The Association Between Daily Physical Activity and Risk of Hypertension in Middle-Aged and Older Adults:A Nationwide Cohort Study in China

Physical activity (PA) plays a key role in the treatment of hypertension, and moderate to vigorous PA has been documented to lower the risk of developing hypertension. However, dose-response relationships between PA and hypertension are not consistent, and little is known about this relationship within the Chinese middle-aged and older people. We investigated the relationship between PA and hypertension within this population using China Health and Nutrition Survey 1991-2015 data. Physical activity was expressed in terms of the metabolic equivalent task (MET) and participants were divided into groups according to quartiles, namely, Q1 (< 32.97 METs-h/w), Q2 (32.97-60.38 METs-h/ w), Q3 (60.38-98.95 METs-h/w), and Q4 (> 98.95 METs-h/w). Compared with the Q1 group, the odds ratio of risk with hypertension (95% CIs) after adjusting for confounding factors were 0.63 (0.35, 1.12), 0.49 (0.28, 0.86), and 0.62 (0.35, 1.09) for those in Q2, Q3, and Q4, respectively. Restricted cubic spline functions were used and a U-shaped relationship between physical activity and hypertension risk was found, indicative of an optimal level of physical activity, which was found to be 112 METs-h/w. Our data suggest maintenance of optimal levels of total daily physical activity may be important for preventing hypertension in Chinese adults over the age of 40.

Causal associations between gastroesophageal reflux disease and essential hypertension: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

BACKGROUND Clinical studies have reported that patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)have a higher prevalence of hypertension.AIM To performed a bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis to investi-gate the causal link between GERD and essential hypertension.METHODS Eligible single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)were selected,and weighted median,inverse variance weighted(IVW)as well as MR egger(MR-Egger)re-gression were used to examine the potential causal association between GERD and hypertension.The MR-Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier analysis was used to detect and attempt to reduce horizontal pleiotropy by removing outliers SNPs.The MR-Egger intercept test,Cochran’s Q test and“leave-one-out”sen-sitivity analysis were performed to evaluate the horizontal pleiotropy,heterogen-eities,and stability of single instrumental variable.RESULTS IVW analysis exhibited an increased risk of hypertension(OR=1.46,95%CI:1.33-1.59,P=2.14E-16)in GERD patients.And the same result was obtained in replication practice(OR=1.002,95%CI:1.0008-1.003,P=0.000498).Meanwhile,the IVW analysis showed an increased risk of systolic blood pressure(β=0.78,95%CI:0.11-1.44,P=0.021)and hypertensive heart disease(OR=1.68,95%CI:1.36-2.08,P=0.0000016)in GERD patients.Moreover,we found an decreased risk of Barrett's esophagus(OR=0.91,95%CI:0.83-0.99,P=0.043)in essential hypertension patients.CONCLUSION We found that GERD would increase the risk of essential hypertension,which provided a novel prevent and therapeutic perspectives of essential hypertension.

Recent advances in promising drugs for primary prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding with cirrhotic portal hypertension

Background:Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is one of the most severe complications of patients with cirrhosis.Although primary prevention drugs,including non-selectiveβ-blockers,have effectively reduced the incidence of bleeding,their efficacy is limited due to side effects and related contraindications.With recent advances in precision medicine,precise drug treatment provides better treatment efficacy.Data sources:Literature search was conducted in PubMed,MEDLINE and Web of Science for relevant articles published up to May 2022.Information on clinical trials was obtained from https://clinicaltrials.gov/and http://www.chictr.org.cn/.Results:The in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis and advances of portal hypertension has enabled the discovery of multiple molecular targets for promising drugs.According to the site of action,these drugs could be classified into four classes:intrahepatic,extrahepatic,both intrahepatic and extrahepatic targets and others.All these classes of drugs offer advantages over traditional treatments in prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.Conclusions:This review classified and summarized the promising drugs,which prevent gastroesophageal variceal bleeding by targeting specific markers of pathogenesis of portal hypertension,demonstrating the significance of using the precision medicine strategy to discover and develop promising drugs for the primary prevention of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension.

Dry eye rate and its relationship with disease stage in patients with primary hypertension:a cross-sectional study in Vietnam

AIM:To determine the dry eye(DE)rate and its relationship with disease stage in patients with primary hypertension.METHODS:A cross-sectional study included 432 patients with primary hypertension(with an equal number of patients in each group:144 in stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ hypertension)and 144 healthy subjects as a control group.The Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)and Schirmer Ⅰ test without anesthetics were conducted on all 576 subjects.Subjects with OSDI scores<13 and Schirmer Ⅰ values equal to or under 10 mm were diagnosed with DE.RESULTS:The ratio of DE in hypertension patients was higher than in the control group(41.7%versus 18.8%;P<0.001).The proportion of patients with DE increased gradually according to the hypertension stage:27.1% in stage Ⅰ,40.3% in stage Ⅱ,and 57.6% in stage Ⅲ,P<0.001.Age,duration of hypertension,plasma urea,creatinine,and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(CRP-hs)levels in hypertension patients with DE were higher than those without DE,P<0.001.Advanced age,a long duration of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,elevated plasma creatinine,and CRP-hs levels were independent factors associated with DE in primary hypertension patients,P<0.001.CONCLUSION:DE is a common disorder associated with advanced age,a long duration of hypertension,diabetes mellitus,elevated plasma CRP-hs,and creatinine levels in patients with primary hypertension.

2023 Guideline for the management of hypertension in the elderly population in China

Preamble Hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases and the primary risk factor for stroke,myocardial infarction and even cardiovascular death.More than half of the elderly population has high blood pressure.Elderly people are a unique group,and strategies for the prevention,diagnosis,evaluation,and treatment of hypertension in elderly individuals differ significantly from those in the general population.

Variations, effectiveness and its associated factors of a nationwide web-based hypertension management training project in China: insights from a government-led campaign for 1.2 million lay health workers

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness of a large-scale,web-based,in-service hypertension management training project among lay health workers(LHWs) at primary care health(PHC) settings in China,and to examine the factors contributing to the variations of effectiveness.METHODS We used data from a web-based national hypertension management training project implemented in 2018,it was designed to facilitate LHWs to learn,understand,and apply the relevant knowledge and skills in hypertension management through providing training courses by use of the web-based platform with unified standards.All LHWs were required to participate in the exams before and after training to acquire scores for the use of evaluating their performance of hypertension management knowledge.We first used descriptive analysis to present the variations of effectiveness in hypertension management knowledge among LHWs by important subgroups.Afterwards,we used multilevel logistic regression to examine the individual and regional factors contributing to the variations and quantify the magnitude of how these factors affected training effectiveness.RESULTS There were 1,208,610 LHWs who completed training and were certificated.Nationally,the scores of LHWs increased significantly from 62.87 ± 21.14 out of 100 in the pre-test to 88.30 ± 11.31 in the post-test by 25.43(95% confidence interval[CI]:25.40-25.47).Training contents involved in antihypertensive medication showed the lowest score(54.36) in the pre-test and soared the most after training,up to 84.22 by 54.94%.Individual factors associated with disparities in the knowledge of hypertension management decreased substantially after training,which included sex,age,education,practice type,professional level,and hierarchy of working institutions.Geographical variations were shown at the provincial level,with the majority of them being explained by factors at the regional level.CONCLUSIONS Accessible web-based training modality,government efforts,accompanied with experiences derived from the training,could be generalized to other low-and middle-income countries in facilitating the hypertension management capacity of LHWs.Localization and evaluation is warranted on the way to its further application.

Investigating causal links between gastroesophageal reflux disease and essential hypertension

Gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)is a prevalent global health concern with a rising incidence.Various risk factors,including obesity,hiatal hernia,and smo-king,contribute to its development.Recent research suggests associations bet-ween GERD and metabolic syndrome,cardiac diseases,and hypertension(HTN).Mechanisms linking GERD to HTN involve autonomic dysfunction,inflammatory states,and endothelial dysfunction.Furthermore,GERD medications such as pro-ton-pump inhibitors may impact blood pressure regulation.Conversely,antihy-pertensive medications like beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers can exacerbate GERD symptoms.While bidirectional causality exists between GERD and HTN,longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate the precise relationship.Treatment of GERD,including anti-reflux surgery,may positively influence HTN control.However,the interplay of lifestyle factors,comorbidities,and medications necessitates further investigation to comprehensively understand this relation-ship.In this editorial,we comment on the article published by Wei et al in the recent issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.We evaluate their claims on the causal association between GERD and HTN.

Safety and efficacy of modified endoscopic ultrasound-guided selective N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate injections for gastric variceal hemorrhage in left-sided portal hypertension

BACKGROUND Gastric variceal hemorrhage is one of the primary manifestations of left-sided portal hypertension(LSPH).The hemorrhage is fatal and requires safe and effective interventions.AIM To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of modified endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)-guided selective N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate(NBC)injections for gastric variceal hemorrhage in LSPH.METHODS A retrospective observational study of patients with LSPH-induced gastric variceal hemorrhage was conducted.Preoperative EUS evaluations were performed.Enrolled patients were divided into modified and conventional groups according to the NBC injection technique.The final selection of NBC injection technique depended on the patients’preferences and clinical status.The technical and clinical success rates,operation time,NBC doses,perioperative complications,postoperative hospital stay,and recurrent bleeding rates were analyzed,respectively.RESULTS A total of 27 patients were enrolled.No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups regarding baseline characteristics.In comparison to patients in the conventional group,patients in the modified group demonstrated significantly reduced NBC doses(2.0±0.6 mL vs 3.1±1.0 mL;P=0.004)and increased endoscopic operation time(71.9±11.9 min vs 22.5±6.7 min;P<0.001).Meanwhile,the two groups had no significant difference in the technical and clinical success rates,perioperative complications,postoperative hospital stay,and recurrent bleeding rates.CONCLUSION Modified EUS-guided selective NBC injections demonstrated safety and efficacy for LSPH-induced gastric variceal hemorrhage,with advantages of reduced injection dose and no radiation risk.Drawbacks were time consumption and technical challenge.

Assessing the relationship between health literacy intervention and hypertension self-management:A 7-year systematic review from January 2016 to December 2022

Hypertension(HTN)is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting over 30%of the adult population globally,with a growing incidence rate.This review assesses the relationship between health literacy(HL)intervention and hypertension(HTN)self-management among people with HTN.The study design was a systematic review of empirical research articles using a well-defined strategy.Online journals were accessed through databases such as PubMed,CINAHL,Google Scholar,ProQuest,Global Health,WHOLIS,Embase,and EbscoHost,spanning from January 2016 to December 2022 as the scope of the study.Articles selected for inclusion were those published in English during the specified time frame and adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and Sample,Phenomenon of Interest,Design,Evaluation,Research Type framework for systematic review,focusing on criteria related to the sample,the phenomenon of interest,study design,evaluation,and research type.Out of 180 studies initially identified in the database search,20 studies were ultimately included in the review.The findings were reported based on these five emerging themes:Relationship between HL and HTN self-management;Effect of HL intervention on HTN self-management;Factors predicting self-care behaviors among HTN patients with low HL;Effect of HL and self-management efficacy on health-related quality of life(HRQoL);and level of self-care practices.This review highlights a relationship between HL,self-efficacy,self-care,and HRQoL,underscoring the necessity for further well-designed intervention studies focused on enhancing HL in individuals with HTN in Nigeria to enhance their quality of life.

Hypertension Screening and Follow-up Management by Primary Health Care System among Chinese Population Aged 35 Years and Above

Objective To describe hypertension screening and follow-up management among Chinese population aged 35 years and above within the primary health care system. Methods Data from 2010 China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance System were used. We investigated previous hypertension diagnosis, screening, and follow-up assessments within the primary health care system. The prevalence of self-reported and criterion-based hypertension, screening rates, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics associated with screening, and patterns of follow-up assessments were recorded. The SAS software system was used for statistical analyses. Results About 17.1% reported a previous hypertension diagnosis. The rate difference between the two measures of prevalence was 27.2%. Among those without self-reported hypertension, 27.7% reported never visiting a clinic during the past I year and 60.4% of those attending a clinic reported ever being screened. Younger age group was associated with lower screening proportion; odds ratios of 35-, 45-, 55-, and 〉65 years were 1.7 （95% CI： 1.5-1.9）, 1.5 （95% CI： 1.3-1.7）, 1.3 （95% CI： 1.2-1.4）, and 1.0, respectively. About 35.1% of the patients had undergone follow-up assessments four or more times during the past I year. Conclusion Majority of the Chinese population aged 35 years and above, particularly the less educated, elderly population, and rural residents were unaware of that they were suffering from hypertension. Most patients did not receive enough management services by the primary health care system. Thus, strengthening both the screening and follow-up management is needed.

Treatment and Clinical Management of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension:An Update of Literature Review

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension(CTEPH)is a chronic,progressive,debilitating,and life-threa-tening complication of pulmonary embolism(PE).Recent technological advances have permitted various treat-ment options for the treatment of CTEPH,including surgery,angioplasty,and medical treatment,depending on the location and characteristics of lesions.Pulmonary endarterectomy(PEA)is the treatment of choice for CTEPH,as it offers excellent long-term outcomes and a high probability of recovery.Moreover,various medical and interventional therapies are currently being developed for patients with inoperable CTEPH.This review mainly summarizes the current treatment approaches of CTEPH,offering more options for specialist physicians to,thus,better manage chronic thromboembolic syndromes.

Application Effect of WeChat Platform Continuity of Care Model Based on KAP Theory on Self-Management of Stroke Patients with Hypertension

Objective: To explore the impact of the WeChat platform continuity of care model based on the KAP (knowledge, attitudes, and practices) theory on the self-management of stroke patients with hypertension after discharge from the hospital. Methods: 62 stroke patients with hypertension discharged from the rehabilitation department of a tertiary A hospital in Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, from October 2022 to April 2023 were sampled by convenience sampling method. Patients discharged from Rehabilitation I were included in the control group, and conventional nursing care was used;while patients discharged from Rehabilitation II were included in the observation group, and WeChat platform continuity of nursing care model based on the KAP theory was implemented. The intervention effect of the two groups was compared. Results: After 4 and 12 weeks of intervention, the diastolic and systolic blood pressure of the patients in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05);after 12 weeks of intervention, the rate of medication adherence and the score of adherence to hypertension treatment in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The application of the WeChat platform continuity of care model based on KAP theory to stroke patients with hypertension can improve blood pressure, medication adherence rate, hypertension treatment adherence, and overall enhance the self-management level of these patients.

Exploring the Effects of Health Education and Chronic Disease Management Nursing in the Management of Hypertension in Elderly Patients in the Community

Objective:To explore the effects of health education and chronic disease management nursing in elderly community patients with hypertension,in order to provide scientific evidence for improving the health management level of these patients.Methods:Sixty-four elderly hypertension patients treated at this hospital between March 2022 and March 2024 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 32 patients in each group.One group received conventional management,designated as the control group,while the other group received a combined management strategy involving health education and chronic disease management,designated as the experimental group.The study compared the management outcomes of the two groups to evaluate the value of the combined management approach in elderly hypertensive patients in the community.Results:The study found that the experimental group showed significantly lower systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(DBP),and scores on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS)compared to the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Additionally,the experimental group demonstrated significantly higher scores in disease cognition levels regarding awareness of normal blood pressure ranges,prevention of complications,identification of high-risk factors,and healthy lifestyle practices,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Moreover,the experimental group showed significantly better rates of self-management behaviors,such as quitting smoking and alcohol,self-monitoring of blood pressure,dietary control,regular medication adherence,and consistent exercise,compared to the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion:This study indicates that a combined management model integrating health education and chronic disease management effectively improves the emotional state of elderly hypertensive patients in the community,significantly enhances their disease cognition levels,and boosts their self-management abilities.Furthermore,this model can effectively lower patients’blood pressure,thereby achieving better health management outcomes for elderly hypertensive patients in the community.

Conceptual Analysis of Self-Management in Patients with Hypertension

Objective:To clarify the concept of self-management in hypertensive patients by analyzing the definition,attributes,and measurement tools through a literature review.Methods:An Internet-based search of the databases was conducted using Academic Search Complete,Medical Line,CINAHL,Health Source:Nursing/Scholarly Edition,and Google Scholar.In the search process,keywords or free text were combined by using Boolean operators,with the search terms“self of management”or“self-management,”“concept*analysis”or“concept*definition,”and Walker and Avant’s concept analysis method was used.Results:Analysis of relevant literature summarized the conceptual attributes of self-management in hypertensive patients as the active participation of patients in the treatment process;the presence of interaction provided by patients and health care providers;the use of certain health management tools;and the aim of maintaining and improving the health status and living capacity of hypertensive patients.Conclusion:The concept of self-management for hypertensive patients was clarified,which helps to promote the application of hypertensive self-management in clinical work and improve outcomes and quality of life for patients with hypertension.

Effect of acupressure on sleep quality of middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension

Purpose:To evaluate the effect of acupressure on blood pressure and sleep quality in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension.Methods:A total of 75 elderly hypertensive patients with sleep disorders were randomly divided into either an experimental group(n=38)or a control group(n=37).All subjects received conventional treatment and health guidance.The experimental group also received acupressure treatment.The score of PSQI(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index)and blood pressure were measured and recorded before and after the treatment.Results:After the intervention,the systolic(SBP)and diastolic blood pressure of the experimental group decreased significantly(p<0.01).There was a significant difference in SBP between the groups(p<0.01).After four weeks of intervention,the total PSQI score in the experimental group was significantly lower compared to the control group(p<0.01).Conclusion:Acupressure can lower SBP and effectively improve the sleep quality in middleaged and elderly patients with hypertension.

Clinical characteristics, target organ damage and associate risk factors ofresistant hypertension determined by ambulatory blood pressure monitoringin patients aged ≥80 years

Objectives To investigate clinical characteristics, target organ damage, and the associated risk factors of the patients aged ≥ 80 yearswith true resistant hypertension （RH）. Methods Patients aged ≥ 80 years with hypertension （n = 1163） were included in this study. Theincluded participants attended a structured clinical examination and an evaluation of RH was carried out. The prevalence, clinical characteristicsand target organ damage of patients with RH were assessed. The associated clinical risk factors were analyzed by using logistic regression.Results The prevalence of RH diagnosis by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring assessment was 21.15%. End-diastolic left ven-tricular internal dimension, left ventricular mass index as well as prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy were significantly greater in pa-tients with RH than in control group. The common carotid artery intimal media thickness, carotid walls thickness, common carotid arterydiameter and relative wall thickness were significant greater in RH group than in control. A relatively higher level of creatinine, estimatedglomerular filtration rate, microalbuminuria and retinal changes was found in RIt group than in control. A multivariate analysis showed thatpatients with a history of diabetes, higher body mass index （BMI） and lipid profiles were independent risk factors of RH. Conclusions Theprevalence of RH in patients aged ≥ 80 years was within the range of reported rates of the general population. Subjects with RH diagnosisshowed a higher occurrence of target organ damage than patients with well controlled blood pressure. Patients with diabetes, higher BMI andserum lipid profiles were independent risk factors for RH in patients aged ≥ 80 years.

Effect of Depression on Hypertension among Turkish Individuals Aged 30 and over Years

Background: It is well known that depression is effective upon the occurrence of hypertension. The aim was to determine the prevalence of depression in the population aged 30 years old and over, and its impact on hypertension. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted on people aged 30 years and over between Sep., 1st and Oct., 30th 2009 in a region of western Turkey, Eskisehir. The questionnaire included the information about the subjects’ sociodemographic characteristics and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) used to determine those who were at the risk of depression. The data were analyzed using Student’s t test, Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis. A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to the Logistic analysis, older age (OR = 16.050), adding extra salt to meals (OR = 2.079), obesity (OR = 2.170) and family history of hypertension (OR = 2.139) were the important risk factors for hypertension (p < 0.05 for each one). It was determined that there was a positive connection between the scores received from the BDI and systolic and diastolic BP values [(rs = 0.151;p < 0.001) and (rs = 0.146;p < 0.001)], respectively. Conclusion: According to the above results, we may conclude that depression is effective upon the occurrence of hypertension.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hypertension among Anti-Retroviral Therapy Patients Aged 15 Years and above in Makonde District, Zimbabwe, 2012: An Analytic Cross Sectional Study

Background: Anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has reduced morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected individuals over the last years. The increase in survival of HIV patients has contributed to the emergence of other chronic conditions in these individuals, such as hypertension, renal, and cardiovascular disease. Hypertension and HIV infection are both mostly asymptomatic but can lead to fatal and disabling illness. Hypertension among HIV-infected individuals, although not completely elucidated, may be explained by the aging of population, the effect of HIV on vascular tone anti-retroviral therapy and traditional risk factors such as weight gain, smoking, dyslipidemia, and drug abuse. The factors associated with hypertension among ART patients in a predominantly rural setting were studied in this paper. Methods: We conducted an analytical cross sectional study at 13 health facilities in Makonde District a rural district in Mashonaland West Province of Zimbabwe where we systematically selected 393 of 400 ART patients aged 15 years and above. Structured interviewer administered questionnaires were used to collect data on demographic characteristics. Written and informed consent was sought and obtained from all study participants. We obtained parental consent followed by assent from participants younger than 16 years. All enrolled patients had physical measurements done. Chi square test and stratified & logistic regression analysis were done using Epi info version 3.5.1. All calculations were done at 95% confidence interval. Results: Results from 393 participants were analysed. The prevalence and awareness of hypertension were 34.9% and 30% respectively. Only 9.6% were taking medication. Independent risk factors were duration of ART > 2 years (POR 2.23;95%CI: 1.08;4.61), waist to hip ratio (women) > 0.85 (POR 3.45;95%CI: 1.60;5.88), B.M.I > 25 (POR 2.18;95%CI: 1.40;3.8). Protective factors were: Symptomatic HIV disease (POR 0.36;95%CI: 0.14;0.97) and being informally employed (POR 0.67;95%CI: 0.43;0.96). General risk factors were smoking (POR 5.06;95%CI: 2.20;11.60), sedentary recreation (POR 3.16;95%CI: 1.69;5.85) and high salt intake (POR 2.67;95%CI: 1.56;4.59). Conclusions: Hypertension is common among ART clients although it is not routinely screened for in ART care settings in Makonde. Common modifiable risk factors are contributing to the burden of hypertension in Makonde District. Health service providers should routinely screen for hypertension and promote healthy lifestyles among ART clients in Makonde.

Influence of age on prevalence rates of chronic complications of hospitalized aged patients with hypertension -- analysis of 17,682 cases

Objective To understand the relationship between age and chronic complications in hospitalized aged patients with hypertension, to provide evidence for hypertension prevention and control. Methods To retrospectively analyze the clinical and laboratory data on 17,682 patients with essential hypertension during Jan 1 s,, 1993-Dec 12th, 2008 in PLA general hospital. Results 1） Among all of the inrolled cases, those aged 60-64 account for 27.87%, 65-69 years group account for 26.55%, 70-74 years group accounted for 23.96%, 75-79 years group accounted for 14.14%, 80-84 years group accounted for 5.26%, 85-89 years group accounted for 1.69%, 〉 90 years accounted for 0.41%. 2） The prevalence rate of chronic complications in 60-69 years group were 31.3-31.2% for diabetes and,22.6-27.0% for cerebrovascular disease, 9.5-11.1% for myocardial infarction, 6.7-9.1% for heart failure, 5.8-6.0% for renal dysfanction 4.9-6.8% for atrial fibrillation, 0.1-0.3% for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome （MODS） in the elderly（P 〈0.05 ）. 3） The first four complications of hypertension were diabetes（33.5%）, cerebrovascular disease （31.9%）, myocardial infarction（13.2%） and heart failure（12.3%） in 70-74 years group （P〈0.05）, cerebrovascular disease （42.8%）, diabetes （32.8%）, heart failure （16.5%） and myocardial infarction（15.9%） in 75-79 years group （P〈0.05）, cerebrovascular disease （45.4%）, diabetes （35.0%）, heart failure （21.1%） and myocardial infarction（l 5.9%） in 80-84 years group （P〈0.05）, cerebrovascular disease（42.5%）, diabetes （35.8%）, heart failure （23.1%） and renal dysfanction （17.7%） in 85-89 years group（P〈0.05 ）,and cerebrovascular disease （45. 2%）, heart failure（31.5%） , diabetes （26.0%） and renal dysfanction （20.5%） in patients more than 90 years group （P〈0.05）. Conclusions The prevalence rate and kinds of chronic complications in hospitalized aged patients with hypertension were changed with the increasing age, and the first kind of complication is cerebrovascular disease. It is of more importance to prevent the occurrence of renal dysfanction and heart failure in those hypertension patients who were more than 80 years old.

The prevalence of hypertension overweight/obesity and its relation with cardiovascular disease among middle-aged Chinese population

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension overweight/obesity and the combined effect on the incidence of cardiovascular disease(CVD).Methods The study population(aged from 35 to 64)were selected from 9 regions of China by cluster sampling method.The baseline was conducted in 2010,and the follow-up survey was done in 2017.Participants with 24≤BMI28 kg/m^2 was defined as overweight,BMI≥28 kg/m^2 was defined as obesity.