who had a normal blood pressure during anesthesia were included in the normotensive group.The SCV-CI was then calculated for three respiratory cycles,the average value was taken as the base value,and the patient was monitored for another 20 minutes.The blood pressure,heart rate,blood oxygen saturation,and SCV-CI of the patients were measured,and the incidence of maternal nausea and vomiting and cord blood gas were recorded.Then,a correlation analysis was conducted on the relationship between subclavian vein collapsibility index and hypotension.A receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn to seek the threshold value of subclavian vein collapsibility index for post-anesthesia hypotension.Results:There was no significant difference in systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),and heart rate(HR)between the two groups before anesthesia(P>0.05).After anesthesia,the above indexes(SBP,103.25±12.48 mmHg;DBP,58.94±7.46 mmHg;and HR,52.96±6.48 beats/min)were significantly lower than those of the normal blood pressure group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).In comparison,the SCV-CI in the hypotension group was 35.82±4.93%greater than that in the normal blood pressure group(23.85±5.27%),and the incidence of nausea and vomiting in the hypotension group(40.0%)was significantly higher than that in the normotensive group(10.53%),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The area under the curve of SCV-CI prediction against hypotension in patients with PIH under neuraxial anesthesia was 0.825(95%CI:0.762-0.893,P<0.001),the cut-off value was 25.68%,the predictive sensitivity was 92.68%,and the specificity was 81.24%.Conclusion:SCV-CI has a good predictive value for the occurrence of hypotension in patients with PIH during neuraxial anesthesia.

Changes in Number and Biological Function of Endothelial Progenitor Cells in Hypertension Disorder Complicating Pregnancy

To examine the changes in number and function of endothelial progenitor cells （EPCs） from peripheral blood （PB） in hypertension disorder complicating pregnancy （HDCP）, 20 women with HDCP and 20 normal pregnant women at the third trimester were studied. Mononuclear cells （MNCs） from PB were isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. EPCs were identified by positive expression of both CD34 and CD133 under fluorescence microscope and positive expression of factor Ⅷ as shown by immunocytochemistry. The number of EPCs was flow-cytometrically determined. Proliferation and migration of EPCs were measured by MTT assay and modified Boyden chamber assay, respectively. The adhesion activity of EPCs was detected by counting the number of the adherent cells. The results showed that, compared with normal pregnant women, the number of EPCs was significantly reduced in HDCP （4.29%±1.21% vs 15.32%±2.00%, P〈0.01）, the functional activity of EPCs in HDCP, such as proliferation （13.45%±1.68% vs 18.45%±1.67%）, migration （37.25±7.28 cells/field vs 67.10±9.55 cells/field） and adhesion activity （20.65±5.19 cells/field vs 34.40±6.72 cells/filed） was impaired （P〈0.01）. It is concluded that the number and function of EPCs are significantly decreased in HDCP.

Correlation Study of Color Doppler Examination of Deep Veins of Both Lower Extremities Combined with Fibrinolysis System in Hypertension during Pregnancy

Objective: To investigate the correlation between deep static color Doppler ultrasound of both lower extremities combined with fibrinolytic system detection in pregnancy-induced hypertension. Methods: A total of 70 normal pregnant women, 70 pregnant women with hypertension during pregnancy, and 50 healthy non-pregnant women in the same period were selected as the research objects. The deep veins of both lower limbs were examined by Rili Erlangshen’s color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic instrument (CDU), and the fibrinolysis system was tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and automatic hemagglutination analyzer. Results: Compared with the non-pregnant group, the inner diameters of the left/right femoral vein (CFV) and popliteal vein (POV) in the normal pregnancy group and the pregnancy-induced hypertension group were significantly widened, and the peak blood flow spectrum was significantly reduced. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01);FIB, PLG, t-PA, PAI, D-Dimer were significantly increased, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01);Compared with the normal pregnancy group, the inner diameter of the left/right femoral vein (CFV) in the hypertensive pregnancy group was significantly wider than that in the normal pregnancy group, and the peak value of the left/right POV blood flow spectrum was significantly lower than that in the normal pregnancy group, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01), while the left/right popliteal vein (POV) inner diameter, left/right CFV blood flow peak value did not change significantly from the normal pregnancy group, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05);FIB, PLG, PAI, D-Dimer of the hypertensive disease group during pregnancy significantly increased, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.01), while t-PA was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Normal pregnant women have a hypercoagulable state compared with healthy non-pregnant women, and pregnant women with hypertension during pregnancy are more likely to be in a pre-thrombotic state than pregnant women with normal pregnancy. Deep vein CDU examination of both lower extremities combined with blood fibrinolysis monitoring is of great value in the prevention and treatment of hypertension during pregnancy.

Osteoprotegerin,interleukin and hepatocyte growth factor for prediction of diabetes and hypertension in the third trimester of pregnancy

BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)raises the risk of high blood pressure and may cause a series of life-threatening complications in pregnant women.Screening and management of GDM and gestational hypertension(GH)in pregnancy helps to control and reduce these risks and prevent adverse effects on mothers and their fetuses.Currently,the majority criteria used for screening of diabetes mellitus is oral glucose tolerance tests,and blood pressure test is usually used for the screening and diagnosis of hypertension.However,these criteria might not anticipate or detect all GDM or GH cases.Therefore,new specific predictive and diagnostic tools should be evaluated for this population.This study selected three biomarkers of osteoprotegerin(OPG),interleukin(IL)and hepatocyte growth factor(HGF)for GDM and GH predication and diagnosis.AIM To explore the feasibility of changes in placental and serum OPG,IL and HGF as tools for prediction and diagnosis of diabetes and hypertension in pregnant women.METHODS From January 2018 to January 2019,44 pregnant women with GDM and GH were selected as an observation group,and 44 healthy pregnant women were selected as a control group in the same period.Serum OPG,IL and HGF were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The levels of OPG and HGF in the observation group were lower than in the control group,and the level of IL-1βwas higher in the observation group than in the control group(all P<0.05).Furthermore,OPG and HGF were negatively associated with gestational diabetes and gestational hypertension,while IL-1βwas positively associated with GDM complicated with GH(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The evaluation of serum OPG,HGF and IL-1βlevels in patients with coexistent gestational diabetes complicated with hypertension can predict the degree of disease and play an important role in the follow-up treatment and prognosis prediction.

Risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women in Indonesia:A cross-sectional study

Objective:To determine the risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women,which is a significant cause of maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality in Indonesia.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study used secondary data from the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research.Pregnant women aged 15-54 years in the second and third trimesters were eligible.The history of hypertension in pregnant women was the dependent variable.The independent variables consisted of the demographic characteristics of pregnant women including pregnancy age,gestational age,education,occupation,place of residence,and region of residence.This study used multivariate logistic regression to determine the risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women in Indonesia.Results:.Among 6479 respondents included in this study,11(7.0%)had a history of diabetes mellitus(DM)and hypertension compared to pregnant women who did not have a history of DM(0.1%).The dominant risk factors for hypertension in pregnant women in Indonesia include maternal age above 35 years(OR 3.67,95%CI 2.54-5.32),third-trimester pregnancy(OR 2.40,95%CI 1.72-3.35),primigravida(OR 1.78,95%CI 1.19-2.68),excessive consumption of salty foods(OR 1.44,95%CI 1.03-2.03),and diabetes mellitus(OR 10.20,95%CI 3.04-32.23).Conclusions:Great efforts must be made to increase public awareness about the dangers of hypertension in pregnant women through early diagnosis and treatment,education on sodium intake,and appropriate care for pregnant women with DM.

Change of hs-CRP,sVCAM-1,NT-proBNP levels in patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension after therapy with magnesium sulfate and nifudipine

Objective:To investigate the change of the hs-CRP,sVC AM-1,NT-proBNP levels of the patients with pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH) syndrome.Methods:A total of 200 patients with PIH were divided into mild,moderate and severe group,and 50 healthy pregnancy patients served as the control group.The serum sVCAM-1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,hs-CRP were detected by immunity transmission turbidity,and NT-proBNP levels were determined by the colloidal gold method.Patients were treated with magnesium sulfate and nifudipine and the contrastive analysis was performed before and after treatment.And the pathological changes in placental of PIH patients were delected by hematoxylin-eosin staining at the same time.Results:The hs-CRP,sVCAM-l,NT-proBNP levels of patients in the mild, moderate and severe PHI group were significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05). The hs-CKP,sVCAM-l,NT-proBNP levels in the severe group were significantly higher than the mild group and the moderate group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The hsCRP,sVCAM-l,NT-proBNP of the moderate group were significantly higher than the mild group(P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between hs-CRP,sVCAM-1,NT-proBNP expression levels and the degree of the PIH.The expression of hs-CRP,sVCAM-1,NT-proBNP levels of the moderate and the severe group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The number of placental villi and interstitial blood vessel in the moderate and severe PIH group were significantly less than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions:The increased levels of serum hs-CRP,sVCAM-1, NT-proBNP may be involved in the process of vascular endothelial cell injury of the PIH,and the hs-CRP,sVCAM-1,NT-proBNP can be used as the auxiliary index for diagnosis of PIH and determination of PIH severity.

Fundus changes in pregnancy induced hypertension

AIM: To determine the prevalence of retinal changes in pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and any association between the retinal changes and blood pressure, proteinuria, and severity of the disease. METHODS: All the patients admitted with diagnosis of PIH were included in this study. Age, race, gravida, gestation period, blood pressure, and proteinuria were noted from the case records. After taking history for any eye symptoms, fundus examination was done after dilating the pupils with direct ophthalmoscope in the ward itself. All the findings were noted on a data sheet, and were analyzed using SPSS programme. RESULTS: A total of 78 patients of PIH were examined. Majority (75.6%) were Malays. The mean age of patients was 30.2 years (range 21-45 years). The gestation period ranged from 25 weeks to 41 weeks; 34 (43.5%) were primi gravida. Thirty (38.4%) patients had mild preeclampsia, 46 (59%) had severe preeclampsia and 2(2.5%) had eclampsia. Retinal changes (hypertensive retinopathy) were noted in 46 (59%) patients --- grade I in 41 (52.6%) and grade II in 5 (6.4%). Haemorrhages or exudates or retinal detachment were not seen in any patient. There was statistically significant positive association of retinal changes and blood pressure (P =0.001), proteinuria (P =0.018) and severity of the PIH (P =0.024). CONCLUSION: Retinal changes (grade I and II hypertensive retinopathy) were seen in 59% of patients with PIH and they were significantly associated with blood pressure, proteinuria and severity of the disease. Fundus examination helps in assessing the severity of PIH.

Increased Oxidative Stress in Women With Pregnancy-induced Hypertension

Objective To investigate whether pregnancy-induced hypertension （PIH） may increase oxidative stress in women with PIH, and to explore the mechanisms by which PIH may increase oxidative stress and potential free radical damage. Methods Seventy women with PIH and seventy women with uncomplicated normotensive pregnancy （UNP） whose age, nutritional conditions, levels of hemoglobin and albumin were all matched, were enrolled in a randomized controlled trial. Their plasma concentrations of nitric oxide （NO）, vitamin C （VC）, vitamin E （VE）, and β-carotene （β-CAR） as well as their erythrocyte malondialdehyde （MDA）, and activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and glutathione peroxidase （GPX） were determined by spcctrophotometry. Results Compared with average values of the above experimental parameters in the women with UNP, the average value of erythrocyte MDA in the women with PIH significantly increased （P〈0.0001）, while the average values of plasma NO, VC, VE, and β-CAR as well as those of erythrocyte SOD, CAT, and GPX in the women with PIH significantly decreased （P〈0.0005-0.0001）. The findings from partial correlation analysis （controlling for age） for 70 women with PIH showed that with elevated systolic blood pressure （SBP） and diastolic blood pressure （DBP）, MDA value gradually increased （P〈0.001）, and NO, VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, CAT, and GPX values gradually decreased （P〈0.02-0.001）. The findings from reliability analysis for NO, VC, VE, β-CAR, SOD, CAT, GPX, and MDA values used to reflect increased oxidative stress and potential free radical damage in women with PIH showed that the reliability coefficients （alpha, 8 items） = 0.7062, P〈 0.0001, and the standardized item alpha = 0.9116, P〈 0.0001. Conclusion The findings in the present research suggest that pregnancy-induced hypertension can increase oxidative stress and potential free radical damage in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension.

INVESTIGATION OF THROMBOMODULIN AND PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR TYPE-I IN PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Objective. To measure the circulating levels of thrombomodulin (TM) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type- I (PAI- I) in women with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH). Methods. Blood samples were drawn from 97 pregnant women in their third trimester, grouped as 25 mild PIH,26 moderate PIH,22 severe PIH and 24 normotensive healthy pregnant women for determining levels of TM by ELISA,PAI- I by colorimetric assay methods, and creatinine (Cr) in serum by biochemical method. Results. Circulating levels of TM, PAI- I and TM/Cr ratio increased with increasing severity of PIH. There were no significant differences between mild and normotensive pregnant women. The parameters were significantly changed in the moderate and severe PIH groups. Conclusion. TM and PAI- I may serve as meaningful clinical markers for the assessment of the endothelial damage in PIH, which is very important in evaluating and following the development of PIH.

Association of Urinary Strontium Levels with Pregnancy-induced Hypertension

Pregnancy-induced hypertension(PIH),including gestational hypertension and preeclampsia,accounts for the majority of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Strontium(Sr)has been recently associated with preeclampsia in a small group of women;however,the role of Sr in PIH is not fully understood and warrants further investigation.In this study,we examined the association between urinary Sr levels and PIH,and assessed the effect of maternal age on the association.Urinary Sr concentrations were measured in 5423 pregnant women before delivery by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS).Logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders was applied to explore the association between Sr and PIH,and to evaluate the Sr-PIH relationship stratified by maternal age.Among the participants,200(3.83%)women were diagnosed with PIH.Compared with non-PIH women,women who developed PIH had lower urinary Sr concentrations(131.26 us.174.98μg/L creatinine,P<0.01).With the natural log-transformed urinary creatinine-standardized Sr concentrations increasing,the risk of PIH decreased significantly[adjusted OR=0.60(95%CI:0.51,0.72)].Furthermore,the significant association of Sr with PIH was found among women under 35 years(P<0.01).Our finding suggested that Sr may play a potential protective role in the pathogenesis of PIH,especially among young pregnant women under 35 years old.

Establishment of a model for pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome resulting from cold-stress in rats

Objective: To establish a model for pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome in rats. Methods: Adult female Wistar rats were randomized into non-pregnant control (NN), non-pregnant cold-stress control (NC), pregnant control (PN) and pregnant cold-stress (PC) groups. The rats of NN and PN groups were put under 25 ℃ and those of NC and PC groups under (4±2)℃ for 4 h every morning respectively in the whole experimental period. The blood pressure, urine protein, body weight, haematocrit, weight of the placenta and weight and length of the fetus were recorded and the histological changes of the placenta and the kidneys were also studied. Results: The blood pressure and urine protein of the rats of the NC and PC groups after 2 weeks of cold-stress were more significantly increased than the rats of the NN and PN groups. In addition, the weight of the placenta and the weight and length of the fetus were more significantly lower in the former than the latter. Obvious changes of anoxia and ischemia were observed in the tissues of the kidneys and every layer of the placenta. Conclusion: Our findings of hypertension syndrome induced with repeated cold-stress in pregnant rats can be applied to illustrate the pathogenesis of pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome in human beings.

Expression of TGF-β1 in Placenta of the Patients with Pregnancy-induced Hypertension and Its relationship with Serum VCAM-1

The expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in placental tissue of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and the relationship between the level of expression of TGF-β1 and the amount of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in serum was studied. Immunohistochemistry ABC was used to detect the expression and distribution of TGF-β1 in placental tissues in 40 PIH women and 20 normal pregnancy women. High resolution pathological image analysis system was used to determine the quality of TGF-β1. The VCAM-1 in serum was examined by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that TGF-β1 could be express in syncytiotrophoblast. The levels of TGF-β1 expression in placental tissues of the patients with moderate and severe PIH were significantly higher (P<0.05), while the serum VCAM-1 was significantly lower than in normal group (P<0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between the expression of TGF-β1 in placental tissues and the serum VCAM-1 (r=0.969, P<0.01). It was concluded that the level of TGF-β1 expression in PIH was increased and was positively correlated with the amount of serum VCAM-1, indicating that they might be involved in the pathogenesis of PIH.

Prognostic Materno-Fetal Types of Arterille Hypertension during Pregnancy at the Maternity of Donka, National Hospital Donka, Chu of Conakry, Guinea

Objectives: The objectives of this work were to calculate the frequency of arterial hypertension during pregnancy, describe the epidemiological profile, and identify the most common type of hypertension and establish the maternal and fetal prognosis. Methodology: This was a six-month descriptive prospective study performed in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of Donka National Hospital, CHU, Conakry. The study took place from July 1st to December 31st, 2015. Results: The frequency of arterial hypertension during pregnancy was 8.82% in the service. The epidemiological profile was that of a teenager (32.8%), nulliparous (56%), coming from home (69.2%), not having performed CPN (52%), no schooling (68%) and housewives. The primary factor was the risk factor (52.4%). Gestational age greater than 37 was the most concerned (62%). The reasons for consultation are dominated by headache (76%) and vertigo (68%). The main type of hypertension was pre-eclampsia (48%) followed by Transient HTA (28%). The predominant clinical form at admission was pre-eclampsia (47.2%) followed by eclampsia (23%). Eclampsia was the major complication (48%), with 6 deaths, or 2.4%. At the first minute, 35.68% of newborns had an APGAR score of less than 7 and 25.5% had a score of less than 7. Fetal morbidity was dominated by fetal hypotrophy (30.19%) followed by prematurity (23.92%). We recorded 30 cases of MFIU and 7 cases of neonatal death out of 255 births, i.e. 14.50%. Conclusion: The detection of risk factors by a good prenatal follow-up and the regular training of the care providers for an adequate and multidisciplinary care (obstetrician, intensive care nephrologist and pediatrician) of hypertensive pregnant women and their newborns can improve the maternal and fetal prognosis.

Effect of Prepared Rhubarb on Insulin Resistance in Patients With Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Objective: To investigate the effect of prepared rhubarb on insulin resistance in patients with pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and its mechanism. Methods: All the 92 patients accepted 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and insulin release test before and after treatment. These patients were divided into two groups (treated group and control group). Prepared rhubarb and nifedipine were given to the treated group, while nifedipine was given to the control group alone. Circulating endothelial cell (CEC), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured and glucose area under curve (GAUC), insulin area under curve (IAUC), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated. And 30 normal pregnant women were selected as the healthy group. Results: CEC, TNF-a, IL-6, GAUC and IAUC of PIH patients were significantly higher than those of the normal healthy group; while ISI of PIH patients was significantly lower than that of the healthy group. ISI was significantly negatively correlated to CEC, TNF-a and IL-6. After treatment, CEC, TNF-α, IL-6, GAUC decreased and ISI increased significantly in the treated group; while in the control group, all above-mentioned parameters showed no change. Conclusion: Prepared rhubarb can improve insulin resistance of PIH by reducing vascular endothelial cell's damage.

Study of the Prevalence of Hypertension and Complications of Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the common problems associated with pregnancy that may be followed by eclampsia, acute renal failure, maternal death, premature delivery, intra-uterine growth restriction and other. This study was conducted to determine the results of pregnancies associated with hypertension in patients visiting in the Delivery Ward of Valiasr Hospital. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on all the patients admitted to the aforementioned department and who possessed the inclusion criteria for hypertensive pregnancy. Results: Among the 1694 delivery cases examined, 173 cases had hypertension (9.8%). Among these, 75 (45%) had gesta-tional hypertension;24 (14.8%) had preeclampsia-eclampsia;30 (18%) had preeclampsia su-perimposed on chronic hypertension;21 (13.5%) cases had chronic hypertension;and 13 (8%) had pregnancy-aggravated chronic hypertension. Ninety-six point three percent (96.3%) had a systolic blood pressure (BP) of 140 - 190 mmHg, and 3.7% had a systolic BP greater than 190 mmHg. Whereas 61.1% of diastolic blood pressure 90 - 110 mmHg and 38.9% of the mothers had diastolic BP greater than 110 mmHg. The HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes & Low Platelet count) syndrome was present in 4.9% of cases;52.6% experienced premature delivery;7.4% had IUFD (intra uterine fetal death);9.9% had IUGR (intrauterine growth retardation);and 17.3% had LBW babies. Conclusions: Based on our results, hypertensive mothers who are younger and have lower weight babies at birth experience more perinatal complications. The unpleasant effects of hypertension in pregnancy warrant the need for training, routine prenatal care, the early detection and treatment of hypertension at younger ages of pregnancy, and follow-up after delivery.