基于文化自信的中外合作办学学科基础课“General Chemistry”课程思政建设探索与实践

“General Chemistry”是面向中外合作办学工科专业学生开设的一门学科基础课。为了提升教学质量,课程引入国外经典教材,在教学过程中面临外来文化的冲击和文化自信缺失的风险。因此,必须通过“General Chemistry”课程思政教学提升学生对自身文化的深度认同。本文中,“General Chemistry”课程思政建设坚持文化自信理念,积极挖掘中国思政元素,将中外思政元素合理融入到教学的每一个环节,不断助推课程思政教学内涵式发展,打造课程思政高效课堂,取得了较好的育人成效。

EphA3 deficiency in the hypothalamus promotes high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice

Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma A3(EphA3)is a member of the largest subfamily of tyrosine kinase receptors-Eph receptors.Previous studies have shown that EphA3 is associated with tissue development.Recently,we have found that the expression of EphA3 is elevated in the hypothalamus of mice with diet-induced obesity(DIO).However,the role of EphA3 in hypothalamic-controlled energy metabolism remains unclear.In the current study,we demonstrated that the deletion of EphA3 in the hypothalamus by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing promotes obesity in male mice with high-fat diet feeding rather than those with normal chow diet feeding.Moreover,the deletion of hypothalamic EphA3 promotes high-fat DIO by increasing food intake and reducing energy expenditure.Knockdown of EphA3 leads to smaller intracellular vesicles in GT1-7 cells.The current study reveals that hypothalamic EphA3 plays important roles in promoting DIO.

Insulin:A connection between pancreaticβcells and the hypothalamus

Insulin is a hormone secreted by pancreaticβcells.The concentration of glucose in circulation is proportional to the secretion of insulin by these cells.In target cells,insulin binds to its receptors and activates phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B,inducing different mechanisms depending on the cell type.In the liver it activates the synthesis of glycogen,in adipose tissue and muscle it allows the capture of glucose,and in the hypothalamus,it regulates thermogenesis and appetite.Defects in insulin function[insulin resistance(IR)]are related to the development of neurodegenerative diseases in obese people.Furthermore,in obesity and diabetes,its role as an anorexigenic hormone in the hypothalamus is diminished during IR.Therefore,hyperphagia prevails,which aggravates hyperglycemia and IR further,becoming a vicious circle in which the patient cannot regulate their need to eat.Uncontrolled calorie intake induces an increase in reactive oxygen species,overcoming cellular antioxidant defenses(oxidative stress).Reactive oxygen species activate stress-sensitive kinases,such as c-Jun Nterminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase,that induce phosphorylation in serine residues in the insulin receptor,which blocks the insulin signaling pathway,continuing the mechanism of IR.The brain and pancreas are organs mainly affected by oxidative stress.The use of drugs that regulate food intake and improve glucose metabolism is the conventional therapy to improve the quality of life of these patients.Currently,the use of antioxidants that regulate oxidative stress has given good results because they reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory processes,and they also have fewer side effects than synthetic drugs.

Cold exposure alters proteomic profiles of the hypothalamus and pituitary in female rats

Objective:Studies have shown that both short-term and long-term cold exposures disturb the biological process.The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of intermittent cold exposure on proteomic profiles in the hypothalamus and pituitary of female Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats.Materials and methods:The rats were exposed to-10°C in a cabin for 4 h per day,and the treatment lasted for 14 days.The comparative label-free LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to investigate the changes of proteomic profiles in the hypothalamus and pituitary.ELISA analysis was used to validate the expression of differential proteins.Results:22 differential proteins in the hypothalamus and 75 differential proteins in the pituitary were identified by the label-free proteomic analysis.Gene ontology annotation and enrichment analysis indicated that cold exposure disrupted protein phosphorylation,filopodium assembly,intracellular protein transport,peripheral nervous system neuron axonogenesis,spinal cord development,Golgi organization,positive regulation of pseudopodium assembly,and cell-cell adhesion.Three proteins(Cdc42,Ptprs,and Setd7)were down-regulated in the cold exposure group.Conclusion:The results indicate that intermittent cold exposure alters the proteomic profiles of hypothalamus and pituitary in female rats.

MXenes: Versatile 2D materials with tailored surface chemistry and diverse applications

MXenes,the most recent addition to the 2D material family,have attracted significant attention owing to their distinctive characteristics,including high surface area,conductivity,surface characteristics,mechanical strength,etc.This review begins by presenting MXenes,providing insights into their structural characteristics,synthesis methods,and surface functional groups.The review covers a thorough analysis of MXene surface properties,including surface chemistry and termination group impacts.The properties of MXenes are influenced by their synthesis,which can be fluorine-based or fluorinedependent.Fluorine-based synthesis techniques involve etching with fluorine-based reagents,mainly including HF or LiF/HCl,while fluorine-free methods include electrochemical etching,chemical vapor deposition(CVD),alkaline etching,Lewis acid-based etching,etc.These techniques result in the emergence of functional groups such as-F,-O,-OH,-Cl,etc.on the MXenes surface,depending on the synthesis method used.Properties of MXenes,such as electrical conductivity,electronic properties,catalytic activity,magnetic properties,mechanical strength,and chemical and thermal stability,are examined,and the role of functional groups in determining these properties is explored.The review delves into the diverse applications of MXenes,encompassing supercapacitors,battery materials,hydrogen storage,fuel cells,electromagnetic interference(EMI) shielding,pollutant removal,water purification,flexible electronics,sensors,additive manufacturing,catalysis,biomedical and healthcare fields,etc.Finally,this article outlines the challenges and opportunities in the current and future development of MXenes research,addressing various aspects such as synthesis scalability,etching challenges,and multifunctionality,and exploring novel applications.The review concludes with future prospects and conclusions envisioning the impact of MXenes on future technologies and innovation.

Discharge plasma for prebiotic chemistry: Pathways to life’s building blocks

Discharge plasmas, recognized as unique platforms for investigating the origins of chemical life, have garnered extensive interest for their potential to simulate prebiotic conditions. This paper embarks on a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the plasma-enabled synthesis of life’s building blocks, charting the complex environmental parameters believed to have surrounded life’s inception. This discussion elaborates on the fundamental mechanisms of discharge plasmas and their likely role in fostering conditions necessary for the origin of life on early Earth. We consider a variety of chemical reactions facilitated by plasma, specifically the synthesis of vital organic molecules - amino acids, nucleobases, sugars, and lipids. Further, we delve into the impact of plasmas on prebiotic chemical evolution. We expect this review to open new horizons for future investigations in plasma-related prebiotic chemistry that could offer valuable insights for unraveling the mysteries of life's origin.

Achieving asymmetric redox chemistry for oxygen evolution reaction through strong metal-support interactions

Water electrolysis poses a significant challenge for balancing catalytic activity and stability of oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts.In this study,we address this challenge by constructing asymmetric redox chemistry through elaborate surface OO–Ru–OH and bulk Ru–O–Ni/Fe coordination moieties within single-atom Ru-decorated defective NiFe LDH nanosheets(Ru@d-NiFe LDH)in conjunction with strong metal-support interactions(SMSI).Rigorous spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations indicate that single-atom Ru can delocalize the O 2p electrons on the surface and optimize d-electron configurations of metal atoms in bulk through SMSI.The^(18)O isotope labeling experiment based on operando differential electrochemical mass spectrometry(DEMS),chemical probe experiments,and theoretical calculations confirm the encouraged surface lattice oxygen,stabilized bulk lattice oxygen,and enhanced adsorption of oxygen-containing intermediates for bulk metals in Ru@d-NiFe LDH,leading to asymmetric redox chemistry for OER.The Ru@d-NiFe LDH electrocatalyst exhibits exceptional performance with an overpotential of 230 mV to achieve 10 mA cm^(−2)and maintains high robustness under industrial current density.This approach for achieving asymmetric redox chemistry through SMSI presents a new avenue for developing high-performance electrocatalysts and instills confidence in its industrial applicability.

Why the abnormal phenomena of D-band center theory exist?A new BASED theory for surface catalysis and chemistry

Since the D-band center theory was proposed,it has been widely used in the fields of surface chemistry by almost all researchers,due to its easy understanding,convenient operation and relative accuracy.However,with the continuous development of material systems and modification strategies,researchers have gradually found that D-band center theory is usually effective for large metal particle systems,but for small metal particle systems or semiconductors,such as single atom systems,the opposite conclusion to the D-band center theory is often obtained.To solve the issue above,here we propose a bonding and anti-bonding orbitals stable electron intensity difference(BASED)theory for surface chemistry.The newly-proposed BASED theory can not only successfully explain the abnormal phenomena of D-band center theory,but also exhibits a higher accuracy for prediction of adsorption energy and bond length of intermediates on active sites.Importantly,a new phenomenon of the spin transition state in the adsorption process is observed based on the BASED theory,where the active center atom usually yields an unstable high spin transition state to enhance its adsorption capability in the adsorption process of intermediates when their distance is about 2.5Å.In short,the BASED theory can be considered as a general principle to understand catalytic mechanism of intermediates on surfaces.

Teaching Status and Teaching Reform Ideas of Physical Chemistry Experiments for Food Quality and Safety Major

Physical chemistry experiments are an important branch of chemical experiments.In view of problems and shortcomings in physical chemistry experiment teaching of food quality and safety major in Chengdu University,the teaching methods of physical chemistry experiment course of food quality and safety major were explored and practiced,aiming to arouse students enthusiasm for experiments and cultivate their ability of independent learning,comprehensive thinking and independent problem solving.

Interfacial chemistry of anode/electrolyte interface for rechargeable magnesium batteries

Rechargeable magnesium batteries(RMBs),as a low-cost,high-safety and high-energy storage technology,have attracted tremendous attention in large-scale energy storage applications.However,the key anode/electrolyte interfacial issues,including surface passivation,uneven Mg plating/stripping,and pulverization after cycling still result in a large overpotential,short cycling life,poor power density,and possible safety hazards of cells,severely impeding the commercial development of RMBs.In this review,a concise overview of recently advanced strategies to address these anode/electroyte interfacial issues is systematically classified and summarized.The design of magnesiophilic substrates,construction of artificial SEI layers,and modification of electrolyte are important and effective strategies to improve the uniformity/kinetics of Mg plating/stripping and achieve the stable anode/electrolyte interface.The key opportunities and challenges in this field are advisedly put forward,and the insights into future directions for stabilizing Mg metal anodes and the anode/electrolyte interface are highlighted.This review provides important references fordeveloping the high-performance and high-safety RMBs.

Exploration of Ideological and Political Materials for the Course of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry for Environmental and Ecological Engineering Major

Integrating ideological and political theories teaching into the whole process of classroom teaching construction is a new requirement for implementing the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue and playing the role of collaborative education.In order to realize the seamless integration of inorganic and analytical chemistry courses and ideological and political education,this paper summarizes the current situation of ideological and political research on inorganic and analytical chemistry courses in three major databases in China(VIP,CNKI and Wanfang),and sorts out the knowledge points,ideological and political elements and educational goals according to the content of the course chapters,to provide a basic guarantee for the ideological and political education construction of the course.

Designing ultrastable P2/O3-type layered oxides for sodium ion batteries by regulating Na distribution and oxygen redox chemistry

P2/O3-type Ni/Mn-based layered oxides are promising cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)owing to their high energy density.However,exploring effective ways to enhance the synergy between the P2 and 03 phases remains a necessity.Herein,we design a P2/O3-type Na_(0.76)Ni_(0.31)Zn_(0.07)Mn_(0.50)Ti_(0.12)0_(2)(NNZMT)with high chemical/electrochemical stability by enhancing the coupling between the two phases.For the first time,a unique Na*extraction is observed from a Na-rich O3 phase by a Na-poor P2 phase and systematically investigated.This process is facilitated by Zn^(2+)/Ti^(4+)dual doping and calcination condition regulation,allowing a higher Na*content in the P2 phase with larger Na^(+)transport channels and enhancing Na transport kinetics.Because of reduced Na^(+)in the O3 phase,which increases the difficulty of H^(+)/Na^(+) exchange,the hydrostability of the O3 phase in NNZMT is considerably improved.Furthermore,Zn^(2+)/Ti^(4+)presence in NNZMT synergistically regulates oxygen redox chemistry,which effectively suppresses O_(2)/CO_(2) gas release and electrolyte decomposition,and completely inhibits phase transitions above 4.0 V.As a result,NNZMT achieves a high discharge capacity of 144.8 mA h g^(-1) with a median voltage of 3.42 V at 20 mA g^(-1) and exhibits excellent cycling performance with a capacity retention of 77.3% for 1000 cycles at 2000 mA g^(-1).This study provides an effective strategy and new insights into the design of high-performance layered-oxide cathode materials with enhanced structure/interface stability forSIBs.

Identified the hydrochemical and the sulfur cycle process in subsidence area of Pingyu mining area using multi-isotopes combined with hydrochemistry methods

Groundwater serves as an important water source for residents in and around mining areas.To achieve scientific planning and efficient utilization of water resources in mining areas,it is essential to figure out the chemical formation process and the ground water sulfur cycle that transpire after the coal mining activities.Based on studies of hydrochemistry and D,^(18)O-H_(2)O,^(34)S-SO_(4)isotopes,this study applied principal component analysis,ion ratio and other methods in its attempts to reveal the hydrogeochemical action and sulfur cycle in the subsidence area of Pingyu mining area.The study discovered that,in the studied area,precipitation provides the major supply of groundwater and the main water chemistry effects are dominated by oxidation dissolution of sulfide minerals as well as the dissolution of carbonate and silicate rocks.The sulfate in groundwater primarily originates from oxidation and dissolution of sulfide minerals in coal-bearing strata and human activities.The mixed sulfate formed by the oxidation of sulfide minerals and by human activities continuously recharges the groundwater,promoting the dissolution of carbonate rock and silicate rock in the process.

Defect chemistry engineering of Ga-doped garnet electrolyte with high stability for solid-state lithium metal batteries

Ga-doped Li_(7)La_(3)Zr_(2)O_(12)(Ga-LLZO)has long been considered as a promising garnet-type electrolyte candidate for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries(ASSLBs)due to its high room temperature ionic conductivity.However,the typical synthesis of Ga-LLZO is usually accompanied by the formation of undesired LiGaO_(2) impurity phase that causes severe instability of the electrolyte in contact with molten Li metal during half/full cell assembly.In this study,we show that by simply engineering the defect chemistry of Ga-LLZO,namely,the lithium deficiency level,LiGaO_(2) impurity phase is effectively inhibited in the final synthetic product.Consequently,defect chemistry engineered Ga-LLZO exhibits excellent electrochemical stability against lithium metal,while its high room temperature ionic conductivity(~1.9×10^(-3)S·cm^(-1))is well reserved.The assembled Li/Ga-LLZO/Li symmetric cell has a superior critical current density of 0.9 mA·cm^(-2),and cycles stably for 500 hours at a current density of 0.3 mA·cm^(-2).This research facilitates the potential commercial applications of high performance Ga-LLZO solid electrolytes in ASSLBs.

Expression of motilin in the hypothalamus and the effect of central eryth-romycin on gastric motility in diabetic rats

Objective To investigate the expression of motilin-immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus and the effect of central administration of erythromycin （EM） on the regulation of gastric motility in diabetic rats. Methods The motilin immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry with rabbit anti-motilin polyclonal antibody. To measure the gastric motility, force transducers were surgically affixed to the gastric serosa. A microinjection syringe was connected via a plastic tube to an injection cannula, which was connected with a stainless steel guide cannula. The syringe was inserted into the right lateral cerebral ventricle for microinjecting the chemicals. Results Diabetic mellitus was successfully induced in cohorts of rats. Motilin-immunoreactive neurons significantly increased in the paraventricular （PVN） and supraoptic nuclei （SON） of the hypothalamus in the diabetic rats. Intracerebroventricular （i.c.v.） administration of EM, a motilin receptor agonist, stimulated the gastric motility of diabetic rats. EM （91.56 nmol, i.c.v.） dose-dependently increased the amplitude by （174.82±48.62）% （P 〈 0.05）, and increased the frequency by （70.43±27.11）% （P 〈 0.05） in 5 min. The stimulatory effect lasted more than 15 min to the end of the measurement, and can be blocked partially by the prior treatment of motilin receptor antagonist GM-109. Conclusion Motilin-immunoreactive neurons are increased in the PVN and SON of the hypothalamus in diabetic rats. Centrally administered EM may regulate gastric motility by binding to the central motilin receptors, and central motilin might be involved in regulation of gastric motility in diabetic rats.

国外无机化学教材的研究——以Housecroft&Sharpe的Inorganic Chemistry(5th edition)为例

Catherine Housecroft和Alan G.Sharpe合著的Inorganic Chemistry是一本经历了时间检验的经典教材,其内容涵盖了无机化学的基础原理、元素化学、生物无机化学以及这些知识在催化、工业生产和材料等领域的应用。本文希望通过对该教材的介绍及其与国内教材的编写内容和排版等的对照分析,为国内无机化学的教材编写提供一些有价值的参考,同时为从事无机化学教学的教师提供一个选择参考教材的选项。

国外化学原理教材介绍——以Zumdahl的Chemistry(10th edition)为例

Zumdahl夫妇和DeCoste合著的Chemistry是一本在国内外广受赞誉的化学原理类教材。本文以此教材为例,介绍了国外化学原理类的教材。Chemistry这本教材内容既有广度同时也具有深度,具有可读性强、适用面广和拓展性强的特点。教材编写紧扣其培养学生化学思维和知识应用能力的基本理念,在内容和形式设计上运用了多种策略培养学生分析解决问题的能力和批判性思维能力。

Transcriptome responses to heat stress in hypothalamus of a meat-type chicken

Background： Heat stress has resulted in great losses in poultry production. To address this issue, we systematically analyzed chicken hypothalamus transcriptome responses to thermal stress using a 44 k chicken Agilent microarray, Methods： Hypothalamus samples were collected from a control group reared at 25℃, a heat-stress group treated at 34℃ for 24 h, and a temperature-recovery group reared at 25℃ for 24 h following a heat-stress treatment. We compared the expression profiles between each pair of the three groups using microarray data. Results： A total of 1,967 probe sets were found to be differentially expressed in the three comparisons with P 〈 0.05 and a fold change （FC） higher than 1.5, and the genes were mainly involved in self-regulation and compensation required to maintain homeostasis. Consistent expression results were found for 11 selected genes by quantitative real-time PCR. Thirty-eight interesting differential expression genes were found from GO term annotation and those genes were related to meat quality, growth, and crucial enzymes. Using these genes for genetic network analysis, we obtained three genetic networks. Moreover, the transcripts of heat-shock protein, including Hsp 40 and Hsp 90, were significantly altered in response to thermal stress. Conclusions： This study provides a broader understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying stress response in chickens and discovery of novel genes that are regulated in a specific thermal-stress manner.

Soy Isoflavone and Its Effect to Regulate Hypothalamus and Peripheral Orexigenic Gene Expression in Ovariectomized Rats Fed on A High-Fat Diet

Objective To explore the effect of soy isoflavone on obesity in the light of hypothalamus and peripheral orexigenic gene regulation. Methods Fifty-four female rats were randomly assigned to 6 groups： one sham-operated group （SHAM）, one ovariectomized （OVX） control group, three OVX groups fed with 400 ppm （L-SI）, 1 200 ppm （M-SI） and 3 600 ppm （H-SI） isoflavone respectively, and one OVX group receiving 0.45 ppm diethylstilbestrol （EC）. All rats were allowed to take high-fat diet for 4 weeks. Some neuropeptides were measured by RT-PCR. These neuropeptides included NPY, pro-opiomelanocortin （POMC）, cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript （CART）, orexin, melanin-concentrating hormone （MCH）, ting hormone precursor （P-MCH）, ghrelin, and leptin. Results Compared with the OVX control group, the body weight and food intake in the H-S1 group were reduced significantly and there was a significant dose-dependent manner in the 3 isoflavone groups. The results of RT-PCR showed that the NPY level in the 3 isoflavone groups was significantly increased and the POMC/CART gene expression decreased significantly in rats＇ hypothalamus compared with that in the OVX control group. However, the expression of orexin, MCH and P-MCH had no change. The peripheral grelin mRNA expression was higher in the 3 isoflavone groups, while leptin gene expression in the fat was not consistent. Conclusions This research showed that isoflavone could prevent obesity induced by high-fat diet and ovariectomy through regulating hypothalamus and peripheral orexigenic gene expressions associated with food intake.

Neuropeptide Y and leptin receptor expression in the hypothalamus of rats with chronic immobilization stress

In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats were immobilized to a frame for 3 hours a day for 21 days to establish a model of chronic immobilization stress. The body weight and food intake of rats subjected to chronic immobilization stress were significantly decreased compared with the control group. Dual-labeling immunofluorescence revealed that the expression of leptin receptor and the co-localization coeffient in these leptic receptor neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus were both upregulated, while the number of neuropeptide Y neurons was decreased. Chronic immobilization stress induced high expression of leptin receptor in the arcuate nucleus and suppressed the synthesis and secretion of neuropeptide Y, thereby disrupting the pathways in the arcuate nucleus that regulate feeding behavior, resulting in diminished food intake and reduced body weight.