Design and Research of High-throughput Automation System for Food Testing Laboratory

In the process of food testing,human operation is an important variable affecting the experimental results.In order to reasonably avoid the influence of human subjective operation behavior on the accuracy of detection results,the laboratory information management system was used as the information platform to design a high-throughput laboratory automation pre-treatment system based on the deep integration of mechanical principles,visual analysis,high-speed conduction,intelligent storage and other technical systems.The experimental results showed that the system could shorten the sample circulation cycle,effectively improve the laboratory biosafety,and meet the requirements of high-throughput processing of samples.

Contribution of Automated Antigen Tests, the LumiraDx Ag Test in the Response during the Second Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangui

Context and objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has become a major public health problem and has mobilized many innovative means of diagnosis. The Central African Republic is not spared. The emergence of variants and their impact require health monitoring despite the obligation of vaccination. The purpose of this campaign was to determine the circulation of pending second-wave variants. Patients and Methods: A second mass screening campaign took place from 02 to 22 July 2021 in the main land and river entry points of Bangui (Exit North-PK12, Exit South-PK9, Port Beach) and at the LNBCSP. Antigenic and RT-PCR tests carried out on nasopharyngeal samples made it possible to select strains which were finally sequenced. Results: Of 2687 participants included in the study, 53 (1.97%) were positive for SARS-CoV-2. Thirteen (1.53%) were male and 40 (2.18%) female. The analyses carried out on the LumiraDx analyzer were positive for 109 samples against 53 on the RT-PCR. The prevalence was higher in the most tested age groups (30 to 50 years) with two clusters identified. B.1.617.2 (Delta) variants were predominant (57%). Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 continues to circulate. The acquisition of automated antigenic tests (LumiraDx&#174) with sensitivity and specificity close to those of the reference test (RT-PCR) will allow better mass diagnosis for an optimization of the surveillance of COVID-19 in our countries with limited resources. The predominance of the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant would suggest a third wave in the Central African Republic.

Automated Testing Framework for ODBC Driver

At first, the core ideology, advantage and principle of Software Testing Automation Framework (STAF) are presented in this paper. Several automated testing frameworks are summarized and analyzed. In addition, date driven automation test framework is given more attention. Test script is the important composing part of software test automation. Then this paper introduces several technologies of script along with their characteristics. Every technology applies to different places. Moreover, an automated test system with an automated test script language XML which is implemented to solve the problems in current automatic testing solutions. The design and implantation of the test script automation framework based on apache ant is put forward. The proposed key technology details of framework are also introduced. We take the automation test methodology of database connectivity operations by ODBC data source as example for validation, using auto test script as the key technology. Finally, the results demonstrate that it can best increase software test effectiveness and reduce workloads as well as save more efforts.

A smartphone-based automated fluorescence analysis system for point-of-care testing of Hg(Ⅱ)

This work demonstrates a smartphone-based automated fluorescence analysis system(SAFAS)for point-of-care testing(POCT)of Hg(Ⅱ).This system consists of three modules.The smartphone module is used to provide an excitation light source,and to collect and analyze fluorescent images.The dark box module is applied to integrate the desired optical elements and offers a dark environment.The cost of the integrated dark box mainly includes the upper cover,box body,lower bottom,¯xture and some optical elements which is about$109.The chip module is used for fluorescence sensing,which is composed of an upper plate,bottom plate and cloth-based chip.Due to the integration of multiple smartphone functions,the SAFAS eliminates the need for additional power sources,light sources and analysis systems.The dark box and upper and bottom plates are made by 3D printer.The cloth-based chip(about$0.005 for each chip)is fabricated using the wax screenprinting technique,with no need for expensive and complex fabrication equipments.To our knowledge,the cloth-based microfluidic fluorescence detection method combined with smartphone functions is first reported.By using optimal conditions,the designed system can realize the quantitative detection of Hg(Ⅱ),which has a linear range of 0.001–100μgmL^(-1)and a detection limit of 0.5 ngmL^(-1).Additionally,the SAFAS has been successfully applied for detecting Hg(Ⅱ)in actual water samples,with recoveries of 100.1%–111%,RSDs of 3.88%–9.74%,and fast detection time of about 1 min.Obviously,the proposed SAFAS has the advantages of high sensitivity,wide dynamic range,acceptable reproducibility,good stability and low cost.Therefore,it is believed that the presented SAFAS has great potential to perform the POCT of Hg(II)in different water samples.

A Full Mission Simulator of the Ship＇s Automated Electric Power System for Training and Competence Testing of Marine Engineers

This article describes practical preparation of marine engineers on the full mission simulator complex of the ship＇s automated electrical power plant. A full mission simulator complex of the ship＇s automated power management system meets International Convention STCW （Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping） 78 （with Manila amendments 2010） requirements in part of adequate reproduction of its operational modes corresponding to the actual configuration and layout of the ship＇s automated power management system with real consumers and typical loads. The simulator is fully consistent with the goals and objectives of the practical training, as well as the goals and objectives of proficiency testing engine department officers on issues of technical maintenance of real ship＇s equipment （high voltage installations included） and means of automation. The simulator＇s complex is designed for training and proficiency testing of cadets and students of maritime educational institutions, as well as training and proficiency testing of marine specialists （mechanics and electricians） by watch-keeping and maintenance of modem integrated automated control systems of ship＇s electric power plant and the individual ship electromechanical systems, including high-voltage systems. A simulator＇s complex provides adequate reproduction of operational situations on technical side of real ship electric and automation equipment provides training on monitoring, control and management diesel-generator sets in hand, semi-automatic and automatic modes of power station, control and management of electromechanical systems, as well as the set of tasks upon parameterization, visualization and etc. Besides number of combinations of monitoring, control and management tasks, the simulator＇s complex provides an opportunity to simulate various practical fault conditions. It allows students to focus on the work of automatic control system in emergency situations and to work out correct actions for a watch-keeper on searching, localizing of faults and troubleshooting of equipment.

AN AUTOMATED TESTING NETWORK SYSTEM FOR PAPER LABORATORY BASED ON CAN BUS

This paper presents an automated testing network system for paper laboratory based on CAN bus. The overall architecture, hardware interface and software function are discussed in detail. It is indicated through experiment that the system can collect, analyze and store the test results from the various measuring instruments in the paper lab automatically. The simple, reliable, low-cost measuring automation system will have a prosperous application in the future paper industry.

Semi-Automated Enzymatic Determination of Ethanol in Beverages: Collaborative Study for RIDA®CUBE Ethanol

Easy and quick methods to quantify ethanol reliably in beverages are always important. In 2022, the EnzytecTM Liquid Ethanol test kit was approved as AOAC Official MethodSM 2017.07 Final Action after a collaborative study was conducted with different beverages such as kombucha, juices, and beer. During set-up of this collaborative test, small sized companies asked to include the RIDA®CUBE Ethanol/RIDA®CUBE SCAN device since it is easy to use, suitable for a few samples only and contains the identical reagents as the EnzytecTM Liquid system. It is applicable to quantify ethanol in diluted kombucha, fruit juices, and alcohol-free beer samples around 0.5% alcohol-by-volume within 12 min. The overall relative reproducibility standard deviation across a wide concentration range for kombucha, was calculated to be 6.29%. Analysis of juices and beer showed an overall higher variation with an estimated overall RSD(R) value by regression of 14.4%. The data obtained by this collaborative study show that the RIDA®CUBE Ethanol in combination with the RIDA®CUBE SCAN device is suitable to quantify ethanol from matrices representing important alcohol-free liquid food categories.

Automated Flight Test and System Identification for Rotary Wing Small Aerial Platform Using Frequency Responses Analysis

This paper proposes an autopilot system that can be used to control the small scale rotorcraft during the flight test for linear-frequency-domain system identification. The input frequency-sweep is generated automatically as part of the autopilot control command. Therefore the bandwidth coverage and consistency of the frequency-sweep are guaranteed to produce high quality data for system identification. Beside that, we can set the safety parameters during the flight test （maximum roll/pitch value, minimum altitude, etc.） so the safety of the whole flight test is guaranteed. This autopilot system is validated using hardware in the loop simulator for hover flight condition.

Methodical Approach to Integrate Human Movement Diversity in Real-Time into a Virtual Test Field for Highly Automated Vehicle Systems

Recently, virtual realities and simulations play important roles in the development of automated driving functionalities. By an appropriate abstraction, they help to design, investigate and communicate real traffic scenario complexity. Especially, for edge cases investigations of interactions between vulnerable road users (VRU) and highly automated driving functions, valid virtual models are essential for the quality of results. The aim of this study is to measure, process and integrate real human movement behaviour into a virtual test environment for highly automated vehicle functionalities. The overall system consists of a georeferenced virtual city model and a vehicle dynamics model, including probabilistic sensor descriptions. By motion capture hardware, real humanoid behaviour is applied to a virtual human avatar in the test environment. Through retargeting methods, which enable the independency of avatar and person under test (PuT) dimensions, the virtual avatar diversity is increased. To verify the biomechanical behaviour of the virtual avatars, a qualitative study is performed, which funds on a representative movement sequence. The results confirm the functionality of the used methodology and enable PuT independence control of the virtual avatars in real-time.

Review of Model-Based Testing Approaches in Production Automation and Adjacent Domains—Current Challenges and Research Gaps

As production automation systems have been and are becoming more and more complex, the task of quality assurance is increasingly challenging. Model-based testing is a research field addressing this challenge and many approaches have been suggested for different applications. The goal of this paper is to review these approaches regarding their suitability for the domain of production automation in order to identify current trends and research gaps. The different approaches are classified and clustered according to their main focus which is either testing and test case generation from some form of model automatons, test case generation from models used within the development process of production automation systems, test case generation from fault models or test case selection and regression testing.

Analysis of Autopilot Disengagements Occurring During Autonomous Vehicle Testing

In present-day highly-automated vehicles, there are occasions when the driving system disengages and the human driver is required to take-over. This is of great importance to a vehicle's safety and ride comfort. In the U.S state of California, the Autonomous Vehicle Testing Regulations require every manufacturer testing autonomous vehicles on public roads to submit an annual report summarizing the disengagements of the technology experienced during testing. On 1 January 2016,seven manufacturers submitted their first disengagement reports:Bosch, Delphi, Google, Nissan, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, and Tesla Motors. This work analyses the data from these disengagement reports with the aim of gaining abetter understanding of the situations in which a driver is required to takeover, as this is potentially useful in improving the Society of Automotive Engineers(SAE) Level 2 and Level 3 automation technologies.Disengagement events from testing are classified into different groups based on attributes and the causes of disengagement are investigated and compared in detail. The mechanisms and time taken for take-over transition occurred in disengagements are studied. Finally, recommendations for OEMs, manufacturers, and government organizations are also discussed.

AFDX网络配置测试技术研究

终端系统作为AFDX网络数据传输的关键部分,其优劣决定着整个AFDX网络的通信性能。为了测试验证端系统功能,评估AFDX网络的传输性能,提出了一种AFDX网络配置测试方法。设计端系统的配置测试规范,建立端系统测试总体框架,对端系统的测试响应机制进行研究,规范化测试流程,生成的配置文件作为算法设计的输入信息。设计激励数据生成算法,建立激励数据生成框架,对数据发送的约束条件进行形式化定义,利用SMT求解器,生成激励数据发送时刻表。激励数据发送时刻表作为输入,利用TestCenter网络测试平台进行仿真实验,实验结果证明该方法能模拟当前AFDX网络配置在高负载数据流下的有效性。

An Automated Penetration Semantic Knowledge Mining Algorithm Based on Bayesian Inference

Mining penetration testing semantic knowledge hidden in vast amounts of raw penetration testing data is of vital importance for automated penetration testing.Associative rule mining,a data mining technique,has been studied and explored for a long time.However,few studies have focused on knowledge discovery in the penetration testing area.The experimental result reveals that the long-tail distribution of penetration testing data nullifies the effectiveness of associative rule mining algorithms that are based on frequent pattern.To address this problem,a Bayesian inference based penetration semantic knowledge mining algorithm is proposed.First,a directed bipartite graph model,a kind of Bayesian network,is constructed to formalize penetration testing data.Then,we adopt the maximum likelihood estimate method to optimize the model parameters and decompose a large Bayesian network into smaller networks based on conditional independence of variables for improved solution efficiency.Finally,irrelevant variable elimination is adopted to extract penetration semantic knowledge from the conditional probability distribution of the model.The experimental results show that the proposed method can discover penetration semantic knowledge from raw penetration testing data effectively and efficiently.

Development of an Improved GUI Automation Test System Based on Event-Flow Graph

A more automated graphic user interface (GUI) test model, which is based on the event-flow graph, is proposed. In the model, a user interface automation API tool is first used to carry out reverse engineering for a GUI test sample so as to obtain the event-flow graph. Then two approaches are adopted to create GUI test sample cases. That is to say, an improved ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is employed to establish a sequence of testing cases in the course of the daily smoke test. The sequence goes through all object event points in the event-flow graph. On the other hand, the spanning tree obtained by deep breadth-first search (BFS) approach is utilized to obtain the testing cases from goal point to outset point in the course of the deep regression test. Finally, these cases are applied to test the new GUI. Moreover, according to the above-mentioned model, a corresponding prototype system based on Microsoft UI automation framework is developed, thus giving a more effective way to improve the GUI automation test in Windows OS.

Portable and automated analyzer for rapid and high precision in vitro dissolution of drugs

We developed a novel portable and automated dissolution test analyzer for rapid and high precision in vitro dissolution testing of drugs.The analyzer consists of a flow-through-cell drug dissolution system,an automated sequential sampling system,a high-speed capillary electrophoresis(HSCE)system,and a data acquisition system.Combining the high-temporal resolution flow-gating sampling approach with HSCE,which has outstanding advantages of efficient separation and resolution,the analyzer can achieve rapid analysis and exhibits the ability in miniaturization for on-site assessment of different active pharmaceutical ingredients.To integrate the flow-through-cell dissolution system with HSCE,a specially designed flow-gating-injection(FGI)interface was employed.The performance of the analyzer was investigated by analyzing the dissolution of immediate-release drugs including single dose(amoxicillin dispersible tablets)and fixed dose combination(amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium)drug tablets with the high-temporal resolutions of 12 s and 20 s,respectively.The dissolution profiles of different active pharmaceutical ingredients could be simultaneously and automatically monitored with high repeatability and accuracy.The analyzer was successfully utilized for the pharmaceutical quality control and bio-relevant dissolution testing,as well as in vivo-in vitro correlation analysis.Our portable analyzer is miniaturized,convenient and of low-cost,and will provide a valuable tool for dissolution testing in pharmaceutical research and development.

Application of Automated Ball Indentation for Property Measurement of Degraded Zr2.5Nb

In this work, Automated Ball Indentation (ABI) technique is based on load controlled multiple indentations (at a single penetration location) of a polished surface by a spherical indenter (0.7 to 1.46 mm) and indentation depth is progressively increased to a maximum user specified limit with intermediate partial unloading. This technique permits measurement of yield strength, stress-strain curve, strength coefficient and strain hardening exponent. ABI Testing was carried out on samples of Zr-Nb2.5 (Pressure Tube Material) with different heat treatment conditions in which temperature was varying (550 degree to 900 degree and retention time was varying 0.5 to 6 hour and furnace cooled. For all these test material and conditions, the ABI derived results were in very good agreement with those from conventional standard test methods.

An Empirical Study on Automated Test Generation Tools for Java:Effectiveness and Challenges

Automated test generation tools enable test automation and further alleviate the low efficiency caused by writing hand-crafted test cases.However,existing automated tools are not mature enough to be widely used by software testing groups.This paper conducts an empirical study on the state-of-the-art automated tools for Java,i.e.,EvoSuite,Randoop,JDoop,JTeXpert,T3,and Tardis.We design a test workflow to facilitate the process,which can automatically run tools for test generation,collect data,and evaluate various metrics.Furthermore,we conduct empirical analysis on these six tools and their related techniques from different aspects,i.e.,code coverage,mutation score,test suite size,readability,and real fault detection ability.We discuss about the benefits and drawbacks of hybrid techniques based on experimental results.Besides,we introduce our experience in setting up and executing these tools,and summarize their usability and user-friendliness.Finally,we give some insights into automated tools in terms of test suite readability improvement,meaningful assertion generation,test suite reduction for random testing tools,and symbolic execution integration.

AWeb Application Fingerprint Recognition Method Based on Machine Learning

Web application fingerprint recognition is an effective security technology designed to identify and classify web applications,thereby enhancing the detection of potential threats and attacks.Traditional fingerprint recognition methods,which rely on preannotated feature matching,face inherent limitations due to the ever-evolving nature and diverse landscape of web applications.In response to these challenges,this work proposes an innovative web application fingerprint recognition method founded on clustering techniques.The method involves extensive data collection from the Tranco List,employing adjusted feature selection built upon Wappalyzer and noise reduction through truncated SVD dimensionality reduction.The core of the methodology lies in the application of the unsupervised OPTICS clustering algorithm,eliminating the need for preannotated labels.By transforming web applications into feature vectors and leveraging clustering algorithms,our approach accurately categorizes diverse web applications,providing comprehensive and precise fingerprint recognition.The experimental results,which are obtained on a dataset featuring various web application types,affirm the efficacy of the method,demonstrating its ability to achieve high accuracy and broad coverage.This novel approach not only distinguishes between different web application types effectively but also demonstrates superiority in terms of classification accuracy and coverage,offering a robust solution to the challenges of web application fingerprint recognition.

Ontology Driven Testing Strategies for IoT Applications

Internet-of-Things(IoT)has attained a major share in embedded software development.The new era of specialized intelligent systems requires adaptation of customized software engineering approaches.Currently,software engineering has merged the development phases with the technologies provided by industrial automation.The improvements are still required in testing phase for the software developed to IoT solutions.This research aims to assist in developing the testing strategies for IoT applications,therein ontology has been adopted as a knowledge representation technique to different software engineering processes.The proposed ontological model renders 101 methodology by using Protégé.After completion,the ontology was evaluated in three-dimensional view by the domain experts of software testing,IoT and ontology engineering.Satisfied results of the research are showed in interest of the specialists regarding proposed ontology development and suggestions for improvements.The Proposed reasoning-based ontological model for development of testing strategies in IoT application contributes to increase the general understanding of tests in addition to assisting for the development of testing strategies for different IoT devices.

Framework for Extensible Application Testing

In recent years large corporations as well as smaller commercial enterprises have begun to devote increased attention to software testing and software quality. This paper introduces a novel tool—the Framework for Extensible Application Testing (FEAT), implemented by the author and applicable for automatic generation and execution of test cases. The paper discusses system requirements, design, architecture and modes of operation. It also contains a detailed comparison of the FEAT framework with existing test environments, focusing in particular on the STAF/STAX framework. The final section is devoted to experimental research into the applicability and efficiency of the presented tools in various projects and configurations, as reflected by quality metrics.