目的探讨研究基于问题的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)联合改良操作技能直接观察评估(improved direct observation of procedural skill,iDOPS)教学在放射科临床住培生中的应用及其效果。方法将2021年1月—2022年1月在嘉兴市第...目的探讨研究基于问题的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)联合改良操作技能直接观察评估(improved direct observation of procedural skill,iDOPS)教学在放射科临床住培生中的应用及其效果。方法将2021年1月—2022年1月在嘉兴市第一医院的放射科轮转的118名临床住培生随机分为试验组及对照组,各59名,试验组采用PBL联合iDOPS教学模式,对照组采用以授课为主的常规教学模式(lecture-based learning,LBL)及iDOPS。对比出科时两组住培生出科考理论考成绩、阅片技能考成绩、三阶段iDOPS评估分数、教学满意度评价。结果试验组住培生出科理论考成绩、阅片技能考成绩、第二、三阶段iDOPS评估分数分别为(85.41±7.64)分、(84.20±6.82)分、(45.27±6.66)分及(54.15±5.88)分,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),教学满意度各维度评价均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PBL联合iDOPS教学在临床住培生中的应用效果显著。展开更多
The competition between coral and algae in marine reefs is pervasive through geologic time;that competition determines the structure and composition of reef communities, which we see in the fossil record. However, the...The competition between coral and algae in marine reefs is pervasive through geologic time;that competition determines the structure and composition of reef communities, which we see in the fossil record. However, the relationships between coral and calcareous algae in reefs are poorly understood. To study this relationship, several hand samples and thin sections were examined from nine different foralgal reef localities around the world. Foralgal reefs typically extend from about 20 m depth or shallower on the seaward side of the reef. The first section is Salt Mountain, Alabama, which preserves a Paleocene reef. It contains a high percentage of red coralline algae with benthic foraminifera. The second section is IDOP-U1376, IIA Limestone, it is Middle Eocene, in the form of an isolated reef sandwiched between two igneous beds. The third section is the Utoe’ Limestone, New Caledonia, it is Middle Eocene in age and is composed mainly of grain-boundstone units with some igneous interlayered. The fourth section is the Darnah Formation in the West-Darnah roadcut section, Northeast Libya, it is Middle Eocene in age, it is composed of highly fossiliferous limestone (corals, red coralline algae, echinoids, mollusks, foraminifers, and bryozoans). The fifth section, the Al Bayda Formation (Algal Limestone Member) in Northeast Libya, is in the Drayanah—Al Abyar roadcut, Northeast Libya, it has several species of algae but also includes a high percentage of buildups of coral species. The sixth section is the Oligo-Miocene Al Faidiyah Formation (Al Fatayah Cement Quarry) limestone unit in Northeast Libya. The seventh section is (Core-core 20) late-early to middle Miocene Limestone Unit-Cicuco Field, NW Colombia. The eighth section is the Benghazi Formation at Benghazi Cement Quarry, in Northeast Libya, it is fossiliferous limestone, consisting of coral, algae, mollusks, and echinoids. The ninth and tenth sections are Quaternary reefs in the Bahamas and the Florida Keys, respectively. These reefs contain a high percentage of coral, red coralline algae, echinoids, mollusks, foraminifers, and ostracods. Based on the data and static analysis results on the thin sections and hand specimens, this study determines the occurrence and outcomes of coral-algal interactions among different coral growth forms (branching, upright, massive, encrusting, plating, and solitary). The Early Paleogene (Paleocene to Eocene) has the highest percentage of algae in two forms (crustose and frondose), which is a good indicator of a warm climate. In the Middle Eocene to Late Eocene, coral replaced algae in different localities in sections of that age. This change is an indicator of climatic cooling, especially in the western Lutetian Darnah section. In the Oligocene time, high-branching corals became abundant and escaped competition with the algae due to Icehouse conditions, as shown in the Al Bayda Formation. In the Miocene, coral species started to decline because of the return to Greenhouse conditions. Coral can lose its competitive edge when chemical and physical defense systems reduce growth and production due to warming. On the other hand, crustose-form algae attract the larvae of the coral. Algae induce them to get a more highly competitive frondose form, which is useful for corals as they decrease growth and production. Algae can quickly colonize the dead reef by using the firm substrate to rebuild themselves. This research may prove valuable when predicting the response of modern coral reef systems to future climatic warming conditions and provides a model for what future reefs may look like.展开更多
染色质相关蛋白在真核生物DNA复制、基因转录调控等过程中起着非常重要的作用.前期报道拟南芥叶花相关蛋白(leaf and flower related,LFR)蛋白定位于细胞核中,其缺失突变体在叶、花发育及育性等方面存在着许多表型,但LFR蛋白的自身特征...染色质相关蛋白在真核生物DNA复制、基因转录调控等过程中起着非常重要的作用.前期报道拟南芥叶花相关蛋白(leaf and flower related,LFR)蛋白定位于细胞核中,其缺失突变体在叶、花发育及育性等方面存在着许多表型,但LFR蛋白的自身特征尚有待进一步探究.酵母单杂交实验表明,酵母转录因子GAL4的DNA结合域与全长LFR的融合蛋白(GBD-LFR)具有转录辅激活活性,LFR的C端至少有2个犰狳蛋白(ARM)重复结构域及完整N端对于其转录辅激活活性是必需的.但在野生型拟南芥原生质体中,与典型的转录激活因子相比,GBD-LFR的转录辅激活活性并不明显.缺失或突变LFR与黄色荧光蛋白(YFP)的原生质体亚细胞定位的荧光显微观察表明,N端的1~25位氨基酸,特别是其中第22位的赖氨酸和第4、23以及25位精氨酸影响其核定位.利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察共表达黄色或青色荧光(CFP)融合蛋白的细胞核内分布,结果表明LFR与染色质结构蛋白组蛋白H4及染色质结合蛋白HMGA有一定的核内共定位.这些结果表明LFR可能作为一个染色质相关的蛋白质,在拟南芥的生长发育中发挥重要作用.展开更多
This paper describes the conceptual framework and the methodology used to guide the systematic reviews of community-based interventions(CBIs)for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP).We ad...This paper describes the conceptual framework and the methodology used to guide the systematic reviews of community-based interventions(CBIs)for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP).We adapted the conceptual framework from the 3ie work on the‘Community-Based Intervention Packages for Preventing Maternal Morbidity and Mortality and Improving Neonatal Outcomes’to aid in the analyzing of the existing CBIs for IDoP.The conceptual framework revolves around objectives,inputs,processes,outputs,outcomes,and impacts showing the theoretical linkages between the delivery of the interventions targeting these diseases through various community delivery platforms and the consequent health impacts.We also describe the methodology undertaken to conduct the systematic reviews and the meta-analyses.展开更多
文摘目的探讨研究基于问题的教学法(problem-based learning,PBL)联合改良操作技能直接观察评估(improved direct observation of procedural skill,iDOPS)教学在放射科临床住培生中的应用及其效果。方法将2021年1月—2022年1月在嘉兴市第一医院的放射科轮转的118名临床住培生随机分为试验组及对照组,各59名,试验组采用PBL联合iDOPS教学模式,对照组采用以授课为主的常规教学模式(lecture-based learning,LBL)及iDOPS。对比出科时两组住培生出科考理论考成绩、阅片技能考成绩、三阶段iDOPS评估分数、教学满意度评价。结果试验组住培生出科理论考成绩、阅片技能考成绩、第二、三阶段iDOPS评估分数分别为(85.41±7.64)分、(84.20±6.82)分、(45.27±6.66)分及(54.15±5.88)分,均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),教学满意度各维度评价均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论PBL联合iDOPS教学在临床住培生中的应用效果显著。
文摘The competition between coral and algae in marine reefs is pervasive through geologic time;that competition determines the structure and composition of reef communities, which we see in the fossil record. However, the relationships between coral and calcareous algae in reefs are poorly understood. To study this relationship, several hand samples and thin sections were examined from nine different foralgal reef localities around the world. Foralgal reefs typically extend from about 20 m depth or shallower on the seaward side of the reef. The first section is Salt Mountain, Alabama, which preserves a Paleocene reef. It contains a high percentage of red coralline algae with benthic foraminifera. The second section is IDOP-U1376, IIA Limestone, it is Middle Eocene, in the form of an isolated reef sandwiched between two igneous beds. The third section is the Utoe’ Limestone, New Caledonia, it is Middle Eocene in age and is composed mainly of grain-boundstone units with some igneous interlayered. The fourth section is the Darnah Formation in the West-Darnah roadcut section, Northeast Libya, it is Middle Eocene in age, it is composed of highly fossiliferous limestone (corals, red coralline algae, echinoids, mollusks, foraminifers, and bryozoans). The fifth section, the Al Bayda Formation (Algal Limestone Member) in Northeast Libya, is in the Drayanah—Al Abyar roadcut, Northeast Libya, it has several species of algae but also includes a high percentage of buildups of coral species. The sixth section is the Oligo-Miocene Al Faidiyah Formation (Al Fatayah Cement Quarry) limestone unit in Northeast Libya. The seventh section is (Core-core 20) late-early to middle Miocene Limestone Unit-Cicuco Field, NW Colombia. The eighth section is the Benghazi Formation at Benghazi Cement Quarry, in Northeast Libya, it is fossiliferous limestone, consisting of coral, algae, mollusks, and echinoids. The ninth and tenth sections are Quaternary reefs in the Bahamas and the Florida Keys, respectively. These reefs contain a high percentage of coral, red coralline algae, echinoids, mollusks, foraminifers, and ostracods. Based on the data and static analysis results on the thin sections and hand specimens, this study determines the occurrence and outcomes of coral-algal interactions among different coral growth forms (branching, upright, massive, encrusting, plating, and solitary). The Early Paleogene (Paleocene to Eocene) has the highest percentage of algae in two forms (crustose and frondose), which is a good indicator of a warm climate. In the Middle Eocene to Late Eocene, coral replaced algae in different localities in sections of that age. This change is an indicator of climatic cooling, especially in the western Lutetian Darnah section. In the Oligocene time, high-branching corals became abundant and escaped competition with the algae due to Icehouse conditions, as shown in the Al Bayda Formation. In the Miocene, coral species started to decline because of the return to Greenhouse conditions. Coral can lose its competitive edge when chemical and physical defense systems reduce growth and production due to warming. On the other hand, crustose-form algae attract the larvae of the coral. Algae induce them to get a more highly competitive frondose form, which is useful for corals as they decrease growth and production. Algae can quickly colonize the dead reef by using the firm substrate to rebuild themselves. This research may prove valuable when predicting the response of modern coral reef systems to future climatic warming conditions and provides a model for what future reefs may look like.
文摘染色质相关蛋白在真核生物DNA复制、基因转录调控等过程中起着非常重要的作用.前期报道拟南芥叶花相关蛋白(leaf and flower related,LFR)蛋白定位于细胞核中,其缺失突变体在叶、花发育及育性等方面存在着许多表型,但LFR蛋白的自身特征尚有待进一步探究.酵母单杂交实验表明,酵母转录因子GAL4的DNA结合域与全长LFR的融合蛋白(GBD-LFR)具有转录辅激活活性,LFR的C端至少有2个犰狳蛋白(ARM)重复结构域及完整N端对于其转录辅激活活性是必需的.但在野生型拟南芥原生质体中,与典型的转录激活因子相比,GBD-LFR的转录辅激活活性并不明显.缺失或突变LFR与黄色荧光蛋白(YFP)的原生质体亚细胞定位的荧光显微观察表明,N端的1~25位氨基酸,特别是其中第22位的赖氨酸和第4、23以及25位精氨酸影响其核定位.利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察共表达黄色或青色荧光(CFP)融合蛋白的细胞核内分布,结果表明LFR与染色质结构蛋白组蛋白H4及染色质结合蛋白HMGA有一定的核内共定位.这些结果表明LFR可能作为一个染色质相关的蛋白质,在拟南芥的生长发育中发挥重要作用.
文摘This paper describes the conceptual framework and the methodology used to guide the systematic reviews of community-based interventions(CBIs)for the prevention and control of infectious diseases of poverty(IDoP).We adapted the conceptual framework from the 3ie work on the‘Community-Based Intervention Packages for Preventing Maternal Morbidity and Mortality and Improving Neonatal Outcomes’to aid in the analyzing of the existing CBIs for IDoP.The conceptual framework revolves around objectives,inputs,processes,outputs,outcomes,and impacts showing the theoretical linkages between the delivery of the interventions targeting these diseases through various community delivery platforms and the consequent health impacts.We also describe the methodology undertaken to conduct the systematic reviews and the meta-analyses.