Effects of infusion of different fluids during controlled hypotension on gastric intramucosal pH and postoperative gastroenterological function

The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of infusion of different fluids combined with control-led hypotension on gastric intramucosal pH （pHi） and postoperative gastrointestinal function in patients undergo-ing hepatocarcinoma surgery. Forty-five patients （ASAⅡ） scheduled for surgical resection of hepatocarcinoma undergoing controlled hypotension were randomly assigned to three groups and received infusion of 20 mL/kg Ringer’s solution （R group）, 6% HAES（H group） or 6% Voluven group （W group）. Intragastric PgCO2, pHi, he-matocrit and hemoglobin were measured. The significant decrease of pHi and increase of PgCO2 were produced at 1 and 2 h after controlled hypotension in the R group （P 0.05 or P 0.01）. The time of bowel movement af-ter operation was shorter in the W group than the R group. Meanwhile, we also did not find obvious difference in blood gas indexes among the three groups. The infusion of HAES and Voluven during controlled hypotension could improve gastrointestinal perfusion and accelerate the recovery of postoperative gastrointestinal function.

Differential effects of controlled hypotension on gastric intramucosal pH and post-operational gastrointestinal functional under two different anesthesia methods

Objective： To observe the effects of controlled hypotension on gastric intrarnucosal pH and post-operational gastrointestinal functions using two specific anesthesia methods. Methods： Thirty patients（ASA II ）scheduled for ectomy of hepatocarcinoma, were randomly assigned to two groups： epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia group（E group） and inhalation anesthesia group（G group）. Gastric PgCO2 and phi were monitored at different time points, before theintravenous induction of controlled hypotension, after 1 h and 2 h, and 1 h after the termination of controlled hypotension. In the meanwhile, the artery blood gas was analyzed. Results： There was no significant difference in blood gas indexes between E group and G group. However, phi decreased significantly after I h and 2 h of controlled hypotension（P 〈 0.05）, and during the same periods PgCO2 increased significantly（P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01）, the time of bowel movement and defecating deferred significantly shorter in G group patients, when compared with E group patients. Conclusion： Epidural block in combination with general anesthesia can improve gastrointestinal blood flow during controlled hypotension and facilitates post-operational recovery of gastrointestinal functions.

Observation on the Efficacy of Autologous Blood Transfusion Combined with Controlled Hypotension in Patients with Spinal Internal Fixation during the Outbreak of New Coronavirus Pneumonia in Western Guangxi (in Guixi)

Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of autologous blood reinfusion combined with controlled hypotension in surgical spinal fixation during the outbreak of COVID-19. Methods: 30 patients with spinal internal fixation autologous blood transfusion combined with controlled hypotension were selected as the subjects during the epidemic period from December 2019 to June 2020 in our hospital and during the operation, on the basis of routine blood pressure reduction, the American Haemonetice Corporation autologous blood continuous reinfusion system was used to infuse the blood recovered during the operation to the patient through filtration and other procedures. Results: 30 patients had no complications such as fever and hemolysis;And after the operation, the tube was dialed according to the drainage volume, the cervical thoracic and lumbar brace was customized, and the patient walked on the ground for one week;After no abnormalities, the patient was discharged. Intraoperative comparison of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cells (RBC), red blood cell pressure (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB), and coagulation time (PT) of patients with autologous blood before and after transfusion showed statistically significant differences before and after surgery (P < 0.001). Conclusion: During the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, the internal fixation of spinal surgery used a recovery machine to collect intraoperative blood for reinfusion. Intraoperative antihypertensive drugs were used to control blood pressure within a certain safe range. The postoperative clinical observation effect was significant and safe;especially at present the clinical significance during the epidemic was significant.

Effect of lower leg compression during cesarean section on post-spinal hypotension and neonatal hemodynamic parameters: nonrandomized controlled clinical trial

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of lower leg compression during cesarean section (CS) on post-spinal hypotension (PSH) and neonatal hemodynamic parameters.Methods: This study is a nonrandomized controlled clinical trial conducted in the cesarean delivery unit of the National Medical institute,Damanhour,Egypt.The sample included 120 parturients (60 intervention and 60 control).The researchers developed three tools for data collection: sociodemographic data and reproductive history interview schedule,electronic monitoring of maternal hemodynamic parameters,and neonatal hemodynamic assessment sheet.All parturients received ordinary preoperative care.For the intervention group,a long elastic stocking (ordinary pressure 20-30 mmHg,1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) was applied on both legs during cesarean section.The control group received the same care without the elastic stocking.Results: Systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly higher in the intervention group throughout the entire operation period except in the last 5 -15 min.Heart rate was significantly lower in the intervention group.Only 13.3% of the intervention group took ephedrine compared with 45% of the control group.Apgar score was higher among neonates of intervention group compared with the control group at 1 min.Neonatal acidosis was significantly higher in the control group than in the contral group.Conclusion: Lower leg compression technique can effectively reduce PSH and neonatal acidosis.

Effect of Early Controlled Hypotension on Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury

Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of early controlled hypotensive therapy in patients with traumatic braininjury(TBI).Methods:68 patients with acute 1Bl in our hospital were selected for this investigation.They were evenly divided into a control group and an observation group according to the difference of blood pressure and basic level,whose lesion area after treatment,postoperative intracranial pressure after 2 d and 7d,and Gcs score of prognostic quality before and after treatment were made comparison.Results:The post-treatment lesion area of the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05);the postoperative intracranial pressure after 2d and 7d of the control group was better than the observation group(P<0.05),and the same with GCS score,which has statistical sigmificance(P< 0.05).Conclusion:Early controlled hypotensive therapy has a significant clinical effect on patients with brain trauuma,it can reduce the lesion area after treatment and postoperative intracranial pressure as well.

Effect of remimazolam vs. propofol on hemodynamics during general anesthesia induction in elderly patients: Single-center, randomized controlled trial

The current study aimed to compare the effects between remimazolam and propofol on hemodynamic stability during the induction of general anesthesia in elderly patients.We used propofol at a rate of 60 mg/(kg·h)in the propofol group(group P)or remimazolam at a rate of 6 mg/(kg·h)in the remimazolam group(group R)for the induction.A processed electroencephalogram was used to determine whether the induction was successful and when to stop the infusion of the study drug.We measured when patients entered the operating room(T_(0)),when the induction was successful(T_(1)),and when before(T_(2))and 5 min after successful endotracheal intubation(T_(3)).We found that mean arterial pressure(MAP)was lower at T_(1–3),compared with T_(0) in both groups,but higher at T_(2) in the group R,whileΔMAP_(T0–T2) andΔMAP_(max) were smaller in the group R(ΔMAP_(T0–T2):the difference between MAP at time point T_(0) and T_(2),ΔMAP_(max):the difference between MAP at time point T_(0) and the lowest value from T_(0) to T_(3)).Cardiac index and stroke volume index did not differ between groups,whereas systemic vascular resistance index was higher at T_(1–3) in the group R.These findings show that remimazolam,compared with propofol,better maintains hemodynamic stability during the induction,which may be attributed to its ability to better maintain systemic vascular resistance levels.

Versatile and controlled quantum teleportation network

A quantum teleportation network involving multiple users is essential for future quantum internet.So far,controlled quantum teleportation has been demonstrated in a three-user network.However,versatile and controlled quantum teleportation network involving more users is in demand,which satisfies different combinations of users for practical requirements.Here we propose a highly versatile and controlled teleportation network that can switch among various combinations of different users.We use a single continuous-variable six-partite Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)state to realize such a task by choosing the different measurement and feedback operations.The controlled teleportation network,which includes one sub-network,two sub-networks and three sub-networks,can be realized for different application of user combinations.Furthermore,the coherent feedback control(CFC)can manipulate and improve the teleportation performance.Our approach is flexible and scalable,and would provide a versatile platform for demonstrations of complex quantum communication and quantum computing protocols.

Effect Study of the Recombinant Human Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Patients with Heart Failure Combined with Hypotension

Objective: This paper aims to investigate the effect of applying recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure combined with hypotension. Recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide is a synthetic polypeptide drug that is primarily used to treat acute heart failure. Its mechanism of action closely mimics that of human endogenous brain natriuretic peptide. By binding to receptors on cardiomyocytes, it exerts its pharmacological effects. Methods: For the study, 76 heart failure patients with hypotension were selected from our hospital between May 2022 and June 2023. These patients were divided into two groups: a control group and an observation group, each comprising 38 patients. The control group received dopamine treatment, while the observation group was treated with recombinant brain natriuretic peptide. The objective was to compare the effects of the treatments in both groups by analyzing cardiac function indices and levels of vasoactive substances to identify any significant differences in outcomes. Results: The overall response rate of the patients in the observation group and the control group was 94.74% and 73.68%, significantly higher as compared with the observation group (P 0.05). After the following treatment, BNP, ANNP and urine output in the observation group were significantly different compared with the control group, of the statistical significance (P Conclusion: For the treatment of heart failure patients with hypotension, the clinical application of recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide is the most ideal, and significantly improves the cardiac function of patients, which is worth popularizing.

How completely are randomized controlled trials of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion reported? A systematic review

Purpose:The study aimed to examine the reporting completeness of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion.Methods:We searched MEDLINE,Embase,PsycInfo,CINAHL,and Web of Science up to May 2022.Two reviewers independently screened studies and assessed reporting completeness using the Template for Intervention Description and Replication(TIDieR),Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template(CERT),and international Consensus on Therapeutic Exercise aNd Training(i-CONTENT)checklists.Additional information was sought my study authors where reporting was incomplete.Risk of bias(ROB)was assessed with the Cochrane ROB-2 Tool.RCTs examining non-pharmacological interventions following concussion.Results:We included 89 RCTs(n=53 high ROB)examining 11 different interventions for concussion:sub-symptom threshold aerobic exercise,cervicovestibular therapy,physical/cognitive rest,vision therapy,education,psychotherapy,hyperbaric oxygen therapy,transcranial magnetic stimulation,blue light therapy,osteopathic manipulation,and head/neck cooling.Median scores were:TIDieR 9/12(75%;interquartile range(IQR)=5;range:5-12),CERT 17/19(89%;IQR=2;range:10-19),and i-CONTENT 6/7(86%;IQR=1;range:5-7).Percentage of studies completely reporting all items was TIDieR 35%(31/89),CERT 24%(5/21),and i-CONTENT 10%(2/21).Studies were more completely reported after publication of TIDieR(t_(87)=2.08;p=0.04)and CERT(t_(19)=2.72;p=0.01).Reporting completeness was not strongly associated with journal impact factor(TIDieR:rs=0.27;p=0.01;CERT:r_(s)=-0.44;p=0.06;i-CONTENT:r_(s)=-0.17;p=0.48)or ROB(TIDieR:rs=0.11;p=0.31;CERT:rs=0.04;p=0.86;i-CONTENT:rs=0.12;p=0.60).Conclusion:RCTs of non-pharmacological interventions following concussion demonstrate moderate to good reporting completeness,but are often missing key components,particularly modifications,motivational strategies,and qualified supervisor.Reporting completeness improved after TIDieR and CERT publication,but publication in highly cited journals and low ROB do not guarantee reporting completeness.

Controlled release of dexamethasone from fibrin sealant for intratympanic administration in inner ear therapy

The aim of the present work was to show the sustainability of fibrin sealant in releasing dexamethasone and adjust the protocol for clinical application of the novel method in the treatment of Meniere’s disease (MD) and sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL).Gelation occurred shortly after mixing dexamethasone-containing fibrinogen with thrombin.Dexamethasone was constantly released for at least 16 d at a stable level after 7d in protocol 1 (low-dose),while it was robustly released within 4 d and slowed afterward until 10 d in protocol 2(high-dose).There were significant differences among the time points in Protocol 2 (p<0.01,ANOVA),and the exponential model with the formula y=15.299*e~(-0.483*t) fits the association.The estimated concentration of dexamethasone released on 7 d in protocol 2 was slightly lower than that observed in protocol 1.The fibrin sealant is capable of constantly releasing dexamethasone with adjustable dynamics.Targeted and minimally invasive administration of the material can be achieved in the clinic by sequential injections of the fluids using a soft-tipped catheter.

Can Tibetan medicine Honghua Ruyi pills relieve endometriosisassociated dysmenorrhea?Protocol for a randomized placebocontrolled trial

Objective:To provide high-quality clinical evidence of the efficacy of Tibetan medicine Honghua Ruyi(HHRY)pills for endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea.Methods:This study constitutes a multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled trial encompassing a three-menstrual cycle intervention followed by a three-menstrual cycle follow-up period.A total of 164 eligible females with endometriosis-associated dysmenorrhea were randomly divided into HHRY pills and placebo groups in a 1:1 ratio.The primary outcome included dysmenorrhea symptoms assessed using Visual Analog Scale(VAS)scores and quality of life,whereas the secondary outcome measures included the maximum VAS for non-menstrual pelvic pain,duration of pain episodes(in days),frequency and quantity of the consumption of ibuprofen sustained-release capsules(or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs),and days off work/study for staff/student due to dysmenorrhea,ovarian cyst,and/or pelvic nodule size.The safety was monitored throughout the treatment period.All the analyses were based on the intention-to-treat principle.For continuous outcomes,simple or multiple linear regressions were used to estimate the differences between the HHRY pills and placebo groups,with categorical data expressed as the number and percentage of occurrences.Differences were compared using the chi-square test or Fisher's exact test.The predefined analysis was adjusted for concomitant treatment,a variable considered to be associated with outcomes but unaffected by treatment allocation.Estimates of treatment effects were reported with 95%confidence intervals.Two-tailed P values≤.05 were considered statistically significant.Conclusion:Positive results from this trial,upon completion would provide robust evidence for the efficacy and safety of HHRY pills in treating dysmenorrhea in patients with endometriosis.

Detachable string magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy for the noninvasive diagnosis of esophageal diseases:A prospective,blind clinical study

BACKGROUND Traditional esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD),an invasive examination method,can cause discomfort and pain in patients.In contrast,magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy(MCE),a noninvasive method,is being applied for the detection of stomach and small intestinal diseases,but its application in treating esophageal diseases is not widespread.AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of detachable string MCE(ds-MCE)for the diagnosis of esophageal diseases.METHODS Fifty patients who had been diagnosed with esophageal diseases were pros-pectively recruited for this clinical study and underwent ds-MCE and conven-tional EGD.The primary endpoints included the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for patients with esophageal diseases.The secondary endpoints consisted of visualizing the esophageal and dentate lines,as well as the subjects'tolerance of the procedure.RESULTS Using EGD as the gold standard,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and diagnostic accuracy of ds-MCE for esophageal disease detection were 85.71%,86.21%,81.82%,89.29%,and 86%,respectively.ds-MCE was more comfortable and convenient than EGD was,with 80%of patients feeling that ds-MCE examination was very comfortable or comfortable and 50%of patients believing that detachable string v examination was very convenient.CONCLUSION This study revealed that ds-MCE has the same diagnostic effects as traditional EGD for esophageal diseases and is more comfortable and convenient than EGD,providing a novel noninvasive method for treating esophageal diseases.

Effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide on cytokines in adolescents with subthreshold depression:a randomized controlled study

Strong evidence has accumulated to show a correlation between depression symptoms and inflammatory responses.Moreover,anti-inflammatory treatment has shown partial effectiveness in alleviating depression symptoms.Lycium barbarum polysaccharide(LBP),derived from Goji berries,exhibits notable antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.In our recent double-blinded randomized placebo-controlled trial,we found that LBP significantly reduced depressive symptoms in adolescents with subthreshold depression.It is presumed that the antidepressant effect of LBP may be associated with its influence on inflammatory cytokines.In the double-blinded randomized controlled trial,we enrolled 29 adolescents with subthreshold depression and randomly divided them into an LBP group and a placebo group.In the LBP group,adolescents were given 300 mg/d LBP.A 6-week follow up was completed by 24 adolescents,comprising 14 adolescents from the LBP group(15.36±2.06 years,3 men and 11 women)and 10 adolescents from the placebo group(14.9±1.6 years,2 men and 8 women).Our results showed that after 6 weeks of treatment,the interleukin-17A level in the LBP group was lower than that in the placebo group.Network analysis showed that LBP reduced the correlations and connectivity between inflammatory factors,which were associated with the improvement in depressive symptoms.These findings suggest that 6-week administration of LBP suppresses the immune response by reducing interleukin-17A level,thereby exerting an antidepressant effect.

Propofol sedation in routine endoscopy:A case series comparing target controlled infusion vs manually controlled bolus concept

BACKGROUND Many studies have addressed safety and effectiveness of non-anaesthesiologist propofol sedation(NAPS)for gastrointestinal(GI)endoscopy Target controlled infusion(TCI)is claimed to provide an optimal sedation regimen by avoiding under-or oversedation.AIM To assess safety and performance of propofol TCI sedation in comparison with nurse-administered bolus-sedation.METHODS Fouty-five patients undergoing endoscopy under TCI propofol sedation were prospectively included from November 2016 to May 2017 and compared to 87 patients retrospectively included that underwent endoscopy with NAPS.Patients were matched for age and endoscopic procedure.We recorded time of sedation and endoscopy,dosage of medication and adverse events.RESULTS There was a significant reduction in dose per time of propofol administered in the TCI group,compared to the NAPS group(8.2±2.7 mg/min vs 9.3±3.4 mg/min;P=0.046).The time needed to provide adequate sedation levels was slightly but significantly lower in the control group(5.3±2.7 min vs 7.7±3.3 min;P<0.001),nonetheless the total endoscopy time was similar in both groups.No differences between TCI and bolus-sedation was observed for mean total-dosage of propofol rate as well as adverse events.CONCLUSION This study indicates that sedation using TCI for GI endoscopy reduces the dose of propofol necessary per minute of endoscopy.This may translate into less adverse events.However,further and randomized trials need to confirm this trend.

Can propensity score matching replace randomized controlled trials?

Randomized controlled trials(RCTs)have long been recognized as the gold standard for establishing causal relationships in clinical research.Despite that,various limitations of RCTs prevent its widespread implementation,ranging from the ethicality of withholding potentially-lifesaving treatment from a group to relatively poor external validity due to stringent inclusion criteria,amongst others.However,with the introduction of propensity score matching(PSM)as a retrospective statistical tool,new frontiers in establishing causation in clinical research were opened up.PSM predicts treatment effects using observational data from existing sources such as registries or electronic health records,to create a matched sample of participants who received or did not receive the intervention based on their propensity scores,which takes into account characteristics such as age,gender and comorbidities.Given its retrospective nature and its use of observational data from existing sources,PSM circumvents the aforementioned ethical issues faced by RCTs.Majority of RCTs exclude elderly,pregnant women and young children;thus,evidence of therapy efficacy is rarely proven by robust clinical research for this population.On the other hand,by matching study patient characteristics to that of the population of interest,including the elderly,pregnant women and young children,PSM allows for generalization of results to the wider population and hence greatly increases the external validity.Instead of replacing RCTs with PSM,the synergistic integration of PSM into RCTs stands to provide better research outcomes with both methods complementing each other.For example,in an RCT investigating the impact of mannitol on outcomes among participants of the Intensive Blood Pressure Reduction in Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage Trial,the baseline characteristics of comorbidities and current medications between treatment and control arms were significantly different despite the randomization protocol.Therefore,PSM was incorporated in its analysis to create samples from the treatment and control arms that were matched in terms of these baseline characteristics,thus providing a fairer comparison for the impact of mannitol.This literature review reports the applications,advantages,and considerations of using PSM with RCTs,illustrating its utility in refining randomization,improving external validity,and accounting for non-compliance to protocol.Future research should consider integrating the use of PSM in RCTs to better generalize outcomes to target populations for clinical practice and thereby benefit a wider range of patients,while maintaining the robustness of randomization offered by RCTs.

Controlled-Release of Plant Volatiles:New Composite Materials of Porous Carbon-Citral and Their Fungicidal Activity against Exobasidium vexans

Citral(Eo)exhibits excellent fungicidal activities.However,it is difficult to maintain long-term fungicidal activity due to its strong volatility.Herein,a controlled-release strategy by using biomass-derived porous carbon(BC)was developed to overcome the drawback of Eo.New composite materials were prepared by loading Eo on tea stem porous carbon(BC@Eo),and their controlled-release fungicidal activity against Exobasidium vexans was assessed.BC with a large specific surface area of 1001.6 m2/g and mesoporous structure was fabricated through carbonization tempera-ture of 700℃.The BC@Eo materials were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction.The results suggested that chemical and physical interactions occurred in BC@Eo.The Eo release profile suggested a biphasic pattern with an initial fast release on days 1–14 and a subsequent controlled phase on days 14–30.The in vitro cumulative release percentage of Eo from BC@Eo was 51%during one month,and this result was significantly lower than that from free Eo(cumulative release percentage of Eo of 82%in one week).The anti-fungal activities of Eo and BC@Eo against E.vexans were determined using the inhibition zone method.The results indicated that Eo and BC@Eo formed large inhibition zones of 19.66±0.79 and 21.92±0.77 mm,respectively.The influence on the hyphal structure of E.vexans was observed by scanning electron microscopy on day 30.The hyphal structure of E.vexans treated with BC@Eo was more shrunken than that treated with Eo at 30 days,suggesting that BC@Eo prolongs the fungicidal activity against E.vexans.This study demonstrated that the encapsulation of Eo in BC for developing the BC@Eo materials could be a promising strategy to inhibit volatility and maintain the fungicidal activity of Eo and provide a potential alternative for the reuse of abundant tea biomass waste resources.

Benefits of Mindfulness Training on the Mental Health of Women During Pregnancy and Early Motherhood:A Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a mindfulness-based psychosomatic intervention on depression,anxiety,fear of childbirth(FOC),and life satisfaction of pregnant women in China.Methods Women experiencing first-time pregnancy(n=104)were randomly allocated to the intervention group or a parallel active control group.We collected data at baseline(T0),postintervention(T1),3 days after delivery(T2),and 42 days after delivery(T3).The participants completed questionnaires for the assessment of the levels of depression,anxiety,FOC,life satisfaction,and mindfulness.Differences between the two groups and changes within the same group were analyzed at four time points using repeated-measures analysis of variance.Results Compared with the active control group,the intervention group reported lower depression levels at T2(P=0.038)and T3(P=0.013);reduced anxiety at T1(P=0.001)and T2(P=0.003);reduced FOC at T1(P<0.001)and T2(P=0.04);increased life satisfaction at T1(P<0.001)and T3(P=0.015);and increased mindfulness at T1(P=0.01)and T2(P=0.006).Conclusion The mindfulness-based psychosomatic intervention effectively increased life satisfaction and reduced perinatal depression,anxiety,and FOC.

HAMILTON-JACOBI EQUATIONS FOR A REGULAR CONTROLLED HAMILTONIAN SYSTEM AND ITS REDUCED SYSTEMS

In this paper,we give the geometric constraint conditions of a canonical symplectic form and regular reduced symplectic forms for the dynamical vector fields of a regular controlled Hamiltonian(RCH)system and its regular reduced systems,which are called the Type I and Type II Hamilton-Jacobi equations.First,we prove two types of Hamilton-Jacobi theorems for an RCH system on the cotangent bundle of a configuration manifold by using the canonical symplectic form and its dynamical vector field.Second,we generalize the above results for a regular reducible RCH system with symmetry and a momentum map,and derive precisely two types of Hamilton-Jacobi equations for the regular point reduced RCH system and the regular orbit reduced RCH system.Third,we prove that the RCH-equivalence for the RCH system,and the RpCH-equivalence and RoCH-equivalence for the regular reducible RCH systems with symmetries,leave the solutions of corresponding Hamilton-Jacobi equations invariant.Finally,as an application of the theoretical results,we show the Type I and Type II Hamilton-Jacobi equations for the Rp-reduced controlled rigid body-rotor system and the Rp-reduced controlled heavy top-rotor system on the generalizations of the rotation group SO(3)and the Euclidean group SE(3),respectively.This work reveals the deeply internal relationships of the geometrical structures of phase spaces,the dynamical vector fields and the controls of the RCH system.

Characteristics of Xiao Chai Hu decoction based on randomized controlled trials: A bibliometric analysis

Objective:To explore the characteristics of Xiao Chai Hu(XCH)decoction in randomized controlled trials(RCTs)using a bibliometric method.Methods:Seven databases including PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane library,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Chinese Scientific Journal Database(VIP)and Wanfang database were retrieved from inception to May 27,2022.In the study,XCH decoction(or modified)used alone or combined with conventional Western medicine as an intervention measure was included.The basic characteristics,funding support,relevant diseases,intervention methods,and adverse events(AEs)were analyzed.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software.Results:A total of 813 RCTs were included,published from 1989 to 2022.There was only one Englishlanguage literature with the recent impact factor of 5.374.There were 147 studies were from Chineselanguage core journals,with the highest impact factor of 2.414.Only 6.15%of the literatures mentioned funding support.96.31%of the included literature reported the statistical significance of using XCH decoction.The diseases treated mainly included chronic hepatitis B(9.35%),cough variant asthma(5.66%),dizziness(5.54%),bile reflux gastritis(4.43%),and fever(4.18%).However,the overall research design of the included literature was poor,and large sample size,multicenter RCTs are needed.The incidence of AEs of XCH decoction alone was 8.86%,which was significantly lower than that of conventional Western medicine treatment.The combination of XCH decoction and conventional Western medicine treatment could reduce the incidence of AEs,and no serious adverse event was reported.Conclusion:Although the included studies show that XCH decoction is widely used,and has good efficacy and few AEs.Due to the low quality of the included RCTs,there may be some bias,and its rational use based on the specific conditions is recommended in clinical practice.

Safety and effectiveness of electromyography-induced rehabilitation treatment after epidural electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury:study protocol for a prospective,randomized,controlled trial

Epidural electrical stimulation is a new treatment method for spinal cord injury(SCI).Its efficacy and safety have previously been reported.Rehabilitation treatment after epidural electrical stimulation is important to ensure and improve the postoperative efficacy of epidural electrical stimulation in patients with SCI.Considering that electromyography(EMG)-induced rehabilitation treatment can accurately match the muscle contraction of patients with SCI,we designed a study protocol for a prospective,randomized controlled trial.In this trial,on the premise of adjusting the spinal cord electrical stimulator to obtain the maximum EMG signal of the target muscle,patients with SCI receiving epidural electrical stimulation will undergo EMG-induced rehabilitation treatment.Recovery of muscle strength of key muscles,quality of life,safety and therapeutic effects will be monitored.Twenty patients with SCI who are scheduled to undergo epidural electrical stimulation in Shanghai Ruijin Rehabilitation Hospital will be randomly divided into two groups with 10 patients per group.The control group will receive conventional rehabilitation treatment.The EMG-induced rehabilitation group will receive EMG-induced rehabilitation treatment of the target muscles of the upper and lower limbs based on conventional rehabilitation treatment.After rehabilitation treatment,follow up for all patients will occur at 2 weeks and 1,3 and 6 months.The primary outcome measure of this trial will be evaluation of target muscle recovery using the Manual Muscle Testing grading scale.Secondary outcome measures will include modified Barthel Index scores,integrated EMG values,the visual analogue scale,Spinal Cord Independence Measure scores,and modified Ashworth scale scores.The safety indicator will be the incidence of adverse events.This trial will collect data regarding the therapeutic effects of EMG-induced rehabilitation in patients with SCI receiving epidural electrical stimulation for 6 months after rehabilitation treatment.Findings from this trial will help develop rehabilitation methods in patients with SCI after epidural electrical stimulation.This study protocol was approved by Ethics Committee of Shanghai Ruijin Rehabilitation Hospital(Approval No.RKIRB2022-12)on February 15,2022 and was registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(registration number:ChiCTR2200061674;date:June 30,2022).Study protocol version:1.0.