International Supply Chain Management （ISCM）： An Emergent Perspective on Internationalization Driven by Information and Communications Technology （ICT）

The focus of the article is on the contribution of the perspective of supply chain management （SCM） to the explanation of internationalization processes. The empirical study is based on case studies of 20 small- and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） with international activities from China, India, New Zealand, and Singapore. All chosen firms were founded after 1980 in order to capture retrospectively the whole globalization process of each firm. All sample firms operate their supply chains （SCs） on the basis of information and communications technology （ICT）. Depending on size, strategy, business model, industry, and mindset of the managers, firms use ICT on a range from integrating individual functional areas to integrating the whole SC through enterprise resource planning （ERP） and customer relationship management （CRM） systems.

Organizational Learning （OL） and Organizational Innovation （OI）： The Case of Information and Communication Technology （ICT） Industry in Malaysia

The progression through which a person acquires ,;kills, understanding, and opinions regarding a particular organization or company is called organizational learning （OL）. In this study, the connection between organizational innovation （OI） and OL within the inf3rmation and communication technology （ICT） industry in Malaysia is surveyed. These relationships are examined, because various previous inquiries have shown that an imperative precursor to firm performance is OL. Two hundred and seventy-eight surveys were completed by small and medium organizations across Malaysia. The connections existing between the causes of OL and the causes of OI were ascertained by using structural equation modeling （SEM）. Amongst the Malaysian small- and medium-sized enterprises （SMEs） that participated in fire study, OI and OL are considerably linked.

高职ICT国际化人才培养SWOT分析及途径研究

在国家“一带一路”倡议下,国内许多高职院校实施了国际化人才培养,且成效明显。文章对国际化人才培养方面的国内外文献进行了研究综述,运用SWOT法对ICT国际化人才培养的机遇、挑战和优势、劣势进行了分析,最后从人才培养模式、课程体系、具体举措等方面阐述了ICT国际化人才培养的途径。

Evaluation of Technical Education by Using a Modern Structured MOODLE Laboratory Course, in Relation to Recent Data

E-learning platforms support education systems worldwide, transferring theoretical knowledge as well as soft skills. In the present study high-school pupils’, and adult students’ opinions were evaluated through a modern structured MOODLE interactive course, designed for the needs of the laboratory course “Automotive Systems”. The study concerns Greek secondary vocational education pupils aged 18 and vocational training adult students aged 20 to 50 years. The multistage, equal size simple random cluster sample was used as a sampling method. Pupils and adult students of each cluster completed structured 10-question questionnaires both before and after attending the course. A total of 120 questionnaires were collected. In general, our findings disclosed that the majority of pupils and adult students had significantly improved their knowledge and skills from using MOODLE. They reported strengthening conventional teaching, using the new MOODLE technology. The satisfaction indices improved quite, with the differences in their mean values being statistically significant.

Evaluating the Impact of ICT Usage on the Performance of Jamaican Hotels： A Conceptual Perspective

For years, the hotel industry has been a dominant contributor in many economies by employing thousands of people and generating huge revenue annually and is currently the fastest growing economic sector in the world. This incredible success is largely attributed to the adoption of information and communication technology （ICT）. Research has demonstrated that ICT adoption is a key influencing factor in enhancing hotel performance at both the strategic and operational levels. However, there is an appeal in the literature for more studies to evaluate the relationship between ICT adoption and hotel performance in developing countries. As a result, this conceptual paper is proposing a research model to evaluate the impact of ICT adoption on the performance of Jamaican hotels. It is hoped that future research will validate the proposed research model, which by extension can provide useful insights to hotel managers regarding the ICT services with the greatest influence on hotel performance.

Possibility of Socio-economic Attributes and ICT Application in Improving Quality of Farmers

Evaluation on the diversified Information and Communication Technologies( ICTs) application along their association in socio-economic attributes can provide valuable insights about the trends of farmers towards improvement.Therefore,analytical research design and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data collected from 400 respondents within different regions of Punjab Province in Pakistan.Based on the findings,it is recommended that government in collaboration with all stakeholders should launch regular,holistic and modern ICTs programs like applications of robo calls,SMS,etc.services at central level to ensure timely availability of agricultural information to improving the quality of young farmers.Furthermore,it is recommended to launch effective monitoring and evaluation mechanism of ICTs for agricultural development.

Opportunities from ICT for Agro-Food Supply Chains

Nowadays the situation of agro-food and rural sector in terms of markets, development and competitiveness and the specific impact that rural activities have in the society, added to the potential positive impact of new ICT technologies, has arisen new challenges. Support the European Agro-food industry to be a worldwide leader in the supply of high quality and safe food products. The relevance of agro-food industry is not only related to its importance in European economy but also is consequence of increase awareness concerning to the necessity of producing high quality and safe products. The implementation of the new technologies in agro-food domain, enabling adequate combination of traditional products and modern management processes will definitively contribute to produce high quality and safe products. Increase the level of involvement of consumers in the agro-food value chain by means of the wide adoption of relevant IC Technologies and applications. The agro-food sector is very much a consumer driven sector. However, in order to realise the full participation of citizens in the whole agro-food supply chain, further developments in ICTs are required. The incorporation of ICT tools will greatly contribute to achieving a deeper integration, communication and information flow between the different stakeholders in the supply chain, from ＂fork to farm＂, from farmers to consumers. Therefore, in first place the objective of the work is to analyze the opportunities offered by the ICT to implement the systems of traceability in the food system. In according to place the study wants to deepen the norm ISO22000, in which the ICT has a fundamental role to have a synthetic tool of guarantee and greater trust for the consumer. The purpose is to make a critical review of the existing literature on this matter in relationship to the agro-food systems.

An Empirical Analysis on Enterprises＇ Wine Export of Campania Region and the Role of ICT

The progressive growth of foreign multinational companies in different markets and their new company strategies, regarding production, distribution, marketing, brand policies, product diversification, promotional activities and investments, should push the universe of Italian small and medium enterprise to follow action lines that are capable to let them compete with the main global actors, with good chances to succeed. The problem is not the influence of big companies on Italian little enterprises, but it is that these last ones must react to their strategies in order to not lose important market shares. The aim of the present work is to analyse, above all, the outcome of an enquiry into enterprises＇ export of an important Italian Region： Campania. In the first part a picture of the wine regional sector is introduced, with particular observations on what are the wine varieties, what is the general level of production, which typologies they offer, what are the characteristics of consumption, and what is the specific economic importance of wine exportation to Campania. In the second part, then, the conducted investigation will be illustrated to the purpose to analyze the actual characteristics of the export of the regional firms, the difficulties found on the international markets and the possibilities of development in the next future, but also the role of information and communication technologies （ICT）, that is able to greatly contribute to achieving a deeper integration, communication and information flow between the different stakeholders in the supply chain.

Role of Wireless Handheld Technology by Nurses in Healthcare Environment

One of the emerging technologies is wireless handheld technology. Implication of these devices is enormous for business community and healthcare domain is not an exception to this phenomena. This research paper provides some useful findings about the use of PDA＇s in the healthcare environment through actual usage of PDA in the healthcare ward. A qualitative and quantitative approach is adopted to explore these phenomena due to the exploratory nature of the research. Findings of this study identify some of the motivators and issues associated with the wireless handheld technology in healthcare environment. Furthermore, it is also found that these wireless handheld devices can help to improve the quality of care through better decision making processes. This study is limited to only one sate of Australian and further research is needed to see the implication of the findings to wider community and other domains in the Australian environment.

A Panel Granger Causality Test of Investment in ICT Capital and Economic Growth： Evidence From Developed and Developing Countries

This paper applies the Pairwise Panel Granger Causality test to examine the relationship between ICT （information and communication technology） expenditure and the rate of growth of GDP （gross domestic product） per capita. This is accomplished by using cross-country time-series data for a total of 70 developed and developing countries for the period from 2003 to 2008. The study reveals that the existence of causality and its direction differ across different income-group of countries and over the number of lags included. ICT investment expenditure as a percentage of GDP appears to cause the rate of growth of GDP per capita for the high income group and all income groups combined with lags higher than one year. However, for the upper- and lower-middle income groups, the study detects causality in neither direction. Also, when only one lag is included, the study suggests no causality in either direction for any of the income-groups of countries.

ICT Development and Innovation Policy in China

The information and communications technology （ICT） industries＇ development and the China＇s trend to innovative economy are outlined. The relationship between the national innovation system and innovation policy are analyzed. Moreover, the innovation policy in China is discussed and a recommendation to the further ICT innovative policy making is made.

2013“工程建设市场的治理与信息化”国际研讨会综述

由清华大学土木水利学院、建筑学院和公共管理学院共同主办，清华大学工程担保与建筑市场治理研究中心和3S研究中心联合承办的2013“工程建设市场的治理与信息化”国际研讨会于2013年12月7~8日在清华大学召开。介绍了本次国际研讨会的概况，并从建筑市场治理的市场化和信息化两个视角，综述了本次研讨会各发言人的主要观点，以及与会者通过多利益相关方互动研讨而就中国建筑市场监管改革所达成的8项共识。

A Theoretical Framework and Methodology for Urban Activity Spatial Structure in E-society: Empirical Evidence for Nanjing City, China

The existing researches on the influence of information and communication technology （ICT） are mainly focused on human activity, whilst with few efforts on urban space. In the e-society, the widespread adoption of 1CT devices not only affects almost every aspect of people＇s daily life and thereby reshapes the spatial development of regions and cities, but also generates a large amount of real-time activity data with location information. These georeferenced data, however, have relatively recently attracted attention from geographers. Adapted from Lynch＇s framework based on people＇s perceptions, this paper proposes a framework of urban spatial struc- ture based on people＇s actual activity, including five elements, namely activity path, activity node, central activity zone （CAZ）, activity district, and activity edge. In the empirical study, by using one week＇s check-in tweets （from February 25 to March 3 in 2013） collected in Nanjing City, the five elements are recognized and analyzed. Through the comparison between our results and urban spatial structure based on population （and land use）, we argue that ICT uses： 1） lead to polarize, rather than to smooth, the urban structural hierarchy, due to the dual role of distance; 2） enable a partial decoupling of activity and activity space node, which challenges our conventional under- standing of the role of home and the utility of travel; 3） blur the boundaries of activity districts and hence may play a positive role in enriching districts＇ functions, which should not be overlooked in the current urban transformation in China.

Spatio-temporal Fragmentation of Leisure Activities in Information Era： Empirical Evidence from Nanjing, China

Activity fragmentation provides a new approach for understanding the transformation of urban space and function in the information era. Numerous theoretical and empirical studies have been conducted on activity fragmentation, but few studies have focused on the fragmentation of leisure activities. This study was intended to extend the extant literature by: 1) analysing the spatio-temporal fragmentation of physical and virtual leisure activities by using a dataset collected in Nanjing, China, and 2) evaluating the reasons of leisure activity fragmentation, as well as the potential spatial effect of activity fragmentation. The results indicated that virtual leisure activities are more fragmented than physical leisure activities, but the fragmentation of physical and virtual leisure activities varies on weekday and weekend, as well as in various locations and urban districts. In addition, the results suggested that sociodemographic factors and information and communication technology(ICT) variables distinctly affect the fragmentation of leisure activities. Meanwhile, the fragmentation of virtual leisure activities may enhance the transformation of traditional urban space by reallocating leisure activity times and locations.

Telecentres in Mountain Regions-A Peruvian Case Study of the Impact of Information and Communication Technologies on Remoteness and Exclusion

Communities in developing country mountain areas,in part due to their remoteness,find themselves excluded from social,political and economic systems; and excluded from access to resources. This paper aims to study the impact of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on remoteness and exclusion. It utilises two models - the resource movement framework,and the "information chain" - to analyse a telecentre in one district of mountainous Huancavelica,Peru's poorest region,set in the high Andes. It finds ICTs enabling new and positive resource flows for the two key user groups:teenaged school students and young farmers. These help to maintain social networks. They also support information searches that have improved agricultural practice where other information chain resources have been available. But non-use and ineffective use of the telecentre are found where information chain resources are lacking. ICTs have some impacts on intangible elements of remoteness. In this particular example,they also offer access to some previously-excluded resources. But they have not really addressed the systematic exclusions faced by mountain communities. And they so far appear to be a technology of inequality; favouring those residents who begin with better resource endowments.The paper concludes by offering some recommendations for mountain ICT project practice.

Measuring Spatial Differences of Informatization in China

As the wide application of new Information and Communication Technologies （ICTs） shows, the world is moving fast to- wards an information age. Since China was first connected to the Internet in 1994, the development of ICTs in China and around the world has been astonishingly fast, and yet there is a clear ＇digital divide＇ among different regions in China. Although Chinese geogra- phers have paid attention to regional differences in informatization, they usually employ a limited number of indicators, mainly focusing on the Intemet. In fact, infi^rmatization is a much broader concept, covering not only the lntemet, but also mobile phones as well as user ability. In the light of these considerations, this study provides a comprehensive examination of the development of informatization and its spatial differences in China. First, based on a literature review, the paper identifies 29 preliminary indicators for measuring informa- tization, and employs prin,-ipal components analysis and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to streamline them into 12 indicators to form an ICTs Developmen： Index （ID1）. Second, by using the data from provincial statistical yearbooks and the China Internet Network Information Center, the paper calculates the 1191 of each mega-region and each province in 2000-2010, and measures the changing spa- tial differences in the development of informatization in China. Lastly, the paper quantifies the relationship between informatization and economic growth. The empirical results show that the IDI of the western and central China has been increasing faster than that of the coastal region, indicating that the digital divide in China has been narrowing.

Green Networking Based Energy Efficient Communications

The mainstream approaches to green networking are discussed first from the view of engineering,including resource consolidation,server virtualization,selective connectedness,and proportional computing.A brief introduction to network virtualization techniques is given then and a virtual node embedding approach is provided.Finally,three kinds of enhanced green networking schemes by network virtualization are proposed,that is enhancement to sever virtualization,resource consolidation and Adaptive Link Rate(ALR).Examples are included to show the virtue of network virtualization to green networking in terms of energy efficient communications.

GIS as an Information Infrastructure for Recovery and Reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake

This study considers the regional characteristics of the Tohoku region and the extent of the damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and makes proposals for recovery and reconstruction of the areas affected by this disaster as well as for a reduction of the impact of natural disasters that may occur in the future with GIS （geographic information systems） as a social infrastructure positioned at the heart of the information infrastructure. Due to the fact that social media that used ICT （information and communication technology） was useful in the days directly after the disaster, it can be said that it is necessary to investigate the provision of an information infrastructure that uses ICT to reduce the impact of disasters. Therefore, this study proposes the construction of a geographical information database using GIS and the provision and sharing of information using social media GIS after discussion of the relationship between the development of the computerization of Japan and GIS as a valid example of using information systems for recovery and reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

Research on Online Education Consumer Choice Behavior Path Based on Informatization

The application of information and communications technology(ICT)in the education industry is becoming more and more extensive,and online education realized through ICT is developing in full swing.The influence of ICT on online education consumer's choice behavior is the core issue of online education industry development research.The research on the interactive path and methods of information and online education consumer choice behavior is worth exploring and revealing.This study introduces the word-of-mouth factor as a new research variable under the framework of the Rational Choice Theory model(RCT)and the structural equation method to conduct empirical research and theoretical analysis to verify the validity of the hypothesis and model.The fifthGeneration mobile communication system(5 G)analyses the factors affecting online education consumer behavior choices based on the premise of ICT.Research on the path between ICT and choice behavior provides new ideas for online education consumer choice behavior research and ICT and content and provides a new scenario.This article is a cross-disciplinary research content in theory,and its innovation opens up a new path for the management of ICT research.The research results have innovative significance and value at both the theoretical and practical levels.

The Essence and Structure of Information Competency of an Interpreter in the System of Continuing Education

The paper highlights the problem of training of interpreters in the system of continuing education in Russia. The theoretical analysis of the essence and structure of the information competency of an interpreter in continuing education as subjects is proposed. The research techniques were document analysis, interviews, participant observation, work process analysis, and focus groups. This paper presents a brief overview of the information competency of an interpreter. The importance of the information competency in the structure of professional competency of an interpreter is acknowledged by the majority of modern experts. But there still exists the problem of determining the set of skills which present the information competency of an interpreter. This paper introduces the author＇s view on the problem of defining the essence and structure of the information competency of an interpreter.