Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of inherited diseases that lead to retinal degeneration and photoreceptor cell death.However,there is no effective treatment for retinitis pigmentosa caused by PDE6B mutation.Adeno-asso...Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of inherited diseases that lead to retinal degeneration and photoreceptor cell death.However,there is no effective treatment for retinitis pigmentosa caused by PDE6B mutation.Adeno-associated virus(AAV)-mediated gene therapy is a promising strategy for treating retinitis pigmentosa.The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms by which AAV2-PDE6B rescues retinal function.To do this,we injected retinal degeneration 10(rd10)mice subretinally with AAV2-PDE6B and assessed the therapeutic effects on retinal function and structure using dark-and light-adapted electroretinogram,optical coherence tomography,and immunofluorescence.Data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate protein expression levels and pathway enrichment,and the results from this analysis were verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.AAV2-PDE6B injection significantly upregulated PDE6βexpression,preserved electroretinogram responses,and preserved outer nuclear layer thickness in rd10 mice.Differentially expressed proteins between wild-type and rd10 mice were closely related to visual perception,and treating rd10 mice with AAV2-PDE6B restored differentially expressed protein expression to levels similar to those seen in wild-type mice.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins whose expression was most significantly altered by AAV2-PDE6B injection were enriched in phototransduction pathways.Furthermore,the phototransductionrelated proteins Pde6α,Rom1,Rho,Aldh1a1,and Rbp1 exhibited opposite expression patterns in rd10 mice with or without AAV2-PDE6B treatment.Finally,Bax/Bcl-2,p-ERK/ERK,and p-c-Fos/c-Fos expression levels decreased in rd10 mice following AAV2-PDE6B treatment.Our data suggest that AAV2-PDE6B-mediated gene therapy promotes phototransduction and inhibits apoptosis by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway and upregulating Bcl-2/Bax expression in retinitis pigmentosa.展开更多
●AIM:To investigate the molecular diagnosis of a threegeneration Chinese family affected with aniridia,and further to identify clinically a PAX6 missense mutation in members with atypical aniridia.●METHODS:Eleven fa...●AIM:To investigate the molecular diagnosis of a threegeneration Chinese family affected with aniridia,and further to identify clinically a PAX6 missense mutation in members with atypical aniridia.●METHODS:Eleven family members with and without atypical aniridia were recruited.All family members underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations.A combination of whole exome sequencing(WES)and direct Sanger sequencing were performed to uncover the causative mutation.●RESULTS:Among the 11 family members,8 were clinically diagnosed with congenital aniridia(atypical aniridia phenotype).A rare heterozygous mutation c.622C>T(p.Arg208Trp)in exon 8 of PAX6 was identified in all affected family members but not in the unaffected members or in healthy control subjects.●CONCLUSION:A rare missense mutation in the PAX6 gene is found in members of a three-generation Chinese family with congenital atypical aniridia.This result contributes to an increase in the phenotypic spectrum caused by PAX6 missense heterozygous variants and provides useful information for the clinical diagnosis of atypical aniridia,which may also contribute to genetic counselling and family planning.展开更多
BACKGROUND Both N6-methyladenosine(m6A)methylation and autophagy are considered relevant to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis(UC).However,a systematic exploration of the role of the com-bination of m6A methylatio...BACKGROUND Both N6-methyladenosine(m6A)methylation and autophagy are considered relevant to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis(UC).However,a systematic exploration of the role of the com-bination of m6A methylation and autophagy in UC remains to be performed.AIM To elucidate the autophagy-related genes of m6A with a diagnostic value for UC.METHODS The correlation between m6A-related genes and autophagy-related genes(ARGs)was analyzed.Finally,gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was performed on the characteristic genes.Additionally,the expression levels of four characteristic genes were verified in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice.RESULTS GSEA indicated that BAG3,P4HB and TP53INP2 were involved in the inflammatory response and TNF-αsignalling via nuclear factor kappa-B.Furthermore,polymerase chain reaction results showed significantly higher mRNA levels of BAG3 and P4HB and lower mRNA levels of FMR1 and TP53INP2 in the DSS group compared to the control group.CONCLUSION This study identified four m6A-ARGs that predict the occurrence of UC,thus providing a scientific reference for further studies on the pathogenesis of UC.展开更多
采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real Time PCR)方法,对不同生长阶段的西藏小型猪和军牧一号白猪的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏及肌肉组织中胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白6(IGFBP-6)基因mRNA表达水平进行检测,并利用t检验,对相同生长阶段的各组织2个品种猪之间...采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real Time PCR)方法,对不同生长阶段的西藏小型猪和军牧一号白猪的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏及肌肉组织中胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白6(IGFBP-6)基因mRNA表达水平进行检测,并利用t检验,对相同生长阶段的各组织2个品种猪之间的表达水平进行比较分析。结果表明:西藏小型猪与军牧一号白猪IGFBP-6基因均在肌肉组织中表达量最高,而在肝组织中表达量最低。IGFBP-6基因在1日龄肾脏中,西藏小型猪表达水平高于军牧一号白猪,差异显著(P<0.05);在脾脏组织中,西藏小型猪表达水平低于军牧一号白猪,表达水平差异极显著(P<0.01)。其他生长阶段和组织中,2个品种猪IGFBP-6基因表达水平差异均不显著(P>0.05)。展开更多
To clone the DL-6 gene, positive and negative cross combinations were developed between dl-6 and 9311; based on the genetic analysis, it was found that drooping leaf was controlled by one recessive nuclear gene DL-6, ...To clone the DL-6 gene, positive and negative cross combinations were developed between dl-6 and 9311; based on the genetic analysis, it was found that drooping leaf was controlled by one recessive nuclear gene DL-6, DL-6 was pri- marily mapped on the short arm of chromosome 3 with SSR markers, finally the DL-6 gene was fine mapped in the 85 kb section between markers 13-5 and 13-8 using newly developed InDel marker; the open reading frames （ORFs） in the sec- tion were analyzed and found that YABBY gene coded by ORF9 might be a droop- ing leaf-related gene. YABBY genes in mutant dl-6 and in wild type were se- quenced, and the sequencing results were compared with Nipponbare sequence, and showed that 1 bp mutation was found in first exon of YABBY gene in the mu- tant dl-6, which caused the coded cysteine of the wild type become the arginine of the mutant; at the same time, 8 bp deletion was also found at 3＇ end of ORF9 gene. These two mutations which one was the functional mutation of dl-6 has been still uncertain and needed further research.展开更多
AIM To observe the tumor inhibitory effects bytransfecting IL-6 cDNA into colon cancer cell lineHT-29 with retroviral vector pZIP cDNA.METHODS Human IL-6 gene was reconstructedin retrovirus vector and transfected into...AIM To observe the tumor inhibitory effects bytransfecting IL-6 cDNA into colon cancer cell lineHT-29 with retroviral vector pZIP cDNA.METHODS Human IL-6 gene was reconstructedin retrovirus vector and transfected into incasingcells PA317 by lipofectamine mediated method,the clones of the cells transferred with hlL-6were selected by G418,and targeted HT-29 cellswere infected with the virus granules secretedfrom PA317 and also selected by G418.Test genetranscription and expression level byhybridization,ELISA and MTT assay,etc.Analyze tumor inhibitory effects according to thecell growth curve,plating forming rate andtumorigenicity in nude mice.RESULT Successfully constructed andtransfected recombinant expressing vectorspZIPIL-6 cDNA and got positive transfected celllines.The colon cancer cell line(HT-29 IL-5)transfected with the hlL-5 gene by retroviralvector was established.The log proliferationperiod and the doubling time of this cell line wasbetween 4 to 7 days and 2.5 days according tothe direct cell count,the cell proliferation wasobviously inhibited with MTT assay,the platinginhibitory rate was 50% by plating efficiencytest.When HT-29 IL-6 cells were inoculated intothe nude mice subcutaneously,carcinogenicactivity of the solid tumor was found superior tothe control group and the size of tumor was notsignificantly enlarged.Injection of combinationvirus fluid containing 11.-6 gene intotransplantation tumors could inhibit the growthand development of the tumor.CONCLUSION IL-6 could inhibit the growth andproliferation of colon cancer cells by retroviralvector-mediated transduction.展开更多
The X gene of HBV encodes a 17-kD protein, termed HBx, which has been shown to function as a transcriptional trans-activator of a variety of viral and cellular promoter/enhancer elements. The aim of this study was to ...The X gene of HBV encodes a 17-kD protein, termed HBx, which has been shown to function as a transcriptional trans-activator of a variety of viral and cellular promoter/enhancer elements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HBx on gene expression of interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-6, and proliferation of rat mesangial cells in vitro. The X gene of HBV was amplified by PCR assay, and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pCI-neo. The structure of recombinant pCI-neo-X plasmid was proved by restrict endonuclease digestion and sequencing analysis. pCI-neo-X was transfected into cultured rat mesangial cell line in vitro via liposome. HBx expression in transfected mesangial cells was detected by Western blot. The IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression in those cells was assayed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Mesangial cell proliferation was tested by MTT. The results showed that HBx was obviously expressed in cultured mesangial cell line at 36th and 48th h after transfection. The expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA was simultaneously increased. The cell proliferation was also obvious at the same time. It was concluded that HBx gene transfection could induce IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression and mesangial cell proliferation. HBx may play a critical role in mesangial cell proliferation through upregulation of the IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression.展开更多
Although AGAMOUS-LIKE6 (AGL6) MADS-box genes are ancient with wide distributions in gymnosperms and angiosperms, their functions remain poorly understood. Here, we show the biological role of the AGL6-1ike gene, OsMAD...Although AGAMOUS-LIKE6 (AGL6) MADS-box genes are ancient with wide distributions in gymnosperms and angiosperms, their functions remain poorly understood. Here, we show the biological role of the AGL6-1ike gene, OsMADS6, in specifying floral organ and meristem identities in rice (Oryza sativa L.). OsMADS6 was strongly ex- pressed in the floral meristem at early stages. Subsequently, OsMADS6 transcripts were mainly detectable in paleas, lodicules, carpels and the integument of ovule, as well as in the receptacle. Compared to wild type plants, osmads6 mutants displayed altered palea identity, extra glume-like or mosaic organs, abnormal carpel development and loss of floral meristem determinacy. Strikingly, mutation of a SEPALLATA (SEP)-like gene, OsMADS1 (LHS1), enhanced the defect of osmads6 flowers, and no inner floral organs or glume-like structures were observed in whorls 2 and 3 of osmadsl-z osmads6-1 flowers. Furthermore, the osmadsl-z osmads6-1 double mutants developed severely indetermi- nate floral meristems. Our finding, therefore, suggests that the ancient OsMADS6 gene is able to specify "floral state" by determining floral organ and meristem identities in monocot crop rice together with OsMADS1.展开更多
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase（FBPase） is one of the key enzymes in Calvin circle and starch biosynthesis. In this study, the full-length of cpFBPase gene from Pyropia haitanensis was cloned by using rapid amplificatio...Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase（FBPase） is one of the key enzymes in Calvin circle and starch biosynthesis. In this study, the full-length of cpFBPase gene from Pyropia haitanensis was cloned by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE） technology. The nucleotide sequence of PhcpFBPase consists of 1 400 bp, including a 5′ untranslated region（UTR） of 92 bp, a 3′？UTR of 69 bp, and an open reading frame（ORF） of 1 236 bp, which can be translated into a 412-amino-acid putative peptides with a molecular weight of 44.3 kDa and a theoretical pI of 5.23. Multiple sequence alignment indicated that the protein belonged to the chloroplast FBPase enzyme. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the protein assembled with the cpFBPase of a thermal tolerant unicellular red micro-algae Galdieria sulphuraria. Expression patterns analyzed by qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of PhcpFBPase gene in the thallus phage was 7-fold higher than in the conchocelis phage, which suggested the different mechanisms of inorganic carbon utilization among the different life phages of P. haitanensis. And the different response modes of PhcpFBPase mRNA levels to high temperature and desiccation stress indicated that PhcpFBPase played an important role in responsing to abiotic stress.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.82071008(to BL)and 82004001(to XJ)Medical Science and Technology Program of Health Commission of Henan Province,No.LHGJ20210072(to RQ)Science and Technology Department of Henan Province,No.212102310307(to XJ)。
文摘Retinitis pigmentosa is a group of inherited diseases that lead to retinal degeneration and photoreceptor cell death.However,there is no effective treatment for retinitis pigmentosa caused by PDE6B mutation.Adeno-associated virus(AAV)-mediated gene therapy is a promising strategy for treating retinitis pigmentosa.The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanisms by which AAV2-PDE6B rescues retinal function.To do this,we injected retinal degeneration 10(rd10)mice subretinally with AAV2-PDE6B and assessed the therapeutic effects on retinal function and structure using dark-and light-adapted electroretinogram,optical coherence tomography,and immunofluorescence.Data-independent acquisition-mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis was conducted to investigate protein expression levels and pathway enrichment,and the results from this analysis were verified by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.AAV2-PDE6B injection significantly upregulated PDE6βexpression,preserved electroretinogram responses,and preserved outer nuclear layer thickness in rd10 mice.Differentially expressed proteins between wild-type and rd10 mice were closely related to visual perception,and treating rd10 mice with AAV2-PDE6B restored differentially expressed protein expression to levels similar to those seen in wild-type mice.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analysis showed that the differentially expressed proteins whose expression was most significantly altered by AAV2-PDE6B injection were enriched in phototransduction pathways.Furthermore,the phototransductionrelated proteins Pde6α,Rom1,Rho,Aldh1a1,and Rbp1 exhibited opposite expression patterns in rd10 mice with or without AAV2-PDE6B treatment.Finally,Bax/Bcl-2,p-ERK/ERK,and p-c-Fos/c-Fos expression levels decreased in rd10 mice following AAV2-PDE6B treatment.Our data suggest that AAV2-PDE6B-mediated gene therapy promotes phototransduction and inhibits apoptosis by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway and upregulating Bcl-2/Bax expression in retinitis pigmentosa.
文摘●AIM:To investigate the molecular diagnosis of a threegeneration Chinese family affected with aniridia,and further to identify clinically a PAX6 missense mutation in members with atypical aniridia.●METHODS:Eleven family members with and without atypical aniridia were recruited.All family members underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations.A combination of whole exome sequencing(WES)and direct Sanger sequencing were performed to uncover the causative mutation.●RESULTS:Among the 11 family members,8 were clinically diagnosed with congenital aniridia(atypical aniridia phenotype).A rare heterozygous mutation c.622C>T(p.Arg208Trp)in exon 8 of PAX6 was identified in all affected family members but not in the unaffected members or in healthy control subjects.●CONCLUSION:A rare missense mutation in the PAX6 gene is found in members of a three-generation Chinese family with congenital atypical aniridia.This result contributes to an increase in the phenotypic spectrum caused by PAX6 missense heterozygous variants and provides useful information for the clinical diagnosis of atypical aniridia,which may also contribute to genetic counselling and family planning.
文摘BACKGROUND Both N6-methyladenosine(m6A)methylation and autophagy are considered relevant to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis(UC).However,a systematic exploration of the role of the com-bination of m6A methylation and autophagy in UC remains to be performed.AIM To elucidate the autophagy-related genes of m6A with a diagnostic value for UC.METHODS The correlation between m6A-related genes and autophagy-related genes(ARGs)was analyzed.Finally,gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was performed on the characteristic genes.Additionally,the expression levels of four characteristic genes were verified in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice.RESULTS GSEA indicated that BAG3,P4HB and TP53INP2 were involved in the inflammatory response and TNF-αsignalling via nuclear factor kappa-B.Furthermore,polymerase chain reaction results showed significantly higher mRNA levels of BAG3 and P4HB and lower mRNA levels of FMR1 and TP53INP2 in the DSS group compared to the control group.CONCLUSION This study identified four m6A-ARGs that predict the occurrence of UC,thus providing a scientific reference for further studies on the pathogenesis of UC.
文摘采用实时荧光定量PCR(Real Time PCR)方法,对不同生长阶段的西藏小型猪和军牧一号白猪的肝脏、脾脏、肾脏及肌肉组织中胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白6(IGFBP-6)基因mRNA表达水平进行检测,并利用t检验,对相同生长阶段的各组织2个品种猪之间的表达水平进行比较分析。结果表明:西藏小型猪与军牧一号白猪IGFBP-6基因均在肌肉组织中表达量最高,而在肝组织中表达量最低。IGFBP-6基因在1日龄肾脏中,西藏小型猪表达水平高于军牧一号白猪,差异显著(P<0.05);在脾脏组织中,西藏小型猪表达水平低于军牧一号白猪,表达水平差异极显著(P<0.01)。其他生长阶段和组织中,2个品种猪IGFBP-6基因表达水平差异均不显著(P>0.05)。
基金Supported by the Key Project of National Science and Technology Support Plan(2011BAD16B03)Postgraduate Innovation Project of Jiangsu Province(CXZZ12_0906)+2 种基金the Project of Agricultural Independent Innovation Fund in Jiangsu Province[CX(12)1003]Natural Science Fund in Jiangsu Province(BK20130725)the Project of Science and Technology Support Program in Jiangsu Province(BE2012309)~~
文摘To clone the DL-6 gene, positive and negative cross combinations were developed between dl-6 and 9311; based on the genetic analysis, it was found that drooping leaf was controlled by one recessive nuclear gene DL-6, DL-6 was pri- marily mapped on the short arm of chromosome 3 with SSR markers, finally the DL-6 gene was fine mapped in the 85 kb section between markers 13-5 and 13-8 using newly developed InDel marker; the open reading frames （ORFs） in the sec- tion were analyzed and found that YABBY gene coded by ORF9 might be a droop- ing leaf-related gene. YABBY genes in mutant dl-6 and in wild type were se- quenced, and the sequencing results were compared with Nipponbare sequence, and showed that 1 bp mutation was found in first exon of YABBY gene in the mu- tant dl-6, which caused the coded cysteine of the wild type become the arginine of the mutant; at the same time, 8 bp deletion was also found at 3＇ end of ORF9 gene. These two mutations which one was the functional mutation of dl-6 has been still uncertain and needed further research.
文摘AIM To observe the tumor inhibitory effects bytransfecting IL-6 cDNA into colon cancer cell lineHT-29 with retroviral vector pZIP cDNA.METHODS Human IL-6 gene was reconstructedin retrovirus vector and transfected into incasingcells PA317 by lipofectamine mediated method,the clones of the cells transferred with hlL-6were selected by G418,and targeted HT-29 cellswere infected with the virus granules secretedfrom PA317 and also selected by G418.Test genetranscription and expression level byhybridization,ELISA and MTT assay,etc.Analyze tumor inhibitory effects according to thecell growth curve,plating forming rate andtumorigenicity in nude mice.RESULT Successfully constructed andtransfected recombinant expressing vectorspZIPIL-6 cDNA and got positive transfected celllines.The colon cancer cell line(HT-29 IL-5)transfected with the hlL-5 gene by retroviralvector was established.The log proliferationperiod and the doubling time of this cell line wasbetween 4 to 7 days and 2.5 days according tothe direct cell count,the cell proliferation wasobviously inhibited with MTT assay,the platinginhibitory rate was 50% by plating efficiencytest.When HT-29 IL-6 cells were inoculated intothe nude mice subcutaneously,carcinogenicactivity of the solid tumor was found superior tothe control group and the size of tumor was notsignificantly enlarged.Injection of combinationvirus fluid containing 11.-6 gene intotransplantation tumors could inhibit the growthand development of the tumor.CONCLUSION IL-6 could inhibit the growth andproliferation of colon cancer cells by retroviralvector-mediated transduction.
基金a grant from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30772360)
文摘The X gene of HBV encodes a 17-kD protein, termed HBx, which has been shown to function as a transcriptional trans-activator of a variety of viral and cellular promoter/enhancer elements. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HBx on gene expression of interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-6, and proliferation of rat mesangial cells in vitro. The X gene of HBV was amplified by PCR assay, and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pCI-neo. The structure of recombinant pCI-neo-X plasmid was proved by restrict endonuclease digestion and sequencing analysis. pCI-neo-X was transfected into cultured rat mesangial cell line in vitro via liposome. HBx expression in transfected mesangial cells was detected by Western blot. The IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA expression in those cells was assayed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Mesangial cell proliferation was tested by MTT. The results showed that HBx was obviously expressed in cultured mesangial cell line at 36th and 48th h after transfection. The expression of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA was simultaneously increased. The cell proliferation was also obvious at the same time. It was concluded that HBx gene transfection could induce IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression and mesangial cell proliferation. HBx may play a critical role in mesangial cell proliferation through upregulation of the IL-1β and IL-6 gene expression.
基金We gratefully acknowledge B Han from National Center for Gene Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Rice Genome Resource Center (RGRC) for providing BAC clone, cDNA clone and Tosl7 insertion line. We thank Z-J Luo and M-J Chen from Shanghai Jiao Tong University for mutant screening and generation of F2 populations, X-Y Gao from Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, SIBS, CAS, for SEM, H Yu from Nation- al University Of Singapore for critical reading of this manuscript and H Ma from Fudan University for helpful discussion. This work was supported by funds from the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB941500, 2006CB 101700), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30725022, 30830014 and 90717109) and the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B205).
文摘Although AGAMOUS-LIKE6 (AGL6) MADS-box genes are ancient with wide distributions in gymnosperms and angiosperms, their functions remain poorly understood. Here, we show the biological role of the AGL6-1ike gene, OsMADS6, in specifying floral organ and meristem identities in rice (Oryza sativa L.). OsMADS6 was strongly ex- pressed in the floral meristem at early stages. Subsequently, OsMADS6 transcripts were mainly detectable in paleas, lodicules, carpels and the integument of ovule, as well as in the receptacle. Compared to wild type plants, osmads6 mutants displayed altered palea identity, extra glume-like or mosaic organs, abnormal carpel development and loss of floral meristem determinacy. Strikingly, mutation of a SEPALLATA (SEP)-like gene, OsMADS1 (LHS1), enhanced the defect of osmads6 flowers, and no inner floral organs or glume-like structures were observed in whorls 2 and 3 of osmadsl-z osmads6-1 flowers. Furthermore, the osmadsl-z osmads6-1 double mutants developed severely indetermi- nate floral meristems. Our finding, therefore, suggests that the ancient OsMADS6 gene is able to specify "floral state" by determining floral organ and meristem identities in monocot crop rice together with OsMADS1.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41176151 and 41276177the National High Technology Research&Development Program of China under contract No.2012AA100811the Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists of Fujian Province of China under contract No.2010J06016
文摘Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase（FBPase） is one of the key enzymes in Calvin circle and starch biosynthesis. In this study, the full-length of cpFBPase gene from Pyropia haitanensis was cloned by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends（RACE） technology. The nucleotide sequence of PhcpFBPase consists of 1 400 bp, including a 5′ untranslated region（UTR） of 92 bp, a 3′？UTR of 69 bp, and an open reading frame（ORF） of 1 236 bp, which can be translated into a 412-amino-acid putative peptides with a molecular weight of 44.3 kDa and a theoretical pI of 5.23. Multiple sequence alignment indicated that the protein belonged to the chloroplast FBPase enzyme. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the protein assembled with the cpFBPase of a thermal tolerant unicellular red micro-algae Galdieria sulphuraria. Expression patterns analyzed by qRT-PCR revealed that the expression of PhcpFBPase gene in the thallus phage was 7-fold higher than in the conchocelis phage, which suggested the different mechanisms of inorganic carbon utilization among the different life phages of P. haitanensis. And the different response modes of PhcpFBPase mRNA levels to high temperature and desiccation stress indicated that PhcpFBPase played an important role in responsing to abiotic stress.
