Background: There is a lack of consensus as to the best way of monitoring psoriasis severity in clinical trials. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) is the most frequently used system and the Physician’s Glo...Background: There is a lack of consensus as to the best way of monitoring psoriasis severity in clinical trials. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) is the most frequently used system and the Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) is also often used. However, both instruments have some drawbacks and neither has been fully evaluated in terms of ‘validity’and ‘reliability’as a psoriasis rating scale. The Lattice System Physician’s Global Assessment (LS-PGA) scale has recently been developed to address some disadvantages of the PASI and PGA. Objectives: To evaluate the inter-rater and intra rater reliability of the PASI, PGA and LS-PGA. Methods: On the day before the study, 14 dermatologists (raters), with varied experience of assessing psoriasis, received detailed training (2.5 h) on use of the scales. On the study day, each rater evaluated 16 adults with chronic plaque psoriasis in the morning and again in the afternoon. Raters were randomly assigned to assess subjects using the scales in a specific sequence, either PGA, LS-PGA, PASI or PGA, PASI, LS-PGA. Each rater used one sequence in the morning and the other in the afternoon. The primary endpoint was the inter-rater and intrarater reliability as determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: All three scales demonstrated ‘substantial’(a priori defined as ICC > 80%) intrarater reliability. The inter-rater reliability for each of the PASI and LS-PGA was also ‘substantial’and for the PGA was ‘moderate’(ICC 75%). Conclusions: Each one of the three scales provided reproducible psoriasis severity assessments. In terms of both intrarater and inter-rater reliability values, the three scales can be ranked from highest to lowest as follows: PASI, LS-PGA and PGA.展开更多
背景脓毒症是由感染因素引发机体免疫反应失调而导致的全身炎症反应,可能会导致潜在的危及生命的器官功能障碍。目前对于未成熟血小板比率(IPF)在脓毒症严重程度及预后方面已有一些研究,但关于IPF联合其他指标在脓毒症中应用的研究较少...背景脓毒症是由感染因素引发机体免疫反应失调而导致的全身炎症反应,可能会导致潜在的危及生命的器官功能障碍。目前对于未成熟血小板比率(IPF)在脓毒症严重程度及预后方面已有一些研究,但关于IPF联合其他指标在脓毒症中应用的研究较少。目的探讨IPF联合其他指标在脓毒症严重程度及其预后中的预测价值。方法收集2020年11月—2022年11月复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院重症医学科收治的60例脓毒症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。分组情况:严重程度按定义划分,可分为严重脓毒症组24例与脓毒性休克组36例;严重程度按序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分划分,可分为低SOFA组26例(SOFA评分<6分)与高SOFA组34例(SOFA评分≥6分);按预后划分,可分为生存组39例与死亡组21例。对比不同分组患者IPF及其他血液指标[中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值(NAR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、乳酸与白蛋白比值(LAR)]的差异,绘制不同联合指标评估脓毒症严重程度和预后的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)并比较其评估价值。结果死亡组患者肺部疾病所占比例、基线急性生理学与慢性健康状况量表系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、基线SOFA评分高于生存组(P<0.05)。高SOFA组患者肺部疾病所占比例、基线APACHEⅡ评分、死亡所占比例高于低SOFA组(P<0.05)。对于治疗开始48hIPF,脓毒性休克组患者高于严重脓毒症组,高SOFA组患者高于低SOFA组,死亡组患者高于生存组(P<0.05)。因不同组患者治疗开始48 h IPF均存在统计学差异,故截取48 h各实验室检查指标进行进一步研究分析:IPF在预测脓毒性休克及高SOFA评分的AUC分别为0.70(95%CI=0.55~0.83,截断值为3.95%)、0.72(95%CI=0.60~0.86,截断值7.70%),预测死亡的AUC为0.73(95%CI=0.58~0.89,截断值为6.10%)。IPF+基线APACHEⅡ评分+NLR、IPF+基线APACHEⅡ评分+LAR预测高SOFA评分的AUC分别为0.91(95%CI=0.84~0.98)和0.93(95%CI=0.84~0.99);IPF+NAR+PLR预测脓毒症患者死亡的AUC为0.90(95%CI=0.81~0.98)。结论IPF联合不同血液指标能够提高临床实践中对脓毒症患者病情严重程度及预后的评估能力,治疗开始48 h IPF+基线APACHEⅡ评分+治疗开始48 h NLR及治疗开始48 h IPF+基线APACHEⅡ评分+治疗开始48 h LAR在脓毒症严重程度预测中具有较高效能;而治疗开始48h的IPF+NAR+PLR在预测脓毒症患者预后方面效能较好。展开更多
Objectives. This study examines quality of life (QOL) among school-aged children with perinatally acquired HIV infection and compares QOL outcomes between treatment groups that differ according to the use of protease ...Objectives. This study examines quality of life (QOL) among school-aged children with perinatally acquired HIV infection and compares QOL outcomes between treatment groups that differ according to the use of protease inhibitor (PI) combination therapy (PI therapy). To gain insights into how PI therapy might influence QOL, associations between severity of illness and QOL were also investigated. Methods. Cross-sectional data for 940 children, 5 to 18 years of age, who were enrolled in Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Late Outcomes Protocol 219 were used to examine domains of caregiver-reported QOL, as assessed with the General Health Assessment for Children, during 1999. The General Health Assessment for Children is an age-specific, modular, QOL assessment that was developed for the study with previously validated measures. QOL differences between treatment groups were estimated with linear and logistic regressions that controlled for sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, raceethnicity, maternalcaregiver education, and respondent) and severity-of-illness indicators related to receipt of PI therapy (AIDS status, log10 CD4+cell counts, and height-for-age z scores). Results. The mean age of participants was 9.7 years. Most children were non-Hispanic black (54%) or Hispanic (31%), and 49%of the participants were female. At the 1999 study visit, ～14%of children had severe immune suppression ( < 15%CD4+cells), whereas 62%of children had ≥25%CD4+cells, ie, no immune suppression. Participants did exhibit some lag in growth, with mean height and weight z scores of-0.70 and-0.20, respectively. Twentyeight percent of the children were reported to have met criteria for AIDS at study entry (1993-1999). When treatment groups were compared, children receiving PI therapy (72%) were older, had lower CD4 +cell percentages, and had lower height and weight z scores than did those receiving non-PI therapies. They were also more likely to have met criteria for AIDS at study entry. The most commonly used PIs were ritonavir (46%) and nelfinavir (63%). Health perceptions ratings for most children were at the upper end of the scale, whereas ratings for 25%of the children ranged over the lower 70%of scale scores. Almost one half of the children had at least some limitations in physical functioning, with more frequent limitations in energydemanding activities (46%) than in basic activities of daily living (32%). The Behavior Problems Index was used to assess psychologic functioning. The mean total Behavior Problems Index score (9.34) and the proportion of children with extreme scores (23%) were consistent with values reported for chronically ill children and those at social and economic risk. One or more limitations in socialschool functioning were reported for 58%of children. More than one third of the children (38%) experienced ≥1 physical symptoms that were at least moderately distressing. Health perceptions, physical functioning, psychologic functioning, socialschool functioning, and overall HIV symptom scores did not differ between treatment groups. However, receipt of PI therapy was associated with an increased rate of diarrhea (28 vs 13%; adjusted odds ratio: 2.59; 95%confidence interval: 1.74-3.85). Severity of illness was associated with QOL in all domains except psychologic functioning. Higher log10 CD4 +cell counts, higher height for-age z scores, and absence of AIDS at study entry were independently associated with fewer socialschool limitations and better HIV symptom scores. Health perceptions and physical functioning scores were associated with log10 CD4+cell counts and height z scores, respectively. Conclusions. QOL among children receiving PI therapy differed little from that among children receiving non-PI therapy, despite clinical indications of more advanced disease. Importantly, the study found no evidence of direct negative effects of PI therapy on QOL outcomes, other than an increased rate of diarrhea. Findings suggest that the effects of PI combination therapies to slow or to prevent disease progression and to increase CD4+cell counts and height growth have the potential to improve QOL among children with HIV infection. However, many children do experience a constellation of functional impairments indicated by behavioral problems and clinical symptoms, with limitations in activities and in school performance. Comprehensive health services will continue to be required to minimize long-term illness and disability and to maximize children’s potential as they move into adolescence and adulthood.展开更多
文摘Background: There is a lack of consensus as to the best way of monitoring psoriasis severity in clinical trials. The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) is the most frequently used system and the Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) is also often used. However, both instruments have some drawbacks and neither has been fully evaluated in terms of ‘validity’and ‘reliability’as a psoriasis rating scale. The Lattice System Physician’s Global Assessment (LS-PGA) scale has recently been developed to address some disadvantages of the PASI and PGA. Objectives: To evaluate the inter-rater and intra rater reliability of the PASI, PGA and LS-PGA. Methods: On the day before the study, 14 dermatologists (raters), with varied experience of assessing psoriasis, received detailed training (2.5 h) on use of the scales. On the study day, each rater evaluated 16 adults with chronic plaque psoriasis in the morning and again in the afternoon. Raters were randomly assigned to assess subjects using the scales in a specific sequence, either PGA, LS-PGA, PASI or PGA, PASI, LS-PGA. Each rater used one sequence in the morning and the other in the afternoon. The primary endpoint was the inter-rater and intrarater reliability as determined by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results: All three scales demonstrated ‘substantial’(a priori defined as ICC > 80%) intrarater reliability. The inter-rater reliability for each of the PASI and LS-PGA was also ‘substantial’and for the PGA was ‘moderate’(ICC 75%). Conclusions: Each one of the three scales provided reproducible psoriasis severity assessments. In terms of both intrarater and inter-rater reliability values, the three scales can be ranked from highest to lowest as follows: PASI, LS-PGA and PGA.
文摘背景脓毒症是由感染因素引发机体免疫反应失调而导致的全身炎症反应,可能会导致潜在的危及生命的器官功能障碍。目前对于未成熟血小板比率(IPF)在脓毒症严重程度及预后方面已有一些研究,但关于IPF联合其他指标在脓毒症中应用的研究较少。目的探讨IPF联合其他指标在脓毒症严重程度及其预后中的预测价值。方法收集2020年11月—2022年11月复旦大学附属中山医院厦门医院重症医学科收治的60例脓毒症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。分组情况:严重程度按定义划分,可分为严重脓毒症组24例与脓毒性休克组36例;严重程度按序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分划分,可分为低SOFA组26例(SOFA评分<6分)与高SOFA组34例(SOFA评分≥6分);按预后划分,可分为生存组39例与死亡组21例。对比不同分组患者IPF及其他血液指标[中性粒细胞与白蛋白比值(NAR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、乳酸与白蛋白比值(LAR)]的差异,绘制不同联合指标评估脓毒症严重程度和预后的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,计算ROC曲线下面积(AUC)并比较其评估价值。结果死亡组患者肺部疾病所占比例、基线急性生理学与慢性健康状况量表系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分、基线SOFA评分高于生存组(P<0.05)。高SOFA组患者肺部疾病所占比例、基线APACHEⅡ评分、死亡所占比例高于低SOFA组(P<0.05)。对于治疗开始48hIPF,脓毒性休克组患者高于严重脓毒症组,高SOFA组患者高于低SOFA组,死亡组患者高于生存组(P<0.05)。因不同组患者治疗开始48 h IPF均存在统计学差异,故截取48 h各实验室检查指标进行进一步研究分析:IPF在预测脓毒性休克及高SOFA评分的AUC分别为0.70(95%CI=0.55~0.83,截断值为3.95%)、0.72(95%CI=0.60~0.86,截断值7.70%),预测死亡的AUC为0.73(95%CI=0.58~0.89,截断值为6.10%)。IPF+基线APACHEⅡ评分+NLR、IPF+基线APACHEⅡ评分+LAR预测高SOFA评分的AUC分别为0.91(95%CI=0.84~0.98)和0.93(95%CI=0.84~0.99);IPF+NAR+PLR预测脓毒症患者死亡的AUC为0.90(95%CI=0.81~0.98)。结论IPF联合不同血液指标能够提高临床实践中对脓毒症患者病情严重程度及预后的评估能力,治疗开始48 h IPF+基线APACHEⅡ评分+治疗开始48 h NLR及治疗开始48 h IPF+基线APACHEⅡ评分+治疗开始48 h LAR在脓毒症严重程度预测中具有较高效能;而治疗开始48h的IPF+NAR+PLR在预测脓毒症患者预后方面效能较好。
文摘Objectives. This study examines quality of life (QOL) among school-aged children with perinatally acquired HIV infection and compares QOL outcomes between treatment groups that differ according to the use of protease inhibitor (PI) combination therapy (PI therapy). To gain insights into how PI therapy might influence QOL, associations between severity of illness and QOL were also investigated. Methods. Cross-sectional data for 940 children, 5 to 18 years of age, who were enrolled in Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group Late Outcomes Protocol 219 were used to examine domains of caregiver-reported QOL, as assessed with the General Health Assessment for Children, during 1999. The General Health Assessment for Children is an age-specific, modular, QOL assessment that was developed for the study with previously validated measures. QOL differences between treatment groups were estimated with linear and logistic regressions that controlled for sociodemographic characteristics (age, gender, raceethnicity, maternalcaregiver education, and respondent) and severity-of-illness indicators related to receipt of PI therapy (AIDS status, log10 CD4+cell counts, and height-for-age z scores). Results. The mean age of participants was 9.7 years. Most children were non-Hispanic black (54%) or Hispanic (31%), and 49%of the participants were female. At the 1999 study visit, ～14%of children had severe immune suppression ( < 15%CD4+cells), whereas 62%of children had ≥25%CD4+cells, ie, no immune suppression. Participants did exhibit some lag in growth, with mean height and weight z scores of-0.70 and-0.20, respectively. Twentyeight percent of the children were reported to have met criteria for AIDS at study entry (1993-1999). When treatment groups were compared, children receiving PI therapy (72%) were older, had lower CD4 +cell percentages, and had lower height and weight z scores than did those receiving non-PI therapies. They were also more likely to have met criteria for AIDS at study entry. The most commonly used PIs were ritonavir (46%) and nelfinavir (63%). Health perceptions ratings for most children were at the upper end of the scale, whereas ratings for 25%of the children ranged over the lower 70%of scale scores. Almost one half of the children had at least some limitations in physical functioning, with more frequent limitations in energydemanding activities (46%) than in basic activities of daily living (32%). The Behavior Problems Index was used to assess psychologic functioning. The mean total Behavior Problems Index score (9.34) and the proportion of children with extreme scores (23%) were consistent with values reported for chronically ill children and those at social and economic risk. One or more limitations in socialschool functioning were reported for 58%of children. More than one third of the children (38%) experienced ≥1 physical symptoms that were at least moderately distressing. Health perceptions, physical functioning, psychologic functioning, socialschool functioning, and overall HIV symptom scores did not differ between treatment groups. However, receipt of PI therapy was associated with an increased rate of diarrhea (28 vs 13%; adjusted odds ratio: 2.59; 95%confidence interval: 1.74-3.85). Severity of illness was associated with QOL in all domains except psychologic functioning. Higher log10 CD4 +cell counts, higher height for-age z scores, and absence of AIDS at study entry were independently associated with fewer socialschool limitations and better HIV symptom scores. Health perceptions and physical functioning scores were associated with log10 CD4+cell counts and height z scores, respectively. Conclusions. QOL among children receiving PI therapy differed little from that among children receiving non-PI therapy, despite clinical indications of more advanced disease. Importantly, the study found no evidence of direct negative effects of PI therapy on QOL outcomes, other than an increased rate of diarrhea. Findings suggest that the effects of PI combination therapies to slow or to prevent disease progression and to increase CD4+cell counts and height growth have the potential to improve QOL among children with HIV infection. However, many children do experience a constellation of functional impairments indicated by behavioral problems and clinical symptoms, with limitations in activities and in school performance. Comprehensive health services will continue to be required to minimize long-term illness and disability and to maximize children’s potential as they move into adolescence and adulthood.
