Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in Glioblastoma Multiforme:a systematic review going beyond pathologic implications

Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is an aggressive primary brain tumor characterized by extensive heterogeneity and vascular proliferation.Hypoxic conditions in the tissue microenvironment are considered a pivotal player leading tumor progression.Specifically,hypoxia is known to activate inducible factors,such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha(HIF-1α),which in turn can stimulate tumor neo-angiogenesis through activation of various downward mediators,such as the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF).Here,we aimed to explore the role of HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes alone and in combination with other prognostic markers or clinical and image analysis data,as potential biomarkers of GBM prognosis and treatment efficacy.We performed a systematic review(Medline/Embase,and Pubmed database search was completed by 16th of April 2024 by two independent teams;PRISMA 2020).We evaluated methods of immunoassays,cell viability,or animal or patient survival methods of the retrieved studies to assess unbiased data.We used inclusion criteria,such as the evaluation of GBM prognosis based on HIF-1α/VEGF expression,other biomarkers or clinical and imaging manifestations in GBM related to HIF-1α/VEGF expression,application of immunoassays for protein expression,and evaluation of the effectiveness of GBM therapeutic strategies based on HIF-1α/VEGF expression.We used exclusion criteria,such as data not reporting both HIF-1αand VEGF or prognosis.We included 50 studies investigating in total 1319 GBM human specimens,18 different cell lines or GBM-derived stem cells,and 6 different animal models,to identify the association of HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes,and with other prognostic factors,clinical and macroscopic data in GBM prognosis and therapeutic approaches.We found that increased HIF-1α/VEGF expression in GBM correlates with oncogenic factors,such as miR-210-3p,Oct4,AKT,COX-2,PDGF-C,PLDO3,M2 polarization,or ALK,leading to unfavorable survival.Reduced HIF-1α/VEGF expression correlates with FIH-1,ADNP,or STAT1 upregulation,as well as with clinical manifestations,like epileptogenicity,and a favorable prognosis of GBM.Based on our data,HIF-1αor VEGF immunophenotypes may be a useful tool to clarify MRI-PET imaging data distinguishing between GBM tumor progression and pseudoprogression.Finally,HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes can reflect GBM treatment efficacy,including combined first-line treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors,thimerosal,or an active metabolite of irinotecan,as well as STAT3 inhibitors alone,and resulting in a favorable tumor prognosis and patient survival.These data were supported by a combination of variable methods used to evaluate HIF-1α/VEGF immunophenotypes.Data limitations may include the use of less sensitive detection methods in some cases.Overall,our data support HIF-1α/VEGF’s role as biomarkers of GBM prognosis and treatment efficacy.

Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 alpha in Lung Cancer: a Systematic Review with Meta-analysis

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha（HIF-1α） plays a vital role in the initiation, evaluation and prognosis in lung cancer. The prognostic value of HIF-1α reported in diverse study remains disputable. Accordingly, a meta-analysis was implemented to further understand the prognostic role of HIF-1α in lung cancer. The relationship between HIF-1α and the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of lung cancer were investigated by a meta-analysis. Pub Med and Embase were searched from their inception to January 2015 for observational studies. Fixed-effects or random-effects meta-analyses were used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of different comparisons. A total of 20 studies met the criteria. The results showed that HIF-1α expression in lung cancer tissues was significantly higher than that in normal lung tissues. Expression of HIF-1α in patients with squamous cell carcinoma was significantly higher than that of patients with adenocarcinomas. Similarly, non-small cell lung cancer（NSCLC） patients had higher HIF-1α expression than small cell lung cancer（SCLC） patients. Moreover, lymph node metastasized tissues had higher HIF-1α expression than non-lymph node metastasized tissues. A high level HIF-1α expression was well correlated with the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor in the NSCLC. Notably, NSCLC or SCLC patients with positive HIF-1α expression in tumor tissues had lower overall survival rate than patients with negative HIF-1α expression. It was suggested that HIF-1α expression may be a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for lung cancer.

Phosphatase and tensin homology deleted in chromosome 10,hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha gene expression in colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma and their relation to vascular endothelial growth factor protein expression

To examine phosphatase and tensin homology deleted in chromosome 10 (PTEN),hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) gene expressions and their relation to vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) protein expression in the patients with human colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas.Methods The expression of PTEN,HIF-1 alpha gene was detected by using in situ hybridization,and the VEGF expression levels by immunohistochemistry in colorectal adenomas and primary colorectal adenocarcinoma.Results Strong expression of HIF-1 alpha was detectable in the majority of colorectal dadenocarcinoma,particularly surrounding areas of necrosis in adenocarcinoma.PTEN,HIF-1 alpha mRNA and VEGF protein were positive in 51.6%,67.7% and 59.7% respectively in 62 cases of adenocarcinomas,and 77.8%,44.4% and 33.3% respectively in 18 cases of adenomas.The positive rate of VEGF was higher in the patients with colorectal adenocarcinomas than that in those with adenomas,whereas that of PTEN mRNA was contrary.HIF-1 mRNA expression was correlated significantly with lymph node metastasis,liver metastasis,Duke’s stage and recurrence.During colorectal tumor progression,the expression of HIF-1 alpha mRNA was positively correlated with the VEGF protein expression (χ2= 4.751 ,P<0.05),but negatively with the PTEN mRNA expression(χ2=21.84,P<0.01).Conclusion The absence or low expression of PTEN and the increased levels of HIF-1α and VEGF may paly an important role in carcinogenesis and progression of colorectal carcinoma.These results suggest that VEGF upregulated by HIF-1 alpha gene may be involved in angiogenesis of colorectal adenocarcinoma.4 refs,1 tab.

Expression of hypoxia-inducible factor la and vascular endothelial growth factor in hepatocellular carcinoma: Impact on neovascularization and survival

AIM: To study the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the impact on neovascularization and survival. METHODS: Expressions of HIF-1α, VEGF and microvessel density (MVD) are studied through immunohistochemistry in 36 cases of HCC and the corresponding paraneoplastic tissue and 6 cases of normal liver tissue. The relationship of the expressions of HIF-1α and VEGF with the clinicopathological data and survival are analyzed. RESULTS: The positive rate of VEGF in HCC was 32/36, which is significantly higher than that in paraneoplastic tissue and normal liver tissue (P<0.05). The expression of HIF-1aaaaaa in HCC tissue is 24/36, also higher than that in paraneoplastic tissue and normal liver tissue (P<0.05). The expression of VEGF and HIF-1α in HCC with microscopic venous invasion is significantly higher than that in HCC without microscopic venous invasion (P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis does not only show the expression of HIF-1α as correlated with the expression of VEGF (rs = 0.459, P<0.01), but it also shows the expression of HIF-1α and VEGF as correlated with MVD (rs=0.412 and 0.336, respectively, P<0.05). The differences of the survival rates among VEGF positive group and VEGF negative group are significant (P<0.05), whereas the differences of the survival rates among the HIF-1α negative group and positive group are not significant (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: HIF-1α plays important roles in neovascularization in HCC possibly through regulation of VEGF transcription.

Extracellular vesicles from hypoxia-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells alleviates myocardial injury by targeting thioredoxininteracting protein-mediated hypoxia-inducible factor-1αpathway

BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles(EVs)derived from hypoxia-preconditioned(HP)mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have better cardioprotective effects against myocardial infarction(MI)in the early stage than EVs isolated from normoxic(NC)-MSCs.However,the cardioprotective mechanisms of HP-EVs are not fully understood.AIM To explore the cardioprotective mechanism of EVs derived from HP MSCs.METHODS We evaluated the cardioprotective effects of HP-EVs or NC-EVs from mouse adipose-derived MSCs(ADSCs)following hypoxia in vitro or MI in vivo,in order to improve the survival of cardiomyocytes(CMs)and restore cardiac function.The degree of CM apoptosis in each group was assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labeling and Annexin V/PI assays.MicroRNA(miRNA)sequencing was used to investigate the functional RNA diversity between HP-EVs and NC-EVs from mouse ADSCs.The molecular mechanism of EVs in mediating thioredoxin-interacting protein(TXNIP)was verified by the dual-luciferase reporter assay.Co-immunoprecipitation,western blotting,and immunofluorescence were performed to determine if TXNIP is involved in hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha(HIF-1α)ubiquitination and degradation via the chromosomal region maintenance-1(CRM-1)-dependent nuclear transport pathway.RESULTS HP-EVs derived from MSCs reduced both infarct size(necrosis area)and apoptotic degree to a greater extent than NC-EVs from CMs subjected to hypoxia in vitro and mice with MI in vivo.Sequencing of EV-associated miRNAs showed the upregulation of 10 miRNAs predicted to bind TXNIP,an oxidative stress-associated protein.We showed miRNA224-5p,the most upregulated miRNA in HP-EVs,directly combined the 3’untranslated region of TXNIP and demonstrated its critical protective role against hypoxia-mediated CM injury.Our results demonstrated that MI triggered TXNIP-mediated HIF-1αubiquitination and degradation in the CRM-1-mediated nuclear transport pathway in CMs,which led to aggravated injury and hypoxia tolerance in CMs in the early stage of MI.CONCLUSION The anti-apoptotic effects of HP-EVs in alleviating MI and the hypoxic conditions of CMs until reperfusion therapy may partly result from EV miR-224-5p targeting TXNIP.

Long non-coding RNA CDKN2B-AS1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via E2F transcription factor 1/G protein subunit alpha Z axis

BACKGROUND A series of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)have been reported to play a crucial role in cancer biology.Some previous studies report that lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 is involved in some human malignancies.However,its role in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)has not been fully deciphered.AIM To decipher the role of CDKN2B-AS1 in the progression of HCC.METHODS CDKN2B-AS1 expression in HCC was detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.The malignant phenotypes of Li-7 and SNU-182 cells were detected by the CCK-8 method,EdU method,and flow cytometry,respectively.RNA immunoprecipitation was executed to confirm the interaction between CDKN2B-AS1 and E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1).Luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed to verify the binding of E2F1 to the promoter of G protein subunit alpha Z(GNAZ).E2F1 and GNAZ were detected by western blot in HCC cells.RESULTS In HCC tissues,CDKN2B-AS1 was upregulated.Depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells,and the depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 also induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.CDKN2B-AS1 could interact with E2F1.Depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 inhibited the binding of E2F1 to the GNAZ promoter region.Overexpression of E2F1 reversed the biological effects of depletion of CDKN2B-AS1 on the malignant behaviors of HCC cells.CONCLUSION CDKN2B-AS1 recruits E2F1 to facilitate GNAZ transcription to promote HCC progression.

Modified Shenlingbaizhu decoction reduces intestinal adenoma formation in adenomatous polyposis coli multiple intestinal neoplasia mice by suppression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α-induced CD4+CD25+forkhead box P3 regulatory T cells

OBJECTIVE： To test the hypothesis that modified Shenlingbaizhu decoction （MSD） attenuates the for- mation of intestinal adenomas by regulating activa- tion of CD4＋CD25＋ forkhead box P3 （FoxP3） regu- latory T cells （Tregs） by downregulation of hypox- ia-inducible factor la （HIF-la）. METHODS： Chemical fingerprints of ginsenoside Rbl, ginsenoside Rc, paeoniflorin, and dioscin in standard extractions were used as material bases of MSD. Adenomatous polyposis coli multiple intesti- nal neoplasia （ApcM＇n/＋） mice, which harbor a muta- tion in adenomatous polyposis coil, were used to host intestinal adenomas. Peripheral blood and spleen Tregs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Pro- tein expression was analyzed by immunohisto- chemistry and Western blotting. RESULTS： The number and size of intestinal adenomas were significantly reduced by MSD treatment. Mucosal thickening and the spleen size were also substantially decreased by MSD. The carcinogenesis process in Apc^min/＋ mice resembled that of human colorectal cancer. Molecular markers of neoplasms, such as 13-catenin, cyclooxygenase-2, prolif- erating cell nuclear antigen, and p53, were substantially ameliorated by MSD treatment. Moreover, MSD downregulated peripheral and spleen CD4＋ CD25＋FoxP3＋ Tregs and reduced in situ expression of CD4, CD25, and FoxP3 in intestinal adenomas. MSD also suppressed HIF-la expression in the intestinal adenomas, and HIF-la inhibition decreased expression of FoxP3 in Jurkat T cells under hypoxic conditions. CONCLUSION： MSD is a valid prescription to control the formation of intestinal adenomas in Apc^min/＋mice. It exerts anti-cancer effects partially through suppression of HIF-la that induced activation of CD4＋CD25＋FoxP3＋ Tregs in vivo and in vitro.

S100钙结合蛋白β与α突触核蛋白与帕金森病患者抑郁及运动障碍的关系

目的研究帕金森病(PD)患者血清S100钙结合蛋白β(S100β)及α突触核蛋白(α-syn)水平与患者抑郁及运动障碍的关系。方法选择2022年1月至12月聊城市人民医院收治的PD患者194例,根据汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分分为非抑郁组102例(0~13分)及抑郁组92例(≥14分)。运动障碍采用Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分级及统一帕金森病评定量表Ⅲ(UPDRS-Ⅲ)进行评分,用多因素logistic回归分析PD患者抑郁的独立危险因素,用Spearman相关性分析血清S100β及α-syn水平与患者抑郁及运动障碍的关系。结果抑郁组体质量指数低于非抑郁组,H-Y分级、UPDRS-Ⅲ评分、S100β、α-syn均高于非抑郁组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,H-Y分级、UPDRS-Ⅲ评分、S100β、α-syn为PD患者抑郁的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示,PD患者S100β水平与H-Y分级、UPDRS-Ⅲ评分呈正相关(r=0.698,P=0.005;r=0.637,P=0.011);α-syn水平与H-Y分级、UPDRS-Ⅲ评分呈正相关(r=0.654,P=0.021;r=0.611,P=0.035)。ROC曲线显示,S100β、α-syn诊断PD患者抑郁的截断值分别为486.65μg/L、3894.27 ng/L,曲线下面积分别为0.889(95%CI:0.812~0.923)、0.761(95%CI:0.714~0.828),S100β曲线下面积显著优于α-syn(P<0.05)。结论PD患者血清S100β、α-syn水平与其抑郁发生及运动功能障碍密切相关。

TSLP、HIF-1α、RANKL在义齿修复后种植体周围炎患者龈沟液中的表达及意义

目的研究胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(TSLP)、缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)、核因子-κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL)在义齿修复后种植体周围炎(PI)患者龈沟液中的表达及意义。方法回顾性选取2019年8月至2023年8月大同市第五人民医院收治的义齿修复患者86例作为研究对象,根据术后3个月是否发生PI将患者分为预后良好组(n=61)和预后不良组(n=25)。比较两组患者的临床资料及术前龈沟液TSLP、HIF-1α及RANKL水平,采用多因素Logistic回归分析对龈沟液TSLP、HIF-1α及RANKL水平与义齿修复患者术后发生PI的关系进行分析,采用受试者操作特征(ROC)曲线分析TSLP、HIF-1α及RANKL水平对义齿修复患者的预后评估价值。结果两组患者临床资料(性别、年龄、病程、义齿种植原因及种植颗数)比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。预后良好组患者的龈沟液中TSLP、HIF-1α、RANKL水平分别为(122.57±11.30)ng/L、(417.79±115.43)ng/mL、(116.02±13.45)pg/μL,均明显低于预后不良组[(138.93±12.70)ng/L、(576.55±177.60)ng/mL、(133.24±15.69)pg/μL],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析义齿修复患者预后,结果显示龈沟液中TSLP水平升高、HIF-1α水平升高和RANKL水平升高是义齿修复患者术后发生PI的独立危险因素(OR=1.119,95%CI:1.048~1.195;OR=1.007,95%CI:1.002~1.013;OR=1.065,95%CI:1.016~1.117;P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析龈沟液中TSLP、HIF-1α、RANKL水平预测义齿修复患者预后的价值,结果显示曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.833、0.786和0.809。其中,RANKL具有最高的特异度(0.852),而HIF-1α具有最高的敏感度(0.800),具有较好的预测价值(P<0.05)。结论龈沟液中TSLP、HIF-1α、RANKL水平升高是义齿修复患者术后并发PI的独立危险因素,且均具有较高的预测义齿修复患者预后的价值。

CD133、HER2、HIF-1α在胃癌组织中的表达及与患者Hp感染、淋巴结转移和预后的关系分析

目的探究中性粒细胞表面抗原(CD133)、人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)在胃癌组织中的表达及与患者幽门螺杆菌(Hp)感染、淋巴结转移和预后的关系。方法回顾性选取2020年1月至2021年1月在黄石市中心医院/湖北理工学院附属医院进行治疗的100例胃癌患者作为研究对象。所有患者中,存在Hp感染75例,未发生Hp感染25例;存在淋巴结转移45例,未发生淋巴结转移55例。随访2年,56例患者发生复发或死亡,纳入预后不良组,其余44例纳入预后良好组。取患者的胃癌组织及癌旁组织,对组织中CD133、HER2、HIF-1α表达情况进行比较,并探究CD133、HER2、HIF-1α表达情况与患者Hp感染、淋巴结转移和预后的关系,并采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析CD133、HER2、HIF-1α表达对预后不良的预测价值。结果胃癌组织中CD133、HER2、HIF-1α表达阳性率分别为81.00%、25.00%、66.00%,均高于癌旁组织(18.00%、4.00%、44.00%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。发生Hp感染的患者中胃癌组织的CD133、HER2、HIF-1α表达阳性率分别为74.67%、30.67%、72.00%,均显著高于未发生Hp感染患者(48.00%、8.00%、48.00%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。淋巴结转移患者胃癌组织的CD133、HER2、HIF-1α表达阳性率分别为93.33%、48.89%、80.00%,均高于未发生淋巴结转移患者(70.91%、5.45%、54.55%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。预后不良组患者胃癌组织的CD133、HER2、HIF-1α表达阳性率分别为83.93%、37.50%、75.00%,均显著高于预后良好组患者(47.73%、9.09%、54.55%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线结果显示,CD133、HER2表达阳性率对胃癌预后不良的预测曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.781、0.762,HIF-1α表达阳性率对胃癌预后不良的预测AUC值为0.602。结论CD133、HER2、HIF-1α在胃癌组织及发生感染Hp、淋巴结转移患者中存在高表达,且CD133、HER2表达对患者预后有一定预测价值。

益气升清方调节HIF-1α/NLRP3信号通路对缺血性脑卒中大鼠神经元焦亡的影响

目的 探究益气升清方调节缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)/NOD样受体热蛋白结构域相关蛋白3(NLRP3)信号通路对缺血性脑卒中大鼠神经元焦亡的影响。方法 将SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(S组),模型组(M组),益气升清方低、中、高剂量组(3.465、6.930、13.860 g/kg)及益气升清方高剂量+HIF-1α激活剂DMOG组(13.860 g/kg益气升清方+40 mg/kg DMOG),每组15只。采用线栓法构建脑卒中模型。造模成功后进行神经功能缺陷评估;TTC染色评估脑梗死体积;ELISA法检测血清白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-18水平;HE染色检测缺血皮质区病理变化;TUNEL染色检测神经元凋亡;Western blot检测焦亡及HIF-1α/NLRP3通路相关蛋白表达。结果 与S组比较,M组神经功能缺陷评分、梗死体积、IL-1β含量、IL-18含量、神经细胞凋亡率、胞膜穿孔蛋白D-N端(GSDMD-N)、胱天蛋白酶1(Caspase-1)、HIF-1α、NLRP3蛋白水平均上升(P<0.05);与M组比较,低、中、高剂量益气升清方组神经功能缺陷评分、梗死体积、IL-1β含量、IL-18含量、神经细胞凋亡率、GSDMD-N、Caspase-1、HIF-1α、NLRP3蛋白水平均下调(P<0.05);DMOG减弱了高剂量益气升清方对缺血性脑卒中大鼠神经元焦亡的改善作用。结论 益气升清方可能通过下调HIF-1α/NLRP3信号通路减轻缺血性脑卒中大鼠神经元焦亡。

不同方法联合放疗治疗薄型瘢痕疙瘩的疗效及对MMPs、HIF-1α、TGF-β1的影响

目的探讨不同方法联合放疗治疗薄型瘢痕疙瘩的疗效及对基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)及转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)的影响。方法回顾性选取2020年10月至2022年9月内蒙古医科大学附属肿瘤医院(内蒙古自治区肿瘤医院)整形外科收治的胸腹部瘢痕疙瘩患者62例(瘢痕疙瘩数94个),依据治疗方法不同分为激光联合放疗(LCR)组(30例,瘢痕疙瘩数47个)、手术联合放疗(SCR)组(32例,瘢痕疙瘩数47个)。LCR组行CO 2点阵LCR,SCR组行SCR。观察两组治疗12个月后临床疗效、复发情况。比较两组治疗前、治疗12个月后的患者与观察者瘢痕评估量表(POSAS)评分、温哥华瘢痕量表(VSS)评分、瘢痕组织基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-2、MMP-9、HIF-1α、TGF-β1等细胞因子水平的变化。结果LCR组总有效率(93.62%)大于SCR组(76.60%),复发率(4.26%)小于SCR组(19.15%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗12个月后,LCR组POSAS、VSS评分分别为(23.96±2.64)、(5.28±0.54)分,均低于SCR组[(33.96±3.59)、(6.55±0.68)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。LCR组瘢痕组织MMP-2、MMP-9及HIF-1α、TGF-β1表达量分别为111.65±13.55、106.76±12.68、1.24±0.14、1.10±0.12,均低于SCR组(127.96±14.71、121.08±14.33、1.55±0.17、1.22±0.13),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较(38.30%vs.46.81%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论LCR和SCR均可改善薄型瘢痕疙瘩症状,抑制瘢痕疙瘩复发,但LCR的治愈率更高,复发率更低,对瘢痕组织MMPs及HIF-1α、TGF-β1表达抑制作用更强,且安全性较高,值得临床推荐。

MiR-181c-5p对卵巢癌干细胞样细胞肿瘤血管生成拟态的作用及其机制

目的探讨miR-181c-5p对卵巢癌干细胞样细胞(OCS-LCs)肿瘤血管生成拟态(VM)的作用及其机制。方法采用无血清悬浮培养法将人卵巢癌细胞系OVCAR3细胞诱导形成OCS-LCs。将OVCAR3细胞分为A~C组,各组分别转染NC-miR-181c-5p、siRNA-miR-181c-5p和pRNA-miR-181c-5p。通过成球实验评估A~C组细胞成球能力。采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)方法检测A~C组细胞miR-181c-5p的相对表达量,采用Western blot实验检测A~C组细胞Oct-4、Nanog、HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白相对表达量。采用CCK-8实验检测A~C组细胞的活性,采用三维立体培养实验检测A~C组的血管形成率。结果OVCAR3细胞成功被诱导形成OCS-LCs。RT-qPCR实验结果显示,B组细胞的miR-181c-5p相对表达量显著低于A组,C组高于A组(t=2.25、8.68,P<0.05)。成球实验结果显示,B组与A组、A组与C组相比,细胞的成球周期显著缩短,最大的细胞球直径显著增大,成球率显著增加(t=5.56~33.66,P<0.05)。Western blot实验结果表明,B组与A组、A组与C组相比,Oct-4、Nanog、HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白相对表达量显著升高(t=4.51~56.15,P<0.05)。CCK-8实验结果显示,B组的细胞活性高于A组,C组低于A组(F=97.70~281.80,P<0.05)。三维立体培养实验结果显示,B组与A组、A组与C组相比较,血管形成率显著性提高(t=3.70、18.67,P<0.05)。结论miR-181c-5p可能通过降低细胞中HIF-1α和VEGF蛋白的表达,从而抑制OCS-LCs的VM形成。

食管鳞癌组织中EGFR、KRAS及PIK3CA基因突变的检测及其临床意义分析

目的分析食管鳞癌组织中表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)、Kirsten鼠类肉瘤病毒癌基因(KRAS)和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PIK3CA)基因的突变情况及其与患者临床特征的关系。方法选取2006年1月至2012年12月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院确诊的210例食管鳞癌患者的组织标本进行DNA提取和目标位点扩增,再利用一代测序的方法对EGFR18号和21号外显子、KRAS2号外显子、PIK3CA9号外显子进行测序,探讨各基因突变情况及其与临床病理特征的关系,并分析不同基因突变之间的相关性。结果210例食管鳞癌标本中EGFR基因突变率为27.14%,KRAS基因突变率为14.29%,PIK3CA基因突变率为18.59%,EGFR和KRAS双基因联合突变率为4.76%,EGFR和PIK3CA双基因联合突变率为5.71%,EGFR、KRAS、PIK3CA三基因联合突变率为1.43%。EGFR基因突变与性别、肿瘤直径、分化程度具有相关性(P<0.05),KRAS基因突变与肿瘤直径、分化程度、T分期、临床分期具有相关性(P<0.05),PIK3CA基因突变与性别、肿瘤直径、分化程度具有相关性(P<0.05),EGFR和PIK3CA联合突变与性别、肿瘤直径、分化程度具有相关性(P<0.05)。EGFR基因突变与KRAS基因突变具有相关性(P<0.05),而EGFR基因突变与PIK3CA基因突变之间无相关性(P>0.05)。结论食管鳞癌组织中EGFR基因突变率最高,PIK3CA基因突变率次之,KRAS基因突变率最低;EGFR与KRAS或PIK3CA基因突变联合检测具有一定的临床意义。

顺铂联合衣霉素对神经母细胞瘤的抑制作用及其机制

目的探究顺铂(DDP)联合衣霉素(TM)对人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y及SK-N-SH细胞的抑制作用及其机制。方法将人神经母细胞瘤SH-SY5Y及SK-N-SH细胞分为对照组、TM组(0.4mg/LTM处理24h)、DDP组(4mg/LDDP处理24h)和DDP+TM组(0.4mg/LTM+4mg/LDDP共处理24h)。采用CCK-8实验、平板克隆实验、划痕实验、Transwell实验分别检测各组细胞的细胞活力、增殖能力、迁移能力和侵袭能力,采用免疫印迹法检测各组细胞中JAK2-STAT3-HIF1α通路相关蛋白JAK-2、p-JAK2、STAT3、p-STAT3和HIF1α的表达水平。结果实验结果显示,DDP+TM组两种细胞的细胞活力、增殖能力、侵袭能力、第12及24小时时的迁移能力及JAK2-STAT3-HIF1α通路各蛋白表达水平均显著低于其他三组(tLSD=2.14~78.95,P<0.05)。结论DDP联合TM可通过JAK2-STAT3-HIF1α通路抑制神经母细胞瘤的增殖和迁移,该结果为神经母细胞瘤的治疗提供了新思路。

MFG-E8和GNA14在子宫内膜异位症相关性卵巢癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨乳脂球表皮生长因子8(MFG-E8)和G蛋白亚基α-14(GNA14)在子宫内膜异位症相关性卵巢癌(EAOC)中的表达及其临床意义。方法选取2015年5月—2017年5月华北医疗健康集团峰峰总医院EAOC患者51例(EAOC组)、非典型子宫内膜异位症(AEM)患者63例(AEM组)、卵巢型子宫内膜异位症(EMT)患者82例(EMT组)。收集所有患者的临床资料,并检测病变组织中MFG-E8、GNA14表达。对EAOC患者随访5年。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析EAOC患者的生存情况。采用多因素Cox回归分析评估EAOC患者死亡的危险因素。结果EAOC组MFG-E8阳性率为82.35%、GNA14阳性率为70.59%,均显著高于AEM组(41.27%、44.44%)和EMT组(25.61%、23.17%)(P<0.001)。MFG-E8高表达组和低表达组肿瘤直径、肿瘤级别、国际妇产科联合会(FIGO)分期、淋巴转移情况差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。GNA14高表达组和低表达组淋巴转移情况差异有统计学意义(P=0.009)。Kaplan-Meier生存曲线分析结果显示,MFG-E8高表达组和GNA14高表达组无进展生存期分别短于MFG-E8低表达组和GNA14低表达组(P<0.05)。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,FIGO分期Ⅱ期、淋巴转移、MFG-E8高表达、GNA14高表达是EAOC患者死亡的独立危险因素[风险比(HR)值分别为2.337、2.519、3.133、3.080,95%可信区间(CI)分别为1.258~4.342、1.332~4.764、1.381~7.108、1.318~7.197,P<0.01]。结论MFG-E8、GNA14在EAOC患者癌组织中呈高表达,且与患者预后不良密切相关,或可作为EAOC患者的预后评估指标。

吡非尼酮对肾纤维化大鼠的治疗作用及分子机制

目的探讨吡非尼酮(PFD)对肾纤维化大鼠肾脏的治疗作用及机制。方法30只SD大鼠随机均分为对照组、模型组及治疗组,后2组大鼠腹腔注射50%四氯化碳(CCl_(4))油溶液建立肾纤维化模型,对照组腹腔注射等体积橄榄油,持续5周;造模结束,治疗组大鼠PFD水溶液灌胃给药,模型组和对照组大鼠同剂量生理盐水灌胃,持续4周;干预期间每天观察大鼠活动、进食饮水、毛发颜色以及大小便情况,于干预前以及干预第2、5、7及9周最后1次给药24 h后对大鼠进行称重并记录大鼠体质量及一般情况;干预第9周末处死各组大鼠,取心脏血检测血清尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)及尿酸(UA)含量,取肾脏组织采用苏木素伊红染色(HE)和Masson染色观察各组大鼠肾组织损伤和纤维化程度,采用蛋白免疫印迹法检测各组大鼠肾脏组织中沉默信息调节因子3(SIRT3)、缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、Ⅰ型胶原(ColⅠ)、Ⅲ型胶原(ColⅢ)、金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子1(TIMP1)及基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP2)蛋白的表达。结果与对照组比较,模型组大鼠肾功能损伤和纤维化明显,血清BUN、Scr及UA含量降低(P<0.05),肾组织中HIF-1α、TGF-β1、α-SMA、ColⅠ、ColⅢ及TIMP1蛋白表达增高(P<0.05),MMP2和SIRT3蛋白表达降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,治疗组大鼠肾功能损伤和纤维化程度减轻,血清肾功能BUN、Scr、UA含量增高(P<0.05),肾组织中HIF-1α、TGF-β1、α-SMA、ColⅠ、ColⅢ及TIMP1蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),MMP2和SIRT3蛋白表达增高(P<0.05)。结论PFD可减轻肾纤维化大鼠肾功能损害和纤维化程度,其机制可能与上调SIRT3蛋白表达有关。

丁苯酞软胶囊联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗急性脑梗死患者的临床观察及对血清HIF-1α、Lp-PLA、Sestrin2水平的影响

目的探究丁苯酞软胶囊联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗急性脑梗死患者的疗效及对血清缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)、脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA)、应激诱导蛋白2(Sestrin2)水平的影响。方法前瞻性选取2021年1月至2022年12月在秦皇岛市第一医院治疗的急性脑梗死患者101例作为研究对象,按照信封法将患者分为对照组(n=50)和研究组(n=51)。对照组行常规治疗并瑞舒伐他汀治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合丁苯酞软胶囊治疗。统计分析两组患者治疗前及治疗14 d后的美国国立卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、FuglMeyer评测法(FMA)评分、改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分、血流动力学指标(血浆黏度、全血高切黏度、低切黏度、红细胞压积、红细胞变形指数)、血清HIF-1α、Lp-PLA、Sestrin2水平并比较临床疗效的组间差异。结果治疗14 d后,两组患者的NIHSS评分和mRS评分均较治疗前降低,FMA较治疗前升高,且研究组患者的NIHSS评分和mRS评分分别为(4.03±0.38)、(3.01±0.45)分,均低于对照组,FMA为(80.64±9.16)分,高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗14 d后,两组患者的血浆黏度、全血高切黏度、低切黏度、红细胞压积均较治疗前降低,红细胞变形指数均较治疗前升高,且研究组的血浆黏度、全血高切黏度、低切黏度、红细胞压积分别为(1.56±0.33)mPa·s、(4.78±0.31)mPa·s、(9.81±0.64)mPa·s、(0.37±0.05)%,均低于对照组,红细胞变形指数为0.78±0.11,高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗14 d后,两组患者的血清HIF-1α、Lp-PLA、Sestrin2水平均降低,且研究组患者血清HIF-1α、Lp-PLA、Sestrin2水平分别为(690.56±65.12)ng/mL、(13.65±2.13)μg/L、(11.33±1.45)ng/mL,均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组近期疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组总有效率为90.20%,高于对照组(64.00%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用丁苯酞软胶囊联合瑞舒伐他汀治疗急性脑梗死患者可显著提高患者临床治疗效果,提高肢体活动能力,缓解神经功能损伤,降低血清HIF-1α、Lp-PLA、Sestrin2水平,具有较高的临床应用潜力。

急性呼吸窘迫综合征患儿外周血单个核细胞中CD73、HIF-1α的表达及其临床意义

目的探究急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患儿外周血单个核细胞(PBMCs)中5′胞外核苷酸酶(CD73)、缺氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)的表达及其临床意义。方法选取2022年2月至2023年4月广安市人民医院收治的117例ARDS患儿为研究对象,根据病情严重程度分为轻症组(n=27)、中症组(n=38)和重症组(n=52)。比较3组患儿PBMCs中CD73、HIF-1α表达水平及肺部感染指数(CPIS)评分。采用Pearson相关系数分析CD73、HIF-1α表达水平与CPIS评分的相关性。治疗后随访3个月,根据患儿生存状况分为生存组(n=34)和死亡组(n=83),比较两组患儿PBMCs中CD73、HIF-1α表达水平,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估PBMCs中CD73、HIF-1α表达水平对ARDS患儿预后的诊断价值。结果轻症组PBMCs中CD73、HIF-1α表达水平分别为0.44±0.06、0.60±0.11、(4.82±0.81)分,均显著低于中症组[0.53±0.10、0.76±0.14、(6.33±1.02)分]、重症组[0.62±0.07、0.89±0.08、(7.03±1.14)分],中症组PBMCs中CD73、HIF-1α表达水平均显著低于重症组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Pearson相关系数分析结果显示,CD73、HIF-1α相对表达水平与CPIS评分均呈显著正相关(r=0.623、0.687,P<0.05)。生存组PBMCs中CD73、HIF-1α表达水平分别为0.53±0.08、0.74±0.15,显著低于死亡组(0.60±0.08、0.88±0.09),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析结果显示,CD73、HIF-1α单独及联合预测ARDS患儿预后的敏感度分别为79.41%、85.29%、94.12%,曲线下面积(AUC)为0.746、0.801、0.843,联合检测预测价值更高。结论ARDS患儿PBMCs中CD73、HIF-1α表达水平随疾病严重程度增加而升高,且与患儿肺部感染呈显著相关性,检测患儿PBMCs中CD73、HIF-1α表达水平对预后具有较高的诊断价值。

Hypoxia inducible factor in hepatocellular carcinoma:A therapeutic target

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and deadly cancers worldwide; its incidence has been rising in the United States due to the increase in hepatitis C associated cirrhosis and the growing epidemic of obesity. There have been no effective therapeutic options in the advanced disease setting beyond sorafenib, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that showed significant survival benefit. Because of this, there is an urgent need to search for novel pathways in sorafenib experienced patients. This review will focus on the role of hypoxia and hypoxiainducible factor alpha(HIF-1α) in cancer development, specifically in HCC. We will discuss the biology of HIF-1α, the pathways with which it interacts, and the function of HIF-1α in HCC. Furthermore, we will review studies highlighting the relevance of HIF-1α in the clinical setting, as well as the pre-clinical data supporting its further investigation. Finally, we will conclude with a discussion of the potential role of a HIF-1α m RNA antagonist for the treatment of HCC, and hypothesize the ways in which such an inhibitor may be best utilized in the management of advanced HCC. Hypoxia plays a significant role in the development of HCC. HIF-1α is a key transcription factor involved in the hypoxic response of cancer cells. It activates transcription of genes responsible for angiogenesis, glucose metabolism, proliferation, invasion and metastasis in HCC. Its involvement in multiple, essential tumor pathways makes it an attractive potential therapeutic target in HCC.