The therapeutic interventions of human hypertrophic scars(HHS)remain puzzle largely due to the lack of accepted models.Current HHS models are limited by their inability to mimic native scar architecture and associated...The therapeutic interventions of human hypertrophic scars(HHS)remain puzzle largely due to the lack of accepted models.Current HHS models are limited by their inability to mimic native scar architecture and associated pathological microenvironments.Here,we create a 3D functional HHS model by preformed cellular aggregates(PCA)bioprinting,firstly developing bioink from scar decellularized extracellular matrix(ECM)and alginate-gelatin(Alg-Gel)hydrogel with suitable physical properties to mimic the microenvironmental factors,then pre-culturing patient-derived fibroblasts in this bioink to preform the topographic cellular aggregates for sequent printing.We confirm the cell aggregates preformed in bioink displayed well defined aligned structure and formed functional scar tissue self-organization after bioprinting,hence showing the potential of creating HHS models.Notably,these HHS models exhibit characteristics of early-stage HHS in gene and protein expression,which significantly activated signaling pathway related to inflammation and cell proliferation,and recapitulate in vivo tissue dynamics of scar forming.We also use the in vitro and in vivo models to define the clinically observed effects to treatment with concurrent anti-scarring drugs,and the data show that it can be used to evaluate the potential therapeutic target for drug testing.The ideal humanized scar models we present should prove useful for studying critical mechanisms underlying HHS and to rapidly test new drug targets and develop patient-specific optimal therapeutic strategies in the future.展开更多
Hypertrophic scars(HTS)are caused by dermal injuries such as trauma and burns to the deep dermis,which are red,raised,itchy and painful.They can cause cosmetic disfigurement or contractures if craniofacial areas or mo...Hypertrophic scars(HTS)are caused by dermal injuries such as trauma and burns to the deep dermis,which are red,raised,itchy and painful.They can cause cosmetic disfigurement or contractures if craniofacial areas or mobile region of the skin are affected.Abnormal wound healing with more extracellular matrix deposition than degradation will result in HTS formation.This review will introduce the physiology of wound healing,dermal HTS formation,treatment and difference with keloids in the skin,and it also review the current advance of molecular basis of HTS including the involvement of cytokines,growth factors,and macrophages via chemokine pathway,to bring insights for future prevention and treatment of HTS.展开更多
背景:增生性瘢痕是以成纤维细胞过度增殖、表皮增厚和角质层功能不良为特征的皮肤纤维化疾病,目前其具体发病机制仍不清楚。目的:基于生物信息学筛选增生性瘢痕相关数据集的核心(Hub)基因及重要信号通路,再用细胞实验加以验证,预测对其...背景:增生性瘢痕是以成纤维细胞过度增殖、表皮增厚和角质层功能不良为特征的皮肤纤维化疾病,目前其具体发病机制仍不清楚。目的:基于生物信息学筛选增生性瘢痕相关数据集的核心(Hub)基因及重要信号通路,再用细胞实验加以验证,预测对其可能有治疗作用的小分子药物。方法:从基因表达综合数据库搜索增生性瘢痕相关的数据集,通过R软件筛选差异表达基因,对差异表达基因进行基因本体论和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Gnomes,KEGG)富集分析,使用String在线平台构建差异表达基因的蛋白质相互作用网络,然后分别利用Cytoscape软件中的Cytohubba和MCODE插件筛选出蛋白质相互作用网络中的关键基因和核心模块,进一步将上述关键基因和构成核心模块的基因求交集得到Hub基因,通过荧光定量PCR验证Hub基因mRNA在人增生性瘢痕与正常皮肤表皮干细胞中的表达差异,并利用人类蛋白图谱中组织学数据验证Hub基因编码蛋白在2种组织中表达量和分布的差异,最后用connectivity map数据库预测针对增生性瘢痕的潜在作用药物。结果与结论:①筛选出的差异表达基因中上调基因102个、下调基因702个,基因本体论和KEGG分析结果显示,富集的信号通路及生物学过程主要涉及紧密连接、花生四烯酸代谢、细胞外基质受体交互、表皮发育和角质化等;②取交集得到8个Hub基因与调控胆固醇代谢的甲羟戊酸途径密切相关,分别是HMGCS1、DHCR7、MSMO1、FDPS、MVK、HMGCR、MVD和ACAT2;③荧光定量PCR结果显示,相比正常皮肤组,增生性瘢痕组HMGCS1、DHCR7、MSMO1、FDPS、HMGCR、MVD和ACAT2 mRNA的表达均显著下降(P<0.05),而MVK mRNA的表达无明显变化(P>0.05);④除MVK外,其余Hub基因编码蛋白在正常皮肤组织中表达水平均高于增生性瘢痕组织(P<0.05);⑤评分排列前10的候选药物包括蛋白激酶A抑制剂(H-89)、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(Dabigatran-Etexilate)、FLT3抑制剂(舒尼替尼)等,其中白藜芦醇和β-谷甾醇均为植物来源;⑥提示与甲羟戊酸代谢途径密切相关的Hub基因可能通过调控脂质代谢影响表皮结构与功能,这可能是增生性瘢痕的重要发病机制之一,此次研究筛选的小分子化合物可作为治疗增生性瘢痕的候选药物。展开更多
目的:探讨circ-0030042与人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶(Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)的相互作用关系,并分析其在增生性瘢痕(Hypertrophic scar,HS)患者中对成纤维细胞增殖与迁移的影响及作用机制。方...目的:探讨circ-0030042与人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶(Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)的相互作用关系,并分析其在增生性瘢痕(Hypertrophic scar,HS)患者中对成纤维细胞增殖与迁移的影响及作用机制。方法:通过circRNA序列和定量聚合酶链反应(PCR技术)检测正常皮肤成纤维细胞(NSFBs)和增生性瘢痕患者成纤维细胞(HSFBs)中circ-0030042的表达。用CCK8检测法检测转染48 h后的HSFBs细胞增殖情况。利用stubRFP-sensGFP-LC3基因转染、流式细胞仪及电子显微镜观察circ-0030042对miR-145/PTEN轴调控VEGF水平的表达。利用生物信息学分析、RNA免疫沉淀、免疫荧光检测等方法,揭示circ-0030042介导HS患者成纤维细胞增殖与迁移的作用机制。结果:circ-0030042在增生性瘢痕中显著上调,过表达时作为VEGF海绵抑制miR-145诱导的成纤维细胞,维持体内稳定性。此外,circ-0030042通过海绵化VEGF水平并阻断其miR-145捕获转录因子(FOXO1)mRNA来影响自噬,而circ-0030042诱导FOXO1的抑制被VEGF水平过表达或circ-0030042结合减少所抵消。过表达circ-0030042对成纤维细胞的增殖抑制与VEGF表达的抑制作用被过表达miR-145部分抵消。结论:干扰circ-0030042通过靶向下调miR-145/PTEN轴进而抑制HSFBs细胞的增殖与迁移,进一步诱导恶性细胞凋亡。展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(81830064,81721092,32000969,82002056)Key Support Program for Growth Factor Research(SZYZ-TR-03)+3 种基金Chinese PLA General Hospital for Military Medical Innovation Research Project(CX-19026)the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(CIFMS,2019-I2M-5-059)the Military Medical Research and Development Projects(AWS17J005)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFA0108700,2017YFA0105602).
文摘The therapeutic interventions of human hypertrophic scars(HHS)remain puzzle largely due to the lack of accepted models.Current HHS models are limited by their inability to mimic native scar architecture and associated pathological microenvironments.Here,we create a 3D functional HHS model by preformed cellular aggregates(PCA)bioprinting,firstly developing bioink from scar decellularized extracellular matrix(ECM)and alginate-gelatin(Alg-Gel)hydrogel with suitable physical properties to mimic the microenvironmental factors,then pre-culturing patient-derived fibroblasts in this bioink to preform the topographic cellular aggregates for sequent printing.We confirm the cell aggregates preformed in bioink displayed well defined aligned structure and formed functional scar tissue self-organization after bioprinting,hence showing the potential of creating HHS models.Notably,these HHS models exhibit characteristics of early-stage HHS in gene and protein expression,which significantly activated signaling pathway related to inflammation and cell proliferation,and recapitulate in vivo tissue dynamics of scar forming.We also use the in vitro and in vivo models to define the clinically observed effects to treatment with concurrent anti-scarring drugs,and the data show that it can be used to evaluate the potential therapeutic target for drug testing.The ideal humanized scar models we present should prove useful for studying critical mechanisms underlying HHS and to rapidly test new drug targets and develop patient-specific optimal therapeutic strategies in the future.
基金Authors gratefully acknowledge the support from Li Ka Shine Sino-Canadian Exchange Program(ZZ).This work was also funded by University Hospital foundation from University of Alberta and the Firefighters'Burn Trust Fund
文摘Hypertrophic scars(HTS)are caused by dermal injuries such as trauma and burns to the deep dermis,which are red,raised,itchy and painful.They can cause cosmetic disfigurement or contractures if craniofacial areas or mobile region of the skin are affected.Abnormal wound healing with more extracellular matrix deposition than degradation will result in HTS formation.This review will introduce the physiology of wound healing,dermal HTS formation,treatment and difference with keloids in the skin,and it also review the current advance of molecular basis of HTS including the involvement of cytokines,growth factors,and macrophages via chemokine pathway,to bring insights for future prevention and treatment of HTS.
文摘背景:增生性瘢痕是以成纤维细胞过度增殖、表皮增厚和角质层功能不良为特征的皮肤纤维化疾病,目前其具体发病机制仍不清楚。目的:基于生物信息学筛选增生性瘢痕相关数据集的核心(Hub)基因及重要信号通路,再用细胞实验加以验证,预测对其可能有治疗作用的小分子药物。方法:从基因表达综合数据库搜索增生性瘢痕相关的数据集,通过R软件筛选差异表达基因,对差异表达基因进行基因本体论和京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Gnomes,KEGG)富集分析,使用String在线平台构建差异表达基因的蛋白质相互作用网络,然后分别利用Cytoscape软件中的Cytohubba和MCODE插件筛选出蛋白质相互作用网络中的关键基因和核心模块,进一步将上述关键基因和构成核心模块的基因求交集得到Hub基因,通过荧光定量PCR验证Hub基因mRNA在人增生性瘢痕与正常皮肤表皮干细胞中的表达差异,并利用人类蛋白图谱中组织学数据验证Hub基因编码蛋白在2种组织中表达量和分布的差异,最后用connectivity map数据库预测针对增生性瘢痕的潜在作用药物。结果与结论:①筛选出的差异表达基因中上调基因102个、下调基因702个,基因本体论和KEGG分析结果显示,富集的信号通路及生物学过程主要涉及紧密连接、花生四烯酸代谢、细胞外基质受体交互、表皮发育和角质化等;②取交集得到8个Hub基因与调控胆固醇代谢的甲羟戊酸途径密切相关,分别是HMGCS1、DHCR7、MSMO1、FDPS、MVK、HMGCR、MVD和ACAT2;③荧光定量PCR结果显示,相比正常皮肤组,增生性瘢痕组HMGCS1、DHCR7、MSMO1、FDPS、HMGCR、MVD和ACAT2 mRNA的表达均显著下降(P<0.05),而MVK mRNA的表达无明显变化(P>0.05);④除MVK外,其余Hub基因编码蛋白在正常皮肤组织中表达水平均高于增生性瘢痕组织(P<0.05);⑤评分排列前10的候选药物包括蛋白激酶A抑制剂(H-89)、丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂(Dabigatran-Etexilate)、FLT3抑制剂(舒尼替尼)等,其中白藜芦醇和β-谷甾醇均为植物来源;⑥提示与甲羟戊酸代谢途径密切相关的Hub基因可能通过调控脂质代谢影响表皮结构与功能,这可能是增生性瘢痕的重要发病机制之一,此次研究筛选的小分子化合物可作为治疗增生性瘢痕的候选药物。
文摘目的:探讨circ-0030042与人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶(Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)的相互作用关系,并分析其在增生性瘢痕(Hypertrophic scar,HS)患者中对成纤维细胞增殖与迁移的影响及作用机制。方法:通过circRNA序列和定量聚合酶链反应(PCR技术)检测正常皮肤成纤维细胞(NSFBs)和增生性瘢痕患者成纤维细胞(HSFBs)中circ-0030042的表达。用CCK8检测法检测转染48 h后的HSFBs细胞增殖情况。利用stubRFP-sensGFP-LC3基因转染、流式细胞仪及电子显微镜观察circ-0030042对miR-145/PTEN轴调控VEGF水平的表达。利用生物信息学分析、RNA免疫沉淀、免疫荧光检测等方法,揭示circ-0030042介导HS患者成纤维细胞增殖与迁移的作用机制。结果:circ-0030042在增生性瘢痕中显著上调,过表达时作为VEGF海绵抑制miR-145诱导的成纤维细胞,维持体内稳定性。此外,circ-0030042通过海绵化VEGF水平并阻断其miR-145捕获转录因子(FOXO1)mRNA来影响自噬,而circ-0030042诱导FOXO1的抑制被VEGF水平过表达或circ-0030042结合减少所抵消。过表达circ-0030042对成纤维细胞的增殖抑制与VEGF表达的抑制作用被过表达miR-145部分抵消。结论:干扰circ-0030042通过靶向下调miR-145/PTEN轴进而抑制HSFBs细胞的增殖与迁移,进一步诱导恶性细胞凋亡。
