Antiphospholipid syndrome presenting as recurrent coronary thrombosis:A case report

BACKGROUND Antiphospholipid syndrome(APS)is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by venous or arterial thrombosis,pregnancy morbidity and a variety of other autoimmune and inflammatory complications.Here,we report a case of APS associated with multiple coronary thromboses.CASE SUMMARY The patient,a 28-year-old male,suffered from recurrent coronary thromboses over a period of 31 months.Despite undergoing interventional coronary procedures,thrombolytic therapy,and anticoagulation treatment,the condition persisted intermittently.An extensive search for underlying thrombogenic factors revealed a diagnosis of APS.Accurate adjustment of the medication regimen led to the absence of further acute coronary syndrome(ACS)episodes during the subsequent 20-month follow-up.Although the patient occasionally experiences chest tightness,no further symptoms of distress have been reported.CONCLUSION APS can manifest as ACS.Screening for rheumatologic and immunological conditions is essential when encountering patients with multiple coronary thromboses.Treatment strategy should include symptomatic relief and a targeted and aggressive approach to address the underlying pathophysiology.

Acute compartment syndrome of the thigh following hip replacement by anterior approach in a patient using oral anticoagulants

Acute compartment syndrome(ACS) of the thigh following primary total hip arthroplasty(THA) is a highly uncommon complication and has not yet been reported before with regards to the anterior approach through the anterior supine interval. We present a case of a 69-year-old male patient with a history of stroke, who developed ACS of the thigh after elective THA while using therapeutic low molecular weight heparin as bridging for regular oral anticoagulation. ACS pathogenesis, diagnostic tools, treatment and relevant literature are discussed. The patient's ACS was recognized in time and treated by operative decompression with fasciotomy of the anterior compartment. Follow-up did not show any neurological deficit or soft-tissue damage.

Direct oral anticoagulants for the treatment of splanchnic vein thrombosis:A state of art

Splanchnic vein thrombosis(SVT)is a manifestation of venous thromboembolism in an unusual site.Portal,mesenteric,and splenic veins are the most common vessels involved in SVT which occurs mainly in patients with liver cirrhosis,although non-cirrhotic patients could be affected as well.Thrombosis of hepatic veins,also known as Budd-Chiari syndrome,is another manifestation of SVT.Prompt diagnosis and intervention are mandatory in order to increase the recalization rate and reduce the risk of thrombus progression and hypertensive complications.Traditional anticoagulation with heparin and vitamin-K antagonists is the treatment of choice in these cases.However,recent studies have shown promising results on the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants(DOACs)in this setting.Available results are mainly based on retrospective studies with small sample size,but first clinical trials have been published in the last years.This manuscript aims to provide an updated overview of the current evidence regarding the role of DOACs for SVT in both cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients.

A Retrospective Study of Continuous Renal Therapy and Anticoagulation in Patients with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome

Objective To observe the application of continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) and heparin anticoagulation in patients with HFRS, and to explore a more suitable anticoagulant strategy. Methods Eighty-five severe-type patients(severe group) and 71 critical-type patients(critical group) were enrolled in this study. The frequency of CRRT was compared between the two groups; the frequency of CRRT treated with and without heparin anticoagulation and the frequency of hemorrhage and channel blood clotting induced by the two anticoagulant strategies were observed. Results The frequency of CRRT in the critical group was higher than that in the severe group(P < 0.001). The frequency of CRRT initiated during the overlapping phases in the critical group was significantly higher than that of the severe group(P = 0.032). The total times of CRRT was 103, and 70 of them were treated with heparin anticoagulation. The frequencies of hemorrhage induced by heparin anticoagulation and no heparinization were 16 and 0, respectively, and the frequencies of channel blood clotting were 2 and 4, respectively. Conclusions CRRT has been used extensively in the critical-type patients with HFRS. The heparin anticoagulation and no anticoagulant strategies should be used more rationally in patients treated with CRRT, according to the clinical characteristics of the disease.

Prevalence of hypercoagulable states in stented thrombotic iliac vein compression syndrome with comparison of re-intervention and anticoagulation regimens

BACKGROUND Endovascular therapy is playing an increasing role in the treatment of iliofemoral venous disease.Iliac stent patency is multifactorial,and current management is based on best clinical practices,varying by institution.AIM To evaluate how thrombophilia influences management and outcomes of patients who undergo venous stenting for thrombotic iliac vein compression syndromes.METHODS A retrospective observational analysis was performed on 65 patients with thrombotic iliac vein compression syndrome that underwent common iliac vein(CIV)stenting between December 2013 and December 2019 at a large academic center.Search criteria included CIV stenting and iliac vein compression.Nonthrombotic lesions and iliocaval thrombosis and/or occlusions were excluded.A total of 65 patients were selected for final analysis.Demographic information,procedural data points,and post-procedural management and outcomes were collected.Statistical analyses included Fisher's exact and Chi-square tests to compare discrete variables and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test to compare continuous variables between thrombophilia positive and negative patients.RESULTS 65 patients underwent successful balloon angioplasty and CIV stenting.Of these patients,33(50.8%)underwent thrombophilia testing,with 16(48.5%)testing positive.Stent patency on ultrasound did not significantly differ between thrombophilia positive and negative patients at 1 mo(92.3%vs 81.3%,P=0.6),6 mo(83.3%vs 80%,P>0.9),or 12 mo(77.8%vs 76.9%,P=0.8).Immediately after stent placement,thrombophilia patients were more likely to be placed on dual therapy(aspirin and anticoagulation)or triple therapy(aspirin,clopidogrel,and anticoagulation)(50%vs 41.2%,P>0.9),and remain on dual therapy at 6 mo(25%vs 12.5%,P=0.5)and 12 mo(25%vs 6.7%,P=0.6).There was no significant difference in re-intervention rates(25%vs 35.3%,P=0.7)or number of reinterventions(average 2.3 vs 1.3 per patient,P=0.4)between thrombophilia positive and negative patients.CONCLUSION Half of patients with stented thrombotic iliac vein compression syndrome and thrombophilia testing were positive.The presence of thrombophilia did not significantly impact stent patency or re-intervention rates.

Challenging anticoagulation therapy for multiple primary malignant tumors combined with thrombosis:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Venous thromboembolism significantly contributes to patient deterioration and mortality.Management of its etiology and anticoagulation treatment is intricate,necessitating a comprehensive consideration of various factors,including the bleeding risk,dosage,specific anticoagulant medications,and duration of therapy.Herein,a case of lower extremity thrombosis with multiple primary malignant tumors and high risk of bleeding was reviewed to summarize the shortcomings of treatment and prudent anticoagulation experience.CASE SUMMARY An 83-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital due to a 2-wk history of left lower extremity edema that had worsened over 2 d.Considering her medical history and relevant post-admission investigations,it was determined that the development of left lower extremity venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in this case could be attributed to a combination of factors,including multiple primary malignant tumors,iliac venous compression syndrome,previous novel coronavirus infection,and inadequate treatment for prior thrombotic events.However,the selection of appropriate anticoagulant medications,determination of optimal drug dosages,and establishment of an appropriate duration of anticoagulation therapy were important because of concurrent thrombocytopenia,decreased quantitative fibrinogen levels,and renal insufficiency.CONCLUSION Anticoagulant prophylaxis should be promptly initiated in cases of high-risk thrombosis.Individualized anticoagulation therapy is required for complex thrombosis.

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome: Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis,treatment, and outcomes

Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) can be caused by the intake of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). To date, PAs-induced HSOS has not been extensively studied. In view of the difference in etiology of HSOS between the West and China, clinical profiles, imaging findings, treatment, and outcomes of HSOS associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or oxaliplatin might be hardly extrapolated to PAs-induced HSOS. Reactive metabolites derived from PAs form pyrrole-protein adducts that result in toxic destruction of hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. PAs-induced HSOS typically manifests as painful hepatomegaly, ascites, and jaundice. Laboratory tests revealed abnormal liver function tests were observed in most of the patients with PAs-induced HSOS. In addition, contrast computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging scan show that patients with PAs-induced HSOS have distinct imaging features, which reveal that radiological imaging provides an effective noninvasive method for the diagnosis of PAs-induced HSOS. Liver biopsy and histological examination showed that PAs-induced HSOS displayed distinct features in acute and chronic stages. Therapeutic strategies for PAs-induced HSOS include rigorous fluid management, anticoagulant therapy, glucocorticoids, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, liver transplantation, etc. The aim of this review is to describe the pathogenesis, clinical profiles, diagnostic criteria, treatment, and outcomes of PAs-induced HSOS.

Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis,and prevention of deep vein thrombosis recurrence and the post-thrombotic syndrome in the primary care medicine setting anno 2014

The requirement for a safe diagnostic strategy of deep vein thrombosis(DVT) should be based on an overall objective post incidence of venous thromboembolism(VTE) of less than 1% during 3 mo fol low-up. Compression ultrasonography(CUS) of the leg veins has a negative predictive value(NPV) of 97%-98% indicating the need of repeated CUS testing within one week. A negative ELISA VIDAS safely excludes DVT and VTE with a NPV between 99% and 100% at a low clinical score of zero. The combination of low clinical score and a less sensitive D-dimer test(Simplify) is not sensitive enough to exclude DVT and VTE in routine daily practice. From prospective clinical research studies it may be concluded that complete recanalization within 3-6 mo and no reflux is associated with a low or no risk of PTS obviating the need of MECS 6 mo after DVT. Partial and complete recanalization after 6 to more than 12 mo is usually complicated by reflux due to valve destruction and symptomatic PTS. Reflux seems to be a main determinant for PTS and DVT recurrence, the latter as a main contributing factor in worsening PTS. This hypothesis is supported by the relation between the persistent residual vein thrombosis(RVT = partial recanalization) and the risk of VTE recurrence in prospective studies. Absence of RVT at 3 mo postDVT and no reflux is predicted to be associated with no recurrence of DVT(1.2%) during follow-up obviating the need of wearing medical elastic stockings and anticoagulation at 6 mo post-DVT. The presence or absence of RVT but with reflux at or after 6 mo postDVT is associated with both symptomatic PTS and an increased risk of VTE recurrence in about one third in the post-DVT period after regular discontinuation of anticoagulant treatment. To test this hypothesis we designed a prospective DVT and postthrombotic syndrome(PTS) Bridging the Gap Study by addressing at least four unanswered questions in the treatment ofDVT and PTS.Which DVT patient has a clear indication for long-term compression stocking therapy to prevent PTS after the initial anticoagulant treatment in the acute phase of DVT?Is 6 mo the appropriate point in time to determine candidates at risk to develop DVT recurrence and PTS?Which high risk symptomatic PTS patients need extended anticoagulant treatment?

Is dual therapy the correct strategy in frail elderly patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome?

Atrial fibrillation(AF)is a very common arrhythmia in clinical practice.Its incidence and prevalence are age-related and are growing in the last years.Age is a risk factor also for coronary artery disease(CAD),and with the evolution of preventive care,the first event(acute coronary syndrome(ACS)or percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI))takes place at a later age.If elderly patients with AF and CAD undergo ACS or PCI,they have indication to assume triple therapy.Triple therapy(oral anticoagulation(OAC)plus dual antiplatelet therapy(DAPT))exposes patients to high bleeding risk.In the last 10 years,several clinical trials have tested dual therapy(OAC plus single antiplatelet therapy)in AF patients who undergo ACS or elective PCI.WOEST trial has tested warfarin+clopidogrel against triple therapy.PIONEER AF-PCI trial has tested low-dose rivaroxaban+P2Y12 inhibitor or very low-dose rivaroxaban+DAPT against standard triple therapy with warfarin.RE-DUAL PCI trial has tested two doses of dabigatran+P2Y12 inhibitor against standard triple therapy with Warfarin.AUGUSTUS trial has tested apixaban against warfarin both in dual therapy with P2Y12 inhibitor and in triple therapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor and aspirin.ENTRUST-AF PCI,last published study,has tested edoxaban+P2Y12 inhibitor against triple therapy.All these trials show dual therapy reduces significantly bleeding risk than triple therapy.In this paper,we analyze these clinical trials to understand if dual therapy results can be applied to elderly patients and what is probably the better approach in elderly AF patients undergo to ACS or PCI.

Impact of triple antithrombotic therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in real-world practice

Objective The optimal antithrombotic regimen for patients on oral anticoagulation （OAC） after acute coronary syndrome （ACS） and percutaneous coronary intervention （PCI） remains debated. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of OAC plus clopidogrel with or without aspirin in a real-world setting. Methods We retrospectively analyzed data from an international, multi-center registry be- tween 2003 and 2014 （n = 15,401）. Patients with ACS and receiving OAC after PCI were screened. The composite primary endpoint was 1-year all-cause death, re-infarction, or severe bleeding. Results The final analysis enrolled 642 patients including 62 patients （9.7%） with OAC and clopidogrel （dual therapy）, and 580 patients （90.3%） with the combination of aspirin, OAC and clopidogrel （triple therapy）. Pa- tients on triple therapy were more often female and were more likely to have comorbidities. There was no significant difference regarding the primary end point between dual therapy with triple therapy patients [17.74% vs. 17.24%; unadjusted hazard ratio （HR）： 1.035; 95% confi- dence interval （CI）： 0.556-1.929; adjusted HR： 1.026; 95% CI： 0.544-1.937]. However, the re-infarction rate was significantly higher in dual therapy than triple therapy patients （14.52% vs. 5.34%; unadjusted HR： 2.807; 95% CI： 1.329-5.928; adjusted HR： 2.333; 95% CI： 1.078-5.047）. In addition, there was no difference between two regimes in all-cause death and severe bleeding. Conclusions In real-life patients with ACS following PCI and with an indication of OAC, triple therapy was not associated with an increased rate of adverse out- comes compared to dual therapy. Moreover, it decreased risk of re-infarction and did not increase risk of severe bleeding.

Budd-Chiari syndrome:A single-center experience

AIM: To investigate challenges, risk factors, prognostic indicators, and treatment outcomes associated with Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) at a tertiary care center.

Hemorrhagic shock due to submucosal esophageal hematoma along with mallory-weiss syndrome:A case report

BACKGROUND Esophageal submucosal hematoma is a rare condition.Although the exact etiology remains uncertain,vessel fragility with external factors is believed to have led to submucosal bleeding and hematoma formation;the vessel was ruptured by a sudden increase in pressure due to nausea,and the hematoma was enlarged by antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy.Serious conditions are rare,with a better prognosis.We present the first known case of submucosal esophageal hematoma-subsequent hemorrhagic shock due to Mallory-Weiss syndrome.CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old female underwent endovascular treatment for an unruptured cerebral aneurysm.The patient received aspirin and clopidogrel before surgery and heparin during surgery,and was well during the surgery.Several hours after returning to the ICU,she complained of chest discomfort,vomited 500 m L of fresh blood,and entered hemorrhagic shock.Esophageal submucosal hematoma with Mallory-Weiss syndrome was diagnosed through an endoscopic examination and computed tomography.In addition to a massive fluid and erythrocyte transfusion,we performed a temporary compression for hemostasis with a Sengstaken-Blakemore(S-B)tube.Afterwards,she became hemodynamically stable.On postoperative day 1,we performed an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and confirmed no expansion of the hematoma nor any recurring bleeding;therefore,we removed the S-B tube and clipped the gastric mucosal laceration at the esophagogastric junction.We started oral intake on postoperative day 10.The patient made steady progress,and was discharged on postoperative day 33.CONCLUSION We present the first known case of submucosal esophageal hematoma subsequent hemorrhagic shock due to Mallory-Weiss syndrome.

Antiphospholipid syndrome and its role in pediatric cerebrovascular diseases: A literature review

Antiphospholipid syndrome(APS)or Hughes syndrome is an acquired thromboinflammatory disorder.Clinical criteria of APS diagnosis are large-and small-vessel thrombosis as well as obstetric problems;laboratory criteria are the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies(lupus anticoagulant,anticardiolipin antibodies and anti-β2-glycoprotein-1).The presence of at least 1 clinical and 1 laboratory criterion allows definitive diagnosis of APS.Primary APS is diagnosed in patients without features of connective tissue disease;secondary APS is diagnosed in patients with clinical signs of autoimmune disease.A high frequency of catastrophic APS as well as a high tendency to evolve from primary APS to secondary syndrome during the course of lupus and lupus-like disease is a feature of pediatric APS.The most characteristic clinical presentation of APS in the pediatric population is venous thrombosis,mainly in the lower limbs,and arterial thrombosis causing ischemic brain stroke.Currently,no diagnostic criteria for pediatric APS exist,which probably results in an underestimation of the problem.Similarly,no therapeutic procedures for APS specific for children have yet been established.In the present literature review,we discussed data concerning APS in children and its role in cerebrovascular diseases,including pediatric arterial ischemic stroke,migraine and cerebral venous thrombosis.

A 20-Year Follow-up after the Fontan Operation in a Population with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Background:Thromboembolic events are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in the Fontan population.We previously reported on coagulation profile changes in a cohort of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome(HLHS)from Stage I through Fontan completion.In this report,we examine their clinical status,anticoagulation and incidence of thromboembolic events up to 20 years post Fontan.Methods:A retrospective chart review was conducted for twenty(20)surviving patients,from 1998 through December 2020.Patients who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation(OTx)were followed until their transplant.Patients who were found in the original study to have a factor VIII activity level>160%,were examined separately.Results:Most patients had follow-up within the last two years(2018–2020).Two patients underwent OTx and two patients died.Anticoagulation strategy was variable.Most patients were on aspirin monotherapy.There was a total of twelve thrombotic events(63.2%).These included six cerebrovascular accidents(two of which were fatal).Three out of the seven patients with elevated factor VIII activity from the original study had thromboembolic events(42.9%).Fontan complications were variable.Some degree of Fontan Associated Liver Disease was universal.Conclusions:This retrospective review of a group of single-ventricle patients post Fontan,illustrates the variability in anticoagulation therapy that exists in this population.A large proportion of patients suffered a significant thromboembolic event,including the patients with elevated factor VIII.Further investigation into the patients with elevated factor VIII may help determine whether a different antithrombotic strategy post Fontan would be beneficial.

非诺贝特对阿霉素诱导的肾病模型大鼠的肾脏保护作用及机制

目的 研究非诺贝特对阿霉素诱导的肾病模型大鼠血脂、肾脏功能和形态的改变以及氧化应激、炎症、凝血因子的影响,探讨非诺贝特的肾脏保护作用并分析其机制。方法 将30只雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组和治疗组,分别于实验第1天、第7天尾静脉注射阿霉素4 mg/kg、2 mg/kg,制备肾病综合征大鼠模型,正常对照组尾静脉注射等量0.9%氯化钠溶液。造模第8周后,治疗组大鼠给予非诺贝特(60 mg/kg)水溶液灌胃,其余2组给予等量0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃。观察3组大鼠的一般状态、饮食、尿量及体重等变化。收集大鼠24 h尿液,利用考马斯亮蓝法检测24 h尿蛋白定量。实验结束后留取肾组织及血液标本,HE染色观察肾组织病理改变,生化分析仪检测3组大鼠血清肌酐(CRE)、血尿素氮(BUN)、胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)水平,试剂盒检测3组大鼠肾组织匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)水平,酶联免疫吸附法检测血清C反应蛋白(CRP)和血浆纤维蛋白原(FG)水平。结果 与正常对照组比较,模型组大鼠一般状态差、体重逐渐减轻、24 h尿蛋白水平、血清CRE、BUN、TC、TG水平显著升高,肾小球及肾小管形态异常,表明肾病综合征大鼠模型制备成功;非诺贝特可显著改善肾病综合征模型大鼠的肾脏病理改变,治疗组大鼠体重较同期模型组普遍偏高,第8周时,2组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),24 h尿蛋白水平较同期模型组明显降低,第8周末更为显著(P<0.01),血清CRE、BUN、TC、TG水平显著降低,2组间差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,治疗组大鼠肾组织中MDA含量显著降低,GSH-Px、SOD活性显著升高,血清CRP和血浆FG水平显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或<0.01)。结论 非诺贝特可能通过降低肾病综合征大鼠血脂及氧化应激、炎性因子和凝血因子的表达水平,对阿霉素诱导的肾病模型大鼠起到一定的肾脏保护作用。

血栓清除术治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成的研究进展

下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)是常见的血管外科疾病,即使是在标准抗凝治疗下,仍然部分患者发展为血栓后综合征(PTS),严重影响患者的预后,增加了医疗负担。血栓清除术可有效减少血栓负荷,弥补了单纯抗凝治疗的不足,有望降低PTS的发生率,但目前关于血栓清除术的疗效尚存在一定争议。本文基于现有研究,就血栓清除术的发展史、不同血栓清除方式的比较、成功清除血栓的影响因素、血栓清除术的并发症、血栓清除术的研究现状进行综述,以期为临床治疗提供参考。

嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合征合并外周动脉栓塞患者的临床特点分析

目的分析伴外周动脉栓塞的嗜酸性粒细胞增多综合征(HES)患者的临床特点及治疗效果,以提高临床医生的对该疾病的认识。方法从2012年4月至2021年10月北京协和医院的住院患者中进行入组挑选,通过电子病例系统收集了176例外周动脉栓塞的患者,根据纳入排除标准,共纳入13例HES伴外周动脉栓塞的患者,以上患者均通过影像学检查证实存在外周动脉栓塞。经过年龄及性别匹配,按照1∶3的比例筛选出同期住院的不伴外周动脉栓塞的39例HES患者作为对照组。比较两组患者在临床资料、治疗方案及治疗反应方面的差异。结果病例组13例患者有11例男性。主要栓塞部位为下肢腘动脉、足背动脉及上肢桡动脉、尺动脉。伴外周动脉栓塞组的患者周围神经受累情况显著高于不伴外周动脉栓塞组(P<0.05);胃肠道受累比例(P<0.05)及嗜酸性粒细胞水平(P<0.05)显著低于不伴外周动脉栓塞组。伴外周动脉栓塞组中分别有92.3%、61.5%和76.9%的患者接受抗凝、抗血小板和免疫抑制剂治疗,均显著高于未合并外周动脉栓塞组患者(P<0.05)。根据治疗前后嗜酸性粒细胞水平变化,住院期间病例组和对照组患者分别有84.6%和56.5%的患者完全缓解,部分缓解率分别为15.4%和25.6%。结论伴外周动脉栓塞的HES患者中,周围神经和皮肤为常见受累脏器,血管栓塞以四肢动脉栓塞为主,经过激素、免疫抑制剂及抗凝和/或抗血小板治疗,该组患者预后良好。

足浴疗法对肾病综合征瘀血证患者凝血功能的影响

目的:观察足浴疗法对肾病综合征瘀血证患者凝血功能的影响。方法:选取70例肾病综合征患者,按随机数字表法分为治疗组及对照组各35例。对照组接受抗凝治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上采用中药足浴疗法治疗。比较2组临床疗效,比较2组治疗前后凝血指标[凝血酶原时间(PT)、国际化标准比值(INR)、部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、纤维蛋白原(FIB)、凝血酶时间(TT)、D-二聚体(DD)、PT正常对照值]、肾功能指标[血尿氮素(BUN)、血清肌酐(SCr)、血白蛋白、尿蛋白定量]的变化。结果:治疗组临床疗效为94.29%,对照组为80.00%,2组临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组PT、INR、APTT、DD、PT正常对照值水平组内、组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,2组FIB、TT水平均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),治疗组FIB、TT水平均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后,2组尿蛋白定量、BUN、SCr水平均较治疗前下降(P<0.05),血白蛋白水平均较治疗前升高(P<0.05);治疗组尿蛋白定量、BUN、SCr水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),血白蛋白水平高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:足浴疗法治疗肾病综合征瘀血证能够改善患者高凝状态和肾功能指标值,辅助抗凝治疗。

低分子肝素钙/磺达肝癸钠序贯联合双嘧达莫预防性抗凝在肾病综合征中的应用效果及安全性

目的探讨低分子肝素钙/磺达肝癸钠序贯联合双嘧达莫预防性抗凝在原发性肾病综合征(PNS)中的应用效果及安全性。方法回顾性选取2020年3月至2022年12月期间四川省凉山彝族自治州第一人民医院收治的188例PNS患者,根据肾穿刺活检病理结果及磷脂酶A2受体抗体分为膜性肾病组(n=73)与非膜性肾病组(n=115)。两组患者均根据血清白蛋白水平,采用低分子肝素钙或磺达肝癸钠序贯联合双嘧达莫抗凝。比较两组患者治疗前及治疗后4周、治疗后6个月的肾功能指标[白蛋白、尿素氮、血肌酐、肾小球滤过率(eGFR)和24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h PRO)],治疗前及治疗后4周的血栓弹力图指标[反应指数(R时间)、凝血时间(K时间)、血栓最大弹力度(MA)、凝血指数(CI)和α角],以及随访6个月记录血栓事件、出血事件。结果治疗后4周、6个月,两组的白蛋白、eGFR均较治疗前明显升高,尿素氮、血肌酐、24 h PRO均较治疗前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组治疗后各肾功能指标比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后4周,两组患者的R时间、K时间均较治疗前明显延长,MA、CI值和α角均较治疗前明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),但两组患者治疗后4周的R时间、K时间、MA、CI值和α角比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。膜性肾病组患者的血栓、出血事件发生率分别为6.85%、10.96%,均高于非膜性肾病组(0.87%、3.48%),但两组间血栓事件总发生率、出血事件发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论低分子肝素钙/磺达肝癸钠序贯联合双嘧达莫预防性抗凝有利于改善PNS患者的肾功能,缓解高凝状态,降低血栓栓塞事件发生率,且非膜性肾病患者获益较膜性肾病患者更明显,安全性更高。

原发性肝癌肝切除术后预防性抗凝对术后并发症的影响

目的探究原发性肝癌(PLC)患者术后预防性抗凝治疗能否降低术后并发症的发生风险,并探讨术后并发症的影响因素。方法收集2019年2月至2021年5月在海军军医大学(第二军医大学)第三附属医院接受PLC肝切除手术治疗的495例患者的临床资料,根据术后是否进行预防性抗凝将患者分为抗凝组(287例,术后接受预防性低分子肝素抗凝治疗)和常规治疗组(208例)。对比两组患者术后并发症发生情况,并采用logistic回归模型分析并发症发生的影响因素。结果495例患者肝切除术后总体并发症发生率为30.7%(152/495),按照发生率由高到低依次为感染(9.1%,45/495)、急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS;6.5%,32/495)、出血(6.3%,31/495)、肝切除术后肝功能衰竭(PHLF;6.1%,30/495)、静脉血栓栓塞症(VTE;2.8%,14/495)。抗凝组术后VTE、ARDS、PHLF发生率均低于常规治疗组[1.4%(4/287)vs 4.8%(10/208)、3.8%(11/287)vs 10.1%(21/208)、3.8%(11/287)vs 9.1%(19/208),均P<0.05],但两组间术后出血的发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄、门静脉高压、肿瘤数量是VTE的独立危险因素,门静脉高压、术中出血、术中输血、术前降钙素原是PHLF的独立危险因素,腹水、术前胆红素是ARDS的独立危险因素,而术后预防性抗凝是VTE、ARDS的独立保护因素(均P<0.05)。结论PLC患者肝切除术后预防性抗凝可以降低VTE、PHLF、ARDS的发生风险,且不会增加术后出血风险。年龄、门静脉高压、肿瘤数量、术中出血、术中输血、腹水、术前降钙素原、术前胆红素是PLC患者肝切除术后并发症发生的危险因素。