Prognostic value of intracranial pressure monitoring for the management of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage following minimally invasive surgery

BACKGROUND:The incidence of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH)has been increasing during the recent years in low-and middle-income countries.With high mortality and morbidity rates,it brings huge burden to the families.It lacks evidence regarding the application of intracranial pressure(ICP)monitoring in HICH.In the current study,the authors aimed to evaluate whether ICP monitoring could make any difference on the prognosis of HICH patients after minimally invasive surgery.METHODS:A retrospective review of 116 HICH patients admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine,between 2014 and 2016,was performed.The effects of ICP monitoring on 6-month mortality and favorable outcomes were evaluated by univariate and logistic regression analysis.RESULTS:ICP monitors were inserted into 50 patients.Patients with ICP monitoring had a significantly better outcome(P<0.05).The average in-hospital duration in patients with ICP monitoring was shorter than that in the patients without ICP monitoring(16.68 days vs.20.47 days,P<0.05).Mortality rates between ICP monitoring and no ICP monitoring did not differ significantly(16.0%vs.15.1%,P=0.901).On univariate analysis,age,Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)on admission and presence of ICP monitor were independent predictors of 6-month favorable outcomes.CONCLUSION:ICP monitoring is associated with a better 6-month functional outcome compared with no ICP monitoring.Future study is still needed to confirm our results and elucidate which subgroup of HICH patients will benefit most from the minimally invasive surgical intervention and ICP monitoring.

Relationship between different surgical methods,hemorrhage position,hemorrhage volume,surgical timing,and treatment outcome of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND:The present study aimed to explore the relationship between surgical methods,hemorrhage position,hemorrhage volume,surgical timing and treatment outcome of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(HICH).METHODS:A total of 1 310 patients,who had been admitted to six hospitals from January 2004 to January 2008,were divided into six groups according to different surgical methods:craniotomy through bone fl ap(group A),craniotomy through a small bone window(group B),stereotactic drilling drainage(group C1 and group C2),neuron-endoscopy operation(group D) and external ventricular drainage(group E) in consideration of hemorrhage position,hemorrhage volume and clinical practice. A retrospective analysis was made of surgical timing and curative effect of the surgical methods.RESULTS:The effectiveness rate of the methods was 74.12% for 1 310 patients after onemonth follow-up. In this series,the disability rate was 44.82% 3–6 months after the operation. Among the 1 310 patients,241(18.40%) patients died after the operation. If hematoma volume was >80 mL and the operation was performed within 3 hours,the mortality rate of group A was signifi cantly lower than that of groups B,C,D,and E(P<0.05). If hematoma volume was 50–80 mL and the operation was performed within 6–12 hours,the mortality rate of groups B and D was lower than that of groups A,C and E(P<0.05). If hematoma volume was 20–50 mL and the operation was performed within 6–24 hours,the mortality rate of group C was lower than that of groups A,B and D(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:Craniotomy through a bone f lap is suitable for patients with a large hematoma and hernia of the brain. Stereotactic drilling drainage is suggested for patients with hematoma volume less than 80 mL. The curative effect of HICH individualized treatment would be improved via the suitable selection of operation time and surgical method according to the position and volume of hemorrhage.

Changes of TXA_2 and PGI_2 during Postoperative Hypertensive Crisis in Patients with Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage

In order to explore the changes and the roles of TXA2 and PGI2 during postoperative hypertensive crisis in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, 31 cases subject to craniotomy were divided into three groups： group A, 9 patients with postoperative hypertensive crisis; group B, 13 patients without postoperative hypertensive crisis; and group C, 9 patients without history of hypertension and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. TXA2, TXB2, 6-keto-PGF1α and PGI2 were measured after operation in the three groups respectively. The postoperative blood pressure in group A, including SBP and DBP, was elevated more obviously than that in the other two groups. TXA2 and PGI2 in group A were significantly higher than those in other two groups （P〈0.01）. Moreover, the ratio of TXB2 to 6-keto-PGF1α in group A was significantly higher than that in other two groups （P〈0.05）. The increase of TXA2 and the relative inadequacy of prostacyclin, especially 6-keto-PGF1α, may play roles in the postoperative hypertensive crisis. And the increased value of TXB2 to 6-keto-PGF1α could provide the basis for diagnosis of postoperative hypertensive crisis.

Study of clinical features of amyloid angiopathy hemorrhage and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

Objective: The purpose of this study was to differentiate between cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and hypertension (HTN) based on hemorrhage pattern interpretation. Methods: From June 1994 to Oct., 2000, 83 patients admitted to our service with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) were investigated retrospectively; 41 patients with his-tologically proven diagnosis of cerebral amyloid angiography and 42 patients with clear history of hypertension were investigated. Results: Patients with a CAA-related ICH were significantly older than patients with a HTN-related ICH (74.0 years vs 66.5 years, P<0.05). There was a significantly higher number of hematomas> ml in CAA (85.3%) when compared with HTN (59.5%). No basal ganglional hemorrhage was seen in CAA, but in 40.5% in HTN. In CAA-related ICH, su-barachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was seen in 26 patients (63.4%) compared to only 11 patients (26.2%) in HTN-related ICH. Intraventricular hemorrhage was seen in 24.4% in CAA, and in 26.2% in HTN. Typical features of CAA-related ICH included lobar distribution affecting mainly the lobar superficial areas, lobulated appearance, rupture into the subarachnoid space, and secondary IVH from the lobar hemorrhage. More specifically, multiplicity of hemorrhage, bilaterality, and repeated episodes also strongly suggest the diagnosis of CAA. Multiple hemorrhages, defined as 2 or more separate he-matomas in multiple lobes, accounted for 17.1% in CAA-related ICH. Conclusion: There are certain features in CAA on CT and MRI and in clinical settings. To some extent, these features may contribute to distinguishing CAA from HTN related ICH.

L4-to-L4 nerve root transfer for hindlimb hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

There is no effective treatment for hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Considering that the branches of L4 nerve roots in the lumbar plexus root control the movement of the lower extremity anterior and posterior muscles,we investigated a potential method of nerve repair using the L4 nerve roots.Rat models of hindlimb hemiplegia after a hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were established by injecting autogenous blood into the posterior limb of internal capsule.The L4 nerve root on the healthy side of model rats was transferred and then anastomosed with the L4 nerve root on the affected side to drive the extensor and flexor muscles of the hindlimbs.We investigated whether this method can restore the flexible movement of the hindlimbs of paralyzed rats after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.In a beam-walking test and ladder rung walking task,model rats exhibited an initial high number of slips,but improved in accuracy on the paretic side over time.At 17 weeks after surgery,rats gained approximately 58.2%accuracy from baseline performance and performed ankle motions on the paretic side.At 9 weeks after surgery,a retrograde tracing test showed a large number of fluoro-gold-labeled motoneurons in the left anterior horn of the spinal cord that supports the L4-to-L4 nerve roots.In addition,histological and ultramicrostructural findings showed axon regeneration of motoneurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord.Electromyography and paw print analysis showed that denervated hindlimb muscles regained reliable innervation and walking coordination improved.These findings suggest that the L4-to-L4 nerve root transfer method for the treatment of hindlimb hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage can improve the locomotion of hindlimb major joints,particularly of the distal ankle.Findings from study support that the L4-to-L4 nerve root transfer method can effectively repair the hindlimb hemiplegia after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University(No.IACUC-1906009)in June 2019.

The Correlation between Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage and Internal Carotid Atherosclerosis Investigated by Carniocervial CTA

Objective: To investigate the relationship between hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and internal carotid atherosclerosis and its risk factors by CTA (Computed tomography angiography). Methods: The clinical materials of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients with carniocervial CTA from January 2018 to August 2019 in Puren Hospital of Wuhan were analyzed retrospectively. The correlation and risk factors between hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and internal carotid atherosclerosis were studied by logistic regression and descriptive analysis, at the same time, the application value of carniocervial CTA in patients with cerebral hemorrhage was evaluated. Results: There was a correlation between hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and internal carotid atherosclerosis (χ2 = 5.319, P = 0.021 1), which indicated that internal carotid atherosclerosis was the risk factor of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, and there was no significant correlation between the location of internal carotid atherosclerosis, multiple atherosclerosis of internal carotid artery and hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Monofactor analysis showed that the risk factors of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage with internal carotid atherosclerosis were sex, age, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. According to the logistic regression analysis, hyperlipidemia and diabetes were independent risk factors for hypertensive. Conclusion: The occurrence of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage is related to internal carotid atherosclerosis and is affected by many factors. Carniocervial CTA is helpful to the diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage.

Progress in Analgesic-Sedative Treatment in Perioperative Period of Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) refers to intra cerebral hemorrhage at basal ganglia, thalamus, ventricle, cerebellum and brainstem in patients with history of explicit hypertension disease, excluding secondary cerebral hemorrhage caused by trauma, vascular structural disorders, coagulation disorders, hematologic diseases, systematic diseases and neoplastic diseases. HICH is characteristic of high morbidity, fatality rate, disability rate and recurrence rate. HICH is the most common type of spontaneous cerebral hemorrhage and various surgical interventions are one of the major treatments for HICH. Surgical treatment is to eliminate hematoma, relieve oppression of hematoma on surrounding brain tissues, lower intracranial pressure and alleviate secondary brain tissue damages, thus enabling to decrease fatality rate of patients and improve the long-term quality of life. Patients with HICH often may have different degrees of coma, pains, dysphoria, anxiety and delirium in the postoperative period. After central pivot was damaged, the sympathetic central excitability spreading is strengthened in the state of cortical inhibition, which also might be accompanied by paroxysmal sympathetic hyperexcitation syndrome to strengthen disease conditions of patients and thereby influence subsequent treatment. Several professional guidelines all recommend analgesic-sedative treatment as an important component of ICU therapy. However, it lacks support by large sample sized clinical research results of analgesic-sedative treatment of HICH in the postoperative period. This study analyzed literature concerning analgesic-sedative treatment of HICH in the postoperative period in recent years, aiming to guide specific clinical implementation.

Effect of urokinase in combined with minimally invasive intracranial hematoma evacuation on serum ferritin, serum P substance, inflammatory factors and vascular endothelial function in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

Objective: To investigate the effects of minimally invasive evacuation of intracranial hematoma on serum SP, SF, vascular endothelial function and inflammatory factors of patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods: According to random data table method, a total of 120 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage from September 2016 to May 2017 were divided into observation group and the control group, 60 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional treatment;on the basis of conventional treatment, the observation group underwent minimally invasive evacuation of intracranial hematoma. The levels of serum SF, SP, vascular endothelial function and inflammatory factors changes were compared between the two groups before and after the treatment. Results: Before treatment, the levels of serum SP, SF, NO, ET-1, hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α in the two groups were not statistically significant. The levels of hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-α, SF, ET-1 after treatment in two groups were significantly lower than those in the same group before treatment, and the observation group levels were significantly lower than those in the control group;the levels of SP, NO in the two groups after treatment were significantly higher than before treatment, and the observation group was higher than that the control group with significant difference. Conclusion: The minimally invasive intracranial hematoma evacuation for patients with HICH can effectively improve the levels of SP, SF, inflammatory factors and vascular endothelial function, which is helpful to relieve cerebral edema and lower intracranial pressure, and improve the quality of treatment.

Analysis of correlation between MSCT classification and prognosis of basal ganglia hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

Objective:To investigate the correlation between MSCT grading and the prognosis of basal ganglia hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.Methods:A total of 86 patients with basal ganglia hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage admitted to our hospital from May 2017 to March 2018 were selected.The clinical data and imaging data were collected from 86 patients.The MSCT images were observed and summarized by two radiologists.Based on the morphology of cisterna ambiens and brain stem,the correlation of MSCT grading to Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)and Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS)grading was analyzed by use of Spearman correlation analysis.Results:Among 86 patients,the number of MSCT gradeⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣwere 29 cases,38 cases,9 cases and 10 cases respectively.There was no significant correlation between MSCT grading and age,sex as well as types of combined underlying diseases in the patients with basal ganglia hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage(p>0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between MSCT grading and GCS score of basal ganglia hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.The higher MSCT grade was,the higher GCS score was(r=0.719,p<0.001).There was a positive correlation between MSCT grading and GOS grading of basal ganglia hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.The higher MSCT grade was,the higher GOS grade was,leading to a poor prognosis(r=0.734,p<0.001).86 cases of basal ganglia hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage showed round or quasi-circular high-density shadows in MSCT images,the CT value ranged from 50 Hu to 80 Hu.Low-density bands surrounded the hematoma in the acute stage,and space-occupying effect could be seen in some patients,which resulted in the compression of ventricular sulcus and cistern and the displacement of midline structure.Subacute basal ganglia hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients showed a relative decrease in the density of hematoma,with the extent of edema gradually reduced,the focus showed a high-density shadow in the center;chronic basal ganglia hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage focus showed a cystic low-density shadow.Conclusion:MSCT grading of basal ganglia hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage is positively correlated to GCS and GOS grading.MSCT grading can contribute to the prognostic evaluation to the patients.

Analysis of surgical indication and efficacy in hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

Objective To analyze the clinical data of patients who suffered from hypertensive intra cerebral hemorrhage (HICH) in West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2006 to 2009,to evaluate the efficacy and prognosis of surgical treatment and conservative treatment in HICH, to investigate the surgical and

Tripartite intensive intervention for prevention of rebleeding in elderly patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND Hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage(HICH)is the rupture and bleeding of vessels of the cerebral parenchyma caused by continuously elevated or violently fluctuating blood pressure.The condition is characterized by high disability and high mortality.Hematoma formation and resulting space-occupying effects following intracerebral hemorrhage are among the key causes of impaired neurological function and disability.Consequently,minimally invasive clearance of the hematoma is undertaken for the treatment of HICH because it can effectively relieve intracranial hypertension.Therefore,special attention should be given to the quality of medical and nursing interventions in the convalescent period after minimally invasive hematoma clearance.AIM The study aim was to determine the value of intensive intervention,including doctors,nurses,and patient families,for the prevention of rebleeding in elderly patients with HICH during the first hospitalization for rehabilitation after the ictal event METHODS A total of 150 elderly HICH patients with minimally invasive hematoma evacuation in our hospital between May 2018 and May 2020 were selected and equally divided into two groups of 75 each by their planned intervention.The control group was given conventional nursing intervention and the observation group was given tripartite intensive intervention.The length of hospital stay,cost,complication rate,satisfaction rate,and rebleeding rate during hospitalization were recorded.Changes in cerebral blood flow indicators were recorded in both groups.Changes in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score,quality of life index(QLI)score,and health behavior score were evaluated at the National Institutes of Health.RESULTS Duration of hospitalization was shorter in the in the observation group than in the control group,the hospitalization cost was less than in the control group,and the rate of rebleeding during hospitalization was lower than in the control group(all P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups before treatment(all P>0.05).The mean flow rate(Qmean)and mean velocity(Vmean)of the two groups increased(P<0.05),and the dynamic resistance and peripheral resistance decreased(P<0.05).The Qmean and Vmean in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Moreover,the dynamic resistance and peripheral resistance of the blood vessels were also lower in the intervention group than in the control group(P<0.05).The difference in health behavior scores between the two groups before treatment was not significant(P>0.05).In both groups,the scores for healthy behaviors such as emotion control,medication adherence,dietary management,exercise management,and selfmonitoring were higher after than before treatment(P<0.05),and the scores of healthy behaviors in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the NIHSS and QLI scores between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05).The QLI scores of the two groups increased(P<0.05),and the NIHSS scores decreased(P<0.05).The QLI scores of the intervention group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05),and the NIHSS score was correspondingly lower than that of the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of respiratory infections,pressure sores,central hyperpyrexia,and deep venous thrombosis was lower in the intervention group than in the control group.Accordingly,the satisfaction rate was higher in the treatment group than that in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Intensive intervention by doctors,nurses,and families of elderly patients with HICH reduced the rate of rebleeding during hospitalization.It also reduced the incidence of complications,promoted rehabilitation,improved the quality of life,and enhanced nerve function.Additionally,it improved satisfaction and promoted healthy behaviors.

Short-term effect and long-term prognosis of neuroendoscopic minimally invasive surgery for hypertensive int-racerebral hemorrhage

BACKGROUND Hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage is a common critical disease of the nervous system,comprising one fifth of all acute cerebrovascular diseases and has a high disability and mortality rate.It severely affects the patients’quality of life.AIM To analyze the short-term effect and long-term prognosis of neuroendoscopic minimally invasive surgery for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage.METHODS From March 2018 to May 2020,118 patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage were enrolled in our study and divided into a control group and observation group according to the surgical plan.The control group used a hard-channel minimally invasive puncture and drainage procedure.The observation group underwent minimally invasive neuroendoscopic surgery.The changes in the levels of serum P substances(SP),inflammatory factors[tumor necrosis factor-α,interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-10],and the National Hospital Stroke Scale(NIHSS)and Barthel index scores were recorded.Surgery related indicators and prognosis were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The operation time(105.26±28.35)of the observation group was min longer than that of the control group,and the volume of intraoperative bleeding was 45.36±10.17 mL more than that of the control group.The hematoma clearance rates were 88.58%±4.69%and 94.47%±4.02%higher than those of the control group at 48 h and 72 h,respectively.Good prognosis rate(86.44%)was higher in the observation group than in the control group,and complication rate(5.08%)was not significantly different from that of the control group(P>0.05).The SP level and Barthel index score of the two groups increased(P<0.05)and the inflam-matory factors and NIHSS score decreased(P<0.05).The cytokine levels,NIHSS score,and Barthel index score were better in the observation group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Neuroendoscopic minimally invasive surgery is more complicated than hard channel minimally invasive puncture drainage in the treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage;however,hematoma clearance is more thorough,and the short-term effect and long-term prognosis are better than hard channel minimally invasive puncture drainage.

Hemostatic Therapy for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Objective: To reduce the blood pressure and elevate intracranial pressure using nimodipine (Nimotop Intravenous (IV) infusion). Thus, intracerebral hemorrhage was controlled, and the purpose of hemostasis was achieved. Methods: Sixty-eight patients with intracerebral hemorrhage were divided into a treatment group (n = 51), and a control group (n = 35). Nimotop solution (10 mg) was administered as a fast-flowing IV infusion in the treatment group, and 250 ml 20% mannitol infusion was given to patients in the control group twice every day. Patients in both groups received treatment for seven days, and the blood pressure on the treatment day was measured. A brain Computed Tomography (CT) scan was performed as a reexamination within two weeks. Results: The blood pressure in the treatment group was decreased from 179/104 to 151/91 mmHg, averagely, and in the control group was decreased from 181/108 to 180/103 mmHg, averagely. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). Hematoma enlargement occurred in 20 patients (53.3%) in the treatment group, and four patients in the control group (8.57%). The difference between both groups was statistically significant (P < 0.01). There were eight deaths in the treatment group. Seven deaths were caused by cerebral hernia, and one was caused by complications. There was one death in the control group caused by lung infection and gastrointestinal bleeding. Conclusion: Nimodipine can dilate the arteries, reduce blood pressure, and elevate intracranial pressure, lowering pressure gradients across vessel wall which destroy the vessel wall. Also, nimodipine can prevent hemorrhage as well as recurrent hemorrhage, and can used as the first choice of rescue drug. What’s more, dehydration drugs such as mannitol should not be used in the early stage of intracerebral hemorrhage in order to prevent hematoma enlargement.

神经内镜手术对幕上高血压性脑出血患者的疗效分析:一项单中心回顾性病例对照研究

目的探讨神经内镜手术治疗幕上高血压性脑出血的效果。方法回顾性选择2022年1-12月我中心收治的42例幕上高血压性脑出血手术患者,根据治疗方式分为神经内镜组(22例)和开颅手术组(20例)。对比两组患者术后残余血肿量、术后90 d预后良好(改良Rankin量表评分为0~3分)率、死亡率及并发症发生率。结果神经内镜组术后残余血肿量<15 mL的患者比例(77.3%,17/22)高于开颅手术组(35.0%,7/20;P=0.022)。神经内镜组和开颅手术组术后90 d预后良好的患者分别为14例(63.6%)和4例(20.0%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。神经内镜组术后再出血发生率(4.5%,1/22)低于开颅手术组(5.0%,1/20;P=0.001)。两组患者术后肺部感染发生率均为100.0%,差异无统计学意义(P=1.000)。神经内镜组的术后90 d死亡率(13.6%,3/22)低于开颅手术组(30.0%,6/20;P<0.001)。结论神经内镜手术治疗可提高幕上高血压性脑出血患者的血肿清除率,降低并发症发生率及死亡率,改善患者预后。

原发性延髓“心”形出血1例报道

临床上延髓出血是少见的脑出血类型,在文献中多以个案报道形式呈现,而双侧延髓内侧出血更为少见。本文介绍了1例老年男性患者,既往高血压病史多年,平日血压控制不佳,此次以“头晕、头痛伴恶心、呕吐”急性发病,后出现饮水呛咳、吞咽困难、失语、四肢瘫痪等症状。完善头颅CT提示双侧延髓内侧呈“心”形的高密度灶,明确诊断为延髓出血,并考虑此次发病与高血压有关。本文介绍了该患者的诊治经过,并从病因、临床表现、辅助检查、治疗以及结局等方面加以讨论,以期增加临床医师关于此病的诊治经验。

尼莫地平联合微创穿刺清除术对高血压脑出血患者神经功能、血流动力学及血清炎症因子水平的影响

目的探讨尼莫地平联合微创穿刺清除术对高血压脑出血(HICH)患者神经功能、血流动力学及血清炎症因子水平的影响。方法选择2019年6月至2022年5月河北北方学院附属第二医院收治的108例HICH患者为研究对象,根据治疗方法将患者分为观察组(n=55)和对照组(n=53)。2组患者均给予微创穿刺清除术,在此基础上观察组患者加用尼莫地平治疗1个月。采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分评估2组患者治疗前后神经功能缺损情况;分别于治疗前后抽取患者晨起空腹静脉血5 mL,离心取血清,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测患者血清中脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平;超声经颅多普勒血流分析仪监测2组患者治疗前后平均血流速度(Vm)、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI)等血流动力学指标;记录治疗后2组患者头痛、头晕、感染、再出血等不良反应发生情况。结果治疗前2组患者的NIHSS评分及血清NSE、BDNF水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者治疗后NIHSS评分和血清NSE水平显著低于治疗前,血清BDNF水平显著高于治疗前(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者NIHSS评分和血清NSE水平显著低于对照组,血清BDNF水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前2组患者的Vm、PI、RI比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者治疗后的Vm、PI显著高于治疗前,RI显著低于治疗前(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者的Vm、PI显著高于对照组,RI显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患者治疗前血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者治疗后血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平显著低于治疗前(P<0.05)。治疗后,观察组患者血清TNF-α、IL-6、CRP水平显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组和观察组患者不良反应发生率分别为7.55%(4/53)、9.09%(5/55),2组患者不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论尼莫地平联合微创穿刺清除术可有效改善HICH患者的血流灌注速度,降低炎症反应程度,减轻患者神经功能损伤。

FA、betatrophin、YKL-40预测高血压深部脑出血神经内镜术后再出血的价值

目的探讨血清胎球蛋白(FA)、血管生成素样蛋白betatrophin、甲壳质酶蛋白-40(YKL-40)预测高血压深部脑出血神经内镜术后再出血的效果。方法选取2019年9月至2021年9月焦作市第二人民医院神经外科收治的169例高血压深部脑出血患者,均成功实施神经内镜术,根据术后48 h内是否发生再出血分为再出血组、无再出血组,比较两组一般资料与术前、术后即刻血清FA、betatrophin、YKL-40及三者手术前后差值,对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果再出血组血肿量、抗凝药物应用、脑疝患者多于无再出血组,入院时格拉斯哥昏迷评分法(GCS)评分低于无再出血组(P<0.05);再出血组术前、术后即刻血清FA、betatrophin、YKL-40高于无再出血组(P<0.05);血肿量、应用抗凝药物、脑疝、入院时GCS评分、血清FA、betatrophin与YKL-40手术前后差值均与术后再出血有关(P<0.05);血清FA、betatrophin与YKL-40手术前后差值预测再出血的受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.748、0.779、0.788,三者联合的ROC曲线下面积为0.938;血清FA、betatrophin与YKL-40手术前后差值≥对应最佳截断值者再出血的危险度分别为小于对应截断值的4.412、7.464、6.033倍。结论血清FA、betatrophin、YKL-40与高血压深部脑出血神经内镜术后再出血有关,监测术前、术后即刻各指标变化有助于预测患者术后再出血的危险度,为临床治疗提供参考依据。

高血压脑出血复发的影响因素研究

目的:探讨高血压脑出血复发的影响因素。方法:选取2018年9月—2023年9月南充市川北医学院附属医院收治的95例高血压脑出血复发患者作为研究组,选取2017年3月—2018年3月收治的351例5年未复发的高血压脑出血患者作为对照组,对两组患者的性别、年龄、婚姻状况、mRS分级、文化程度、高盐饮食、高脂饮食、吸烟、饮酒、情绪状态、居住状态、居住地、人均月收入、医保类型、健康意识、服药依从性、监测血压及收缩压18项指标进行单因素分析,再将差异有统计学意义的指标进行logistic分析。结果:logistic分析结果显示,高脂饮食、健康意识、服药依从性、监测血压、收缩压是脑出血复发的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:应针对这些影响因素对脑出血患者进行健康宣教,对减少脑出血复发具有重要意义。

地佐辛超前镇痛联合头皮神经阻滞对血肿清除术治疗高血压脑出血患者的影响

目的分析地佐辛超前镇痛联合头皮神经阻滞(scalp nerve block,SNB)在高血压脑出血(hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage,HICH)患者手术治疗的应用效果。方法 使用随机数表法将手术治疗的76例HICH患者均分为对照组和观察组。对照组在常规全身麻醉基础上给予SNB麻醉,观察组在对照组基础上给予地佐辛超前镇痛。比较两组术前、切皮、穿刺颅骨、缝皮时的平均动脉压(mean arterial pressure,MAP)、心率;比较两组清醒拔管时、术后6h、12h、24h、48h时的视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)疼痛评分;统计两组麻醉相关不良反应发生率。结果 对照组切皮、穿刺颅骨、缝皮时的MAP、心率水平均高于术前,观察组切皮、穿刺颅骨、缝皮时的MAP、心率水平均低于对照组(P<0.001)。观察组术后6h、12h、24h、48h时的VAS评分均较对照组更低(P<0.001)。观察组不良反应发生率为5.26%,对照组为23.68%,观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 地佐辛超前镇痛联合SNB应用于HICH患者手术治疗,不仅可有效维持患者围术期血流动力学稳定,还可减轻患者术后疼痛,提高麻醉安全性。

压力与应激理论在高血压脑出血患者中的应用

目的:探讨压力与应激理论在高血压脑出血患者中的应用效果。方法:前瞻性选取2021年3月1日~2023年3月31日收治的96例高血压脑出血患者为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组各48例,对照组给予常规干预,研究组采用压力与应激理论干预,并分析出院准备度、积极度与疾病不确定相关性;比较两组出院准备度,干预前后积极度[采用积极度量表(PAM)]、疾病不确定[采用中文版Mishel疾病不确定感量表(MUIS)]、神经功能缺损程度[采用美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)]、生活质量[采用脑卒中影响量表(SIS)],并发症发生情况。结果:研究组疾病知识、预期社会支持、院外应对能力、自身状况得分及出院准备度量表总分均高于对照组(P<0.01);两组干预1、2个月后PAM、MUIS评分均优于干预前(P<0.05),且干预2个月后评分优于干预1个月后(P<0.05);研究组干预1、2个月后PAM、MUIS均优于对照组(P<0.01);Spearman相关性显示,积极度与出院准备度呈正相关(P<0.05),疾病不确定与出院准备度呈负相关(P<0.05),积极度与疾病不确定呈负相关(P<0.05);干预2个月后,两组NIHSS、SIS评分均低于干预前(P<0.05),且研究组低于对照组(P<0.01);研究组并发症总发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:将压力与应激理论应用于高血压脑出血患者中,可有效改善患者出院准备度,增加积极性与缓解疾病不确定感,进而促进患者神经功能恢复,降低并发症发生率,提高患者生活质量。