Intervention Study on Hypnotherapy of Primary Dysmenorrhea in Female College Students

Objective:To understand the relevant situation of primary dysmenorrhea among the subjects and target the relief of pain and associated symptoms through hypnotherapy only.Methods:The study recruited a total of 23 female college students who underwent primary dysmenorrhea as objects and conducted a self-report study.The clinical effect of hypnotic suggestion on primary dysmenorrhea was analyzed using the Visual Analogue Scale and the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire as observation indexes.Results:This finding demonstrated a significant reduction in the primary pain score after treatment(t=6.59,P<0.01).Moreover,no significant difference was noted between the first time and the second and third times after treatment.A significant difference was observed in the total scores of MDQ before and after treatment,which indicated the positive effect of hypnotherapy(F=28.52,P<0.001).After treatment,the scores of pain(F=7.85,P<0.001),concentration(F=5.12,P<0.001),behavioural change(F=8.12,P<0.001),autonomic reactions(F=14.54,P<0.001),water retention(F=5.7,P<0.001)and negative effect(F=16.08,P<0.001)were significantly lower than that of before treatment.Through a comparison of the correlation between the reduction rate of pain score and suggestibility at different stages of treatment,the study noted no significant correlation(P>0.05).Conclusion:The experimental results demonstrate that hypnotherapy is effective in treating primary dysmenorrhea.hypnotherapy intervention can improve negative emotions and level of attention and promote behavior change.

Efficacy of Hypnotherapy in the Management of Fibromyalgia:A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study

Objective:A multi-modal approach to fibromyalgia syndrome is necessary as it is affected by emotional,cognitive,and behavioral factors.In this context,hypnosis is one of the treatment methods used in fibromyalgia.However,studies on the use of hypnosis in fibromyalgia have mostly been conducted with short treatment durations of self-hypnosis.For this reason,we aimed to conduct this study in which the hypnosis sessions were face-to-face and the treatment duration was longer.Materials and Methods:Twenty-five patients who met the fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria published in the American College of Rheumatology(ACR)2016 and whose medical treatment was planned were included in the study.A total of 20 patients completed the study(10 hypnosis group and 10 control group).No additional treatment was applied to the control group other than medical treatment and exercise recommendations.In addition to medical treatment and exercise,patients in the hypnosis group received face-to-face hypnosis therapy once a week for 60 min,a total of 10 sessions.Evaluations of the patients before the treatment and in the 3^(rd)month after the treatment were made with the pain score and the fibromyalgia disease activity score.Results:Ages 18–65 years,with widespread pain for at least 3 months,according to ACR 2016 fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria;A total of 20 patients with fibromyalgia,10 in the hypnosis treatment group and 10 in the control treatment group completed the study.When the 3^(rd)month Visual Analog Scale(VAS)and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire(FIQ)values of the group receiving hypnosis treatment were compared with the control group,a statistical difference was found(P<0.001).When the pre-treatment VAS and FIQ values of the group receiving hypnosis treatment were compared with the 3^(rd)month values,a statistically significant improvement was found(respectively;P=0.006,P=0.005).When the pretreatment and 3^(rd)month VAS and FIQ values of the control group were compared,no statistical difference was found(P=0.063).Conclusions:Hypnosis treatment is effective in reducing pain and increasing daily life activities in fibromyalgia patients,and no side effects were reported.It can be considered a complementary treatment within the multimodal approach in fibromyalgia patients.

Hypnotherapy for overweight and obese patients:A narrative review

Obesity and overweight problems are serious global health issues today and despite many efforts,the prevalence has continued to rise for decades.Interestingly,hypnotherapy has been gaining recognition as an effective treatment for obesity and overweight problems.This review compiles contemporary scientific research on the effectiveness of hypnotherapy for weight reduction.Scopus,Pub Med and EBSCO Host databases were applied in the study.The search identified 119 articles,of which seven met the inclusion criteria.A total of 539 respondents(82.7%women and 17.3%men)between the ages of 17 and 67 years were represented in the seven studies.Most studies incorporated lifestyle changes,such as changes of dietary habit and behavioral recommendations in the hypnotic procedure.Their results suggested that the use of hypnotherapy not only promoted weight reduction during the treatment period but also after treatment cessation,and in some cases,one to ten kilograms were lost during follow-up periods.In addition,one study even showed increased physical activity among the hypnotised individuals.This use of hypnotherapy also improved respondents'eating behavior and quality of life.However,a definitive conclusion could not be drawn due to several methodological flaws and the limited number of published studies in this area.Therefore,further well-designed studies are needed to substantiate the effectiveness of hypnotherapy for this modern-day health problem.

恋物癖的催眠治疗

恋物癖是一种常见的性行为障碍,它是指对异性身体某部分及异性用品作为激起性欲的恋物症,对这类患者治疗颇为棘手。我们对12例恋物癣患者进行催眠治疗,取得满意的疗效,现报道如下。

Complementary and alternative medicines in irritable bowel syndrome: An integrative view

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is a common gastrointestinal disorder with a high incidence in the general population.The diagnosis of IBS is mainly based on exclusion of other intestinal conditions through the absence of inflammatory markers and specific antigens.The current pharmacological treatment approaches available focus on reducing symptom severity while often limiting quality of life because of significant side effects.This has led to an effectiveness gap for IBS patients that seek further relief to increase their quality of life.Complementary and alternative medicines(CAM)have been associated with a higher degree of symptom management and quality of life in IBS patients.Over the past decade,a number of important clinical trials have shown that specific herbal therapies(peppermint oil and Iberogast?),hypnotherapy,cognitive behavior therapy,acupuncture,and yoga present with improved treatment outcomes in IBS patients.We propose an integrative approach to treating the diverse symptoms of IBS by combining the benefits of and need for pharmacotherapy with known CAM therapies to provide IBS patients with the best treatment outcome achievable.Initial steps in this direction are already being considered with an increasing number of practitioners recommending CAM therapies to their patients if pharmacotherapy alone does not alleviate symptoms sufficiently.

Aspects of the non-pharmacological treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is one of the most commonly diagnosed gastrointestinal conditions. It represents a significant healthcare burden and remains a clinical challenge. Over the years IBS has been described from a variety of different perspectives; from a strict illness of the gastrointestinal tract(medical model) to a more complex multi-symptomatic disorder of the brain-gut axis(biopsychosocial/psychosomatic model). In this article we present aspects of the pathophysiology and the non-pharmacological treatment of IBS based on current knowledge. Effects of conditioned stress and/or traumatic influences on the emotional system(top-down) as well as effects on the intestine through stressors,infection,inflammation,food and dysbiosis(bottom-up) can affect braingut communication and result in dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system(ANS),playing an important role in the pathophysiology of IBS. Conditioned stress together with dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system and the emotional system may involve reactions in which the distress inside the body is not recognized due to low body awareness. This may explain why patients have difficulty identifying their symptoms despite dysfunction in muscle tension,movement patterns,and posture and biochemical functions in addition to gastrointestinal symptoms. IBS shares many features with other idiopathic conditions,such as fibromyalgia,chronic fatigue syndrome and somatoform disorders. The key to effective treatment is a thorough examination,including a gastroenterological examination to exclude other diseases along with an assessment of body awareness by a body-mind therapist. The literature suggests that early interdisciplinary diagnostic cooperation between gastroenterologists and body-mind therapists is necessary. Re-establishing balance in the ANS is an important component of IBS treatment. This article discusses the current knowledge of body-mind treatment,addressing the topic from a practical point of view.

Hypnosis and upper digestive function and disease

Hypnosis is a therapeutic technique that primarily involves attentive receptive concentration. Even though a small number of health professionals are trained in hypnosis and lingering myths and misconceptions associated with this method have hampered its widespread use to treat medical conditions hypnotherapy has gained relevance as an effective treatment for irritable bowel syndrome not responsive to standard care. More recently, a few studies have addressed the potential infl uence of hypnosis on uppe digestive function and disease. This paper reviews the efficacy of hypnosis in the modulation of uppe digestive motor and secretory function. The presen evidence of the effectiveness of hypnotherapy as a treatment for functional and organic diseases o the upper bowel is also summarized, coupled with a discussion of potential mechanisms of its therapeutic action.