The Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Regulates T Cell Antigen Receptor Induced IL-2 Production

Differential contributions of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor and GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-AP) to signalling remain poorly understood. Here we show that GPI-AP deficient murine clones produce on average 18 and 181-fold more IL-2 mRNA and protein, respectively, upon T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, in a cell-intrinsic fashion. This phenotype is formally attributed to a mutation within the transferase complex that predicates the initial step in GPI-anchor biosynthesis. Conditional disruption of the transferase complex enabled the generation of primary GPI-AP deficient CD4+ T cells, which produce on average 10- and 23-fold more IL-2 mRNA and protein, respectively, upon TCR stimulation. Conditional disruption of the transamidase complex yields GPI-sufficient, GPI-AP deficient primary CD4+ T cells. TCR stimulation of these cells yields levels of IL-2 mRNA and protein ranging from 1 - 3 and 3-fold, respectively, of controls. These results provide the first evidence of a profound impact of GPI in the regulation of TCR signalling.

Immunomodulating property of Ocimum sanctum by regulating the IL-2 production and its mRNA expression using rat's splenocytes

Objective:To investigate the regulatory effect of aqueous extract of leaves of Ocimum sanctum on IL-2 cytokine production in vivo and in vitro,and the effect of leaves extract on general blood picture including T& B lymphocytes.Methods:For in vivo studies albino Wistar rats were treated with aqueous crude leaves extract of Ocimum sanctum for 20 consecutive days.Spleen cells were harvested and assayed for IL-2 production by using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and mRNA expression methods.For in vitro study aqueous Ocimum sanctum leaves extract= in different concentrations(25-500μ/mL) was added into culture plates containing ConA stimulated splenocytes.To study the overall effect on blood picture,density gradient purified lymphocytes analysis and conventional methodology for total and differential leukocyte count and hemoglobin level were also done.Results:It indicated that the rats treated with Ocimum sanctum leaves extract had significantly enhanced(P【0.001) ability of spleen cells to secrete IL-2.Investigation in vitro also showed regulation of IL-2 production.Blood study exhibited leucocytosis and augmentation of T& B lymphocytes by 25%approximately.4-5%increase in Hemoglobin value was also noticed.Conclusion:Aqueous Ocimum sanctum leaves extract may have stimulatory effect on T & B lymphocytes particularly on Th 1 subset of lymphocytes as shown by enhancement in IL-2 production.

Effect of Garboxyethylgermanium Sesquioxide(Ge-132)on the IL-2 production in vitro

It is observed that Ge-132 can increase human interleukin-2（IL-2）productionby the peripheral blood mononuclear cells（PBMC）under PHA induction in vitro.TraceGe-132(10-3-1μg/ml)can obviously increase the IL-2 production;even utmost minimalGe-132 (10-4-10-1μg/ml)can promote the reactivity of lymphocyres to IL-2.The proba-ble anticancer mechanism of Ge-132 was discussed.

High glucose reduces Nrf2-dependent cRAGE release and enhances inflammasome-dependent IL-1βproduction in monocytes:the modulatory effects of EGCG

Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products(sRAGE)acts as a decoy sequestering of RAGE ligands,thus preventing the activation of the ligand-RAGE axis linking human diseases.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying sRAGE remain unclear.In this study,THP-1 monocytes were cultured in normal glucose(NG,5.5 mmol/L)and high glucose(HG,15 mmol/L)to investigate the effects of diabetesrelevant glucose concentrations on sRAGE and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)secretion.The modulatory effects of epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)in response to HG challenge were also evaluated.HG enhanced intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation and RAGE expression.The secretion of sRAGE,including esRAGE and cRAGE,was reduced under HG conditions,together with the downregulation of a disintegrin and metallopeptidase 10(ADAM10)and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)nuclear translocation.Mechanistically,the HG effects were counteracted by siRAGE and exacerbated by siNrf2.Chromatin immunoprecipitation results showed that Nrf2 binding to the ADAM10 promoter and HG interfered with this binding.Our data reinforce the notion that RAGE and Nrf2 might be sRAGE-regulating factors.Under HG conditions,the treatment of EGCG reduced ROS generation and RAGE activation.EGCG-stimulated cRAGE release was likely caused by the upregulation of the Nrf2-ADAM10 pathway.EGCG inhibited HG-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation at least partly by stimulating sRAGE,thereby reducing IL-1βrelease.

Single-base editing in IGF2 improves meat production and intramuscular fat deposition in Liang Guang Small Spotted pigs

Background Chinese indigenous pigs are popular with consumers for their juiciness,flavour and meat quality,but they have lower meat production.Insulin-like growth factor 2(IGF2) is a maternally imprinted growth factor that promotes skeletal muscle growth by regulating cell proliferation and differentiation.A single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) within intron 3 of porcine IGF2 disrupts a binding site for the repressor,zinc finger BED-type containing 6(ZBED6),leading to up-regulation of IGF2 and causing major effects on muscle growth,heart size,and backfat thickness.This favorable mutation is common in Western commercial pig populations,but absent in most Chinese indigenous pig breeds.To improve meat production of Chinese indigenous pigs,we used cytosine base editor 3(CBE3)to introduce IGF2 intron3-C3071T mutation into porcine embryonic fibroblasts(PEFs) isolated from a male Liang Guang Small Spotted pig(LGSS),and single-cell clones harboring the desired mutation were selected for somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) to generate the founder line of IGF2^(T/T) pigs.Results We found the heterozygous progeny IGF2^(C/T) pigs exhibited enhanced expression of IGF2,increased lean meat by 18%-36%,enlarged loin muscle area by 3%-17%,improved intramuscular fat(IMF) content by 18%-39%,marbling score by 0.75-1,meat color score by 0.53-1.25,and reduced backfat thickness by 5%-16%.The enhanced accumulation of intramuscular fat in IGF2^(C/T) pigs was identified to be regulated by the PI3K-AKT/AMPK pathway,which activated SREBP1 to promote adipogenesis.Conclusions We demonstrated the introduction of IGF2-intron3-C3071T in Chinese LGSS can improve both meat production and quality,and first identified the regulation of IMF deposition by IGF2 through SREBP1 via the PI3KAKT/AMPK signaling pathways.Our study provides a further understanding of the biological functions of IGF2and an example for improving porcine economic traits through precise base editing.

Thermochemical splitting of CO_(2) on perovskites for CO production: A review

Energy supply dominated by fossil energy has been and remains the main cause of carbon dioxide emissions,the major greenhouse gas leading to the current grave climate change challenges.Many technical pathways have been proposed to address the challenges.Carbon capture and utilization(CCU) represents one of the approaches and thermochemical CO_(2) splitting driven by thermal energy is a subset of the CCU,which converts the captured CO_(2) into CO and makes it possible to achieve closed-loop carbon recirculation.Redox-active catalysts are among the most critical components of the thermochemical splitting cycles and perovskites are regarded as the most promising catalysts.Here we review the latest advancements in thermochemical cycles based on perovskites,covering thermodynamic principles,material modifications,reaction kinetics,oxygen pressure control,circular strategies,and demonstrations to provide a comprehensive overview of the topical area.Thermochemical cycles based on such materials require the consideration of trade-off between cost and efficiency,which is related to actual material used,operation mode,oxygen removal,and heat recovery.Lots of efforts have been made towards improving reaction rates,conversion efficiency and cycling stability,materials related research has been lacking-a key aspect affecting the performance across all above aspects.Double perovskites and composite perovskites arise recently as a potentially promising addition to material candidates.For such materials,more effective oxygen removal would be needed to enhance the overall efficiency,for which thermochemical or electrochemical oxygen pumps could contribute to efficient oxygen removal as well as serve as means for inert gas regeneration.The integration of thermochemical CO_(2) splitting process with downstream fuel production and other processes could reduce costs and increase efficiency of the technology.This represents one of the directions for the future research.

In-situ photodeposition of co-catalyst Ni_(2)P on CdS for photocatalytic conversion of ethanol for synergistic hydrogen production

In this study,Ni_(2)P/CdS composites were constructed by depositing non-precious metal co-catalyst Ni_(2)P on a one-dimensional network of CdS using a simple in-situ photodeposition method.The prepared photocatalysts promoted the decomposition of ethanol into high-value-added products while generating hydrogen.The composite photoanodes loaded with the Ni_(2)P co-catalysts showed significantly higher ethanol conversion and hydrogen production in the visible light region,which was almost three times higher than that of pure CdS.The main products of photocatalytic ethanol production are acetaldehyde(AA)and 2,3-butanediol(2,3-BDA).Compared with CdS,the selectivity of the composite photocatalysts for converting ethanol to acetaldehyde was significantly improved(62% to 78%).Characterization of the prepared photocatalysts confirmed that the loading of Ni_(2)P co-catalysts on CdS not only broadened the optical region of the catalysts for trapping light but also effectively promoted the separation and transfer of charge carriers,which significantly improved the photocatalytic efficiency of ethanol conversion and hydrogen production in the catalysts.It has been proven through Electron Paramagnetic Resonance testing that loading a Ni_(2)P co-catalyst on CdS is beneficial for the adsorption of hydroxyethyl radicals(*CH(OH)CH_(3)),thereby further improving the selectivity of acetaldehyde.This study plays an important role in the rational design of composite catalyst structures and the introduction of co-catalysts to improve catalyst performance,promote green chemistry,advocate a low-carbon society,and promote sustainable development.

Enhanced gas production and CO_(2) storage in hydrate-bearing sediments via pre-depressurization and rapid CO_(2) injection

Carbon emission reduction and clean energy development are urgent demands for mankind in the coming decades.Exploring an efficient CO_(2) storage method can significantly reduce CO_(2) emissions in the short term.In this study,we attempted to construct sediment samples with different residual CH_(4) hydrate amounts and reservoir conditions,and then investigate the potentials of both CO_(2) storage and enhanced CH_(4) recovery in depleted gas hydrate deposits in the permafrost and ocean zones,respectively.The results demonstrate that CO_(2) hydrate formation rate can be significantly improved due to the presence of residual hydrate seeds;However,excessive residual hydrates in turn lead to the decrease in CO_(2) storage efficiency.Affected by the T-P conditions of the reservoir,the storage amount of liquid CO_(2) can reach 8 times that of gaseous CO_(2),and CO_(2) stored in hydrate form reaches 2-4 times.Additionally,we noticed two other advantages of this method.One is that CO_(2) injection can enhance CH_(4) recovery rate and increases CH_(4) recovery by 10%-20%.The second is that hydrate saturation in the reservoir can be restored to 20%-40%,which means that the solid volume of the reservoir avoids serious shrinkage.Obviously,this is crucial for protecting the goaf stability.In summary,this approach is greatly promising for high-efficient CO_(2) storage and safe exploitation of gas hydrate.

Investigating the charge transfer mechanism of ZnSe QD/COF S-scheme photocatalyst for H_(2)O_(2) production by using femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy

Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))has gained widespread attention as a versatile oxidant and a mild disin-fectant.Here,an electrostatic self-assembly method is applied to couple ZnSe quantum dots(QDs)with a flower-like covalent organic framework(COF)to form a step-scheme(S-scheme)photocata-lyst for H_(2)O_(2)production.The as-prepared S-scheme photocatalyst exhibits a broad light absorption range with an edge at 810 nm owing to the synergistic effect between the ZnSe QDs and COF.The S-scheme charge-carrier transfer mechanism is validated by performing Fermi level calculations and in-situ X-ray photoelectron and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopies.Photolumi-nescence,time-resolved photoluminescence,photocurrent response,electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,and electron paramagnetic resonance results show that the S-scheme heterojunction not only promotes charge carrier separation but also boosts the redox ability,resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance.Remarkably,a 10%-ZnSe QD/COF has excellent photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2)-production activity,and the optimal S-scheme composite with ethanol as the hole scavenger yields a H_(2)O_(2)-production rate of 1895 mol g^(-1)h^(-1).This study presents an example of a high-performance organic/inorganic S-scheme photocatalyst for H_(2)O_(2)production.

Vacancy engineering mediated hollow structured ZnO/ZnS S-scheme heterojunction for highly efficient photocatalytic H_(2) production

Designing a step-scheme(S-scheme)heterojunction photocatalyst with vacancy engineering is a reliable approach to achieve highly efficient photocatalytic H_(2)production activity.Herein,a hollow ZnO/ZnS S-scheme heterojunction with O and Zn vacancies(VO,Zn-ZnO/ZnS)is rationally constructed via ion-exchange and calcination treatments.In such a photocatalytic system,the hollow structure combined with the introduction of dual vacancies endows the adequate light absorption.Moreover,the O and Zn vacancies serve as the trapping sites for photo-induced electrons and holes,respectively,which are beneficial for promoting the photo-induced carrier separation.Meanwhile,the S-scheme charge transfer mechanism can not only improve the separation and transfer efficiencies of photo-induced carrier but also retain the strong redox capacity.As expected,the optimized VO,Zn-ZnO/ZnS heterojunction exhibits a superior photocatalytic H_(2) production rate of 160.91 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1),approximately 643.6 times and 214.5 times with respect to that obtained on pure ZnO and ZnS,respectively.Simultaneously,the experimental results and density functional theory calculations disclose that the photo-induced carrier transfer pathway follows the S-scheme heterojunction mechanism and the introduction of O and Zn vacancies reduces the surface reaction barrier.This work provides an innovative strategy of vacancy engineering in S-scheme heterojunction for solar-to-fuel energy conversion.

Exploring pore-scale production characteristics of oil shale after CO_(2) huff‘n’puff in fractured shale with varied permeability

Recent studies have indicated that the injection of carbon dioxide(CO_(2))can lead to increased oil recovery in fractured shale reservoirs following natural depletion.Despite advancements in understanding mass exchange processes in subsurface formations,there remains a knowledge gap concerning the disparities in these processes between the matrix and fractures at the pore scale in formations with varying permeability.This study aims to experimentally investigate the CO_(2) diffusion behaviors and in situ oil recovery through a CO_(2) huff‘n’puff process in the Jimsar shale oil reservoir.To achieve this,we designed three matrix-fracture models with different permeabilities(0.074 mD,0.170 mD,and 0.466 mD)and experimented at 30 MPa and 91℃.The oil concentration in both the matrix and fracture was monitored using a low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR)technique to quantify in situ oil recovery and elucidate mass-exchange behaviors.The results showed that after three cycles of CO_(2) huff‘n’puff,the total recovery degree increased from 30.28%to 34.95%as the matrix permeability of the core samples increased from 0.074 to 0.466 mD,indicating a positive correlation between CO_(2) extraction efficiency and matrix permeability.Under similar fracture conditions,the increase in matrix permeability further promoted CO_(2) extraction efficiency during CO_(2) huff‘n’puff.Specifically,the increase in matrix permeability of the core had the greatest effect on the extraction of the first-cycle injection in large pores,which increased from 16.42%to 36.64%.The findings from our research provide valuable insights into the CO_(2) huff‘n’puff effects in different pore sizes following fracturing under varying permeability conditions,shedding light on the mechanisms of CO_(2)-enhanced oil recovery in fractured shale oil reservoirs.

Optimized electrochemical ammonia production:From metal-N_(2)/NO_(x) batteries to aqueous metal-NO_(x)^(–) batteries

Ammonia plays a crucial role in contemporary society,impacting medicine,agriculture,and the chemical industry.The conventional industrial synthesis of NH_(3) through the Haber-Bosch technique,carried out under severe reaction conditions,leads to substantial energy consumption and environmental pollution.It is thus imperative for NH_(3) synthesis methods to be investigated under more favorable conditions.Synthesis of ammonia by electrocatalysis can effectively reduce the environmental damage and other urgent problems,which is a promising solution.Metal-nitrogen series batteries(M-N batteries),such as metal-nitrogen gas batteries,metal-nitrogen oxide batteries and metal-oxynitride batteries have been regarded recently as an exemplar of concurrent NH_(3) synthesis and energy production.Nonetheless,the large-scale application of these batteries is still limited by numerous challenges are currently existing in building high-efficiency M-N batteries,including poor Faradic efficiency and low NH_(3) yield.Therefore,a comprehensive overview of M-N batteries is offered,specifically focusing on advanced strategies for designing highly efficient cathode catalysts in anticipation of future developments.The metal anodes,cathodic electro-reduction reactions,and design principles are encompassed in the discussion,offering detailed insights to enhance understanding.Mechanisms,feasibility analyses,technoeconomic assessments,device combinations,and comparative evaluations are delved into in the review,contributing to a thorough comprehension of diverse systems and their application potential.Perspectives and opportunities for future research directions are also delineated.

Self-assembled S-scheme In_(2.77)S_(4)/K^(+)-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)photocatalyst with selective O_(2) reduction pathway for efficient H_(2)O_(2) production using water and air

The development of an efficient artificial H_(2)O_(2) photosynthesis system is a challenging work using H_(2)O and O_(2) as starting materials.Herein,3D In_(2.77)S_(4) nanoflower precursor was in-situ deposited on K^(+)-doped g-C_(3)N_(4)(KCN)nanosheets using a solvothermal method,then In_(2.77)S_(4)/KCN(IS/KCN)het-erojunction with an intimate interface was obtained after a calcination process.The investigation shows that the photocatalytic H_(2)O_(2) production rate of 50IS/KCN can reach up to 1.36 mmol g^(-1)h^(-1)without any sacrificial reagents under visible light irradiation,which is 9.2 times and 4.1 times higher than that of KCN and In_(2.77)S_(4)/respectively.The enhanced activity of the above composite can be mainly attributed to the S-scheme charge transfer route between KCN and In_(2.77)S_(4) according to density functional theory calculations,electron paramagnetic resonance and free radical capture tests,leading to an expanded light response range and rapid charge separation at their interface,as well as preserving the active electrons and holes for H_(2)O_(2) production.Besides,the unique 3D nanostructure and surface hydrophobicity of IS/KCN facilitate the diffusion and transportation of O_(2) around the active centers,the energy barriers of O_(2) protonation and H_(2)O_(2) desorption steps are ef-fectively reduced over the composite.In addition,this system also exhibits excellent light harvesting ability and stability.This work provides a potential strategy to explore a sustainable H_(2)O_(2) photo-synthesis pathway through the design of heterojunctions with intimate interfaces and desired reac-tion thermodynamics and kinetics.

INTERLEUKIN-2 (IL-2) PRODUCTION AND INTERLEUKIN-2 RECEPTOR EXPRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH APLASTIC ANEMIA

IL-2 production and IL-2 receptor (Tac antigen) of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells in 30 patients with aplastic anemic (AA) were studied. We found that mononuclear cells from patients produce spontaneously IL-2 in the absence of exogenous lee-tin stimulation, the proportion of Tac+ cells in mononuclear cells increased. The release of IL-2 and or Tac antigen expression were elevated in almost every patient with AA. The plasma from patients stimulate mitogen-induced blastogenesis and Tac antigen expression of normal human lymphocytes. Immunological 1 abnormalities of patients with AA possibly might represents secondary response to bone marrow depression.

黄芩苷对干酵母致热大鼠的解热作用及血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE_(2)、cAMP和脑组织NF-κB表达的影响

目的:观察黄芩苷对干酵母致热大鼠的解热作用并探讨其作用机制。方法:采用背部皮下注射干酵母构建大鼠发热模型,SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常对照,模型组,阳性组(阿司匹林,0.1 g/kg),黄芩苷高、中、低剂量组(160、80、40 mg/kg),连续给药3 d,测定各组大鼠肛温的变化;酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、前列腺素E_(2)(PGE_(2))与环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)水平;Western Blot检测各组大鼠脑组织NF-κB p65(核转录因子-κB p65)蛋白表达。结果:黄芩苷高剂量组有显著解热效果(P<0.01),黄芩苷各剂量组均可不同程度降低大鼠血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE 2和cAMP含量;与正常组比较,模型组脑组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达增多,黄芩苷高剂量组可明显降低大鼠脑组织NF-κB p65表达(P<0.05)。结论:黄芩苷可显著性降低干酵母引起的体温升高,解热机制可能与抑制TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6、PGE_(2)与cAMP的分泌和减少脑组织NF-κB p65蛋白表达有关。

Human β-defensin 2 enhances IL-1β production and pyroptosis through P2X7-mediated NLRP3 expression in macrophages

Periodontal disease is the leading cause of tooth loss,which is also a high-risk factor for other diseases including oral cancer and cardiovascular disease.Periodontitis is one of the most common type of periodontal diseases.Interleukin-1β(IL-1β)plays a key role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.However,the mechanism how IL-1βis produced during periodontitis is still unclear.In the present study,we found that humanβ-defensin 2(hBD2)enhances IL-1βproduction through an LPS-primed human acute monocytic leukemia(THP-1)macrophage model.Inhibition of P2X purinoceptor 7(P2X7)reduced hBD2-enhanced IL-1βproduction.Incubation of LPS-primed THP-1 macrophages with potassium chloride also suppressed hBD2-enhanced IL-1βproduction.Silence of inflammasome adaptor Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3(NLRP3)led to reduced hBD2-enhanced IL-1βproduction.Likewise,inhibition of caspase-1 also resulted in the decrease of IL-1β.Moreover,an ethidium bromide uptake test indicated that hBD2-activated caspase-1 mediated pyroptotic pore formation.Subsequent lactate dehydrogenase detection and flow cytometric analysis indicated that hBD2 also induced pyroptosis.In brief,these findings illustrated not only the mechanism of hBD2 in enhancing the inflammatory response,but also provided novel therapeutic targets for periodontitis.

结核特异性IL-2释放试验在结核感染中的诊断价值探讨

目的基于结核特异性白细胞介素2(IL-2)释放试验的结果,探讨IL-2在辅助诊断活动性结核(ATB)感染中的作用,以及用于监测治疗效果的价值。方法回顾性分析临床进行了结核感染排查的病例599例,其中确诊为活动性结核感染的病例128例,除外活动性结核感染的病例471例。(1)对与阴性对照共同孵育后上清中IL-2(N)检测值制作ROC工作曲线,分析失去抗原刺激后PBMCs持续释放IL-2的能力;(2)对抗原刺激后的响应值IL-2(T-N),制作ROC工作曲线,分析对活动性结核感染的诊断价值;(3)对比分析两组患者IL-2的阳性率;(4)观察响应值IL-2(T-N)阴性和阳性转化时间与疾病进程的依从性。结果IL-2(N)ROC曲线下面积为0.460,95%CI 0.402~0.516;IL-2(T-N)ROC曲线下面积为0.788,95%CI 0.745~0.832;在活动性结核感染组,IL-2(T-N)的阳性率显著高于非活动性结核感染组(χ^(2)=110.858,P<0.001);IL-2发生阴阳性转化的平均时间为3.1个月,时间区间为0.5~7个月。结论PBMCs失去抗原刺激后IL-2仅低水平分泌,对诊断ATB没有价值;结核分枝杆菌特异性抗原刺激后的响应值IL-2(T-N),用于诊断ATB具有一定准确性;IL-2(T-N)阴阳性转化的时间较短,在监测治疗效果方面存在一定价值,监测时间间隔建议为3个月。

结核分枝杆菌特异性IFN-γ、IL-2联合检测在肺结核与细菌性肺炎鉴别诊断中的应用

目的评价结核分枝杆菌特异性细胞因子干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)双因子联合检测在肺结核与细菌性肺炎鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法选择阜阳市人民医院2022年1月-2023年10月呼吸科住院患者91例,明确诊断为肺结核患者45例(肺结核组)和细菌性肺炎患者46例(肺炎组),均进行双因子联合检测,比对分析双因子联合检测与C反应蛋白(CRP)对肺结核和细菌性肺炎鉴别诊断的效果。结果使用双因子联合检测对肺结核与细菌性肺炎进行鉴别诊断,灵敏度为86.7%、特异度为84.8%,受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)值为0.928(95%CI:0.870~0.986),与CRP的鉴别诊断效果相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论结核分枝杆菌特异性细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-2联合检测在鉴别肺结核与细菌性肺炎时具有较高的应用价值,能为临床肺结核和细菌性肺炎的鉴别诊断提供依据。

TIPE2在IMN中的变化及其与巨噬细胞极化相关细胞因子及IL-17/IL-10的关联研究

目的:搜集IMN病例标本,检测TIPE2的表达水平,研究其与IMN引起巨噬细胞极化相关细胞因子及IL-17/IL-10的关联。方法:选取IMN患者60例为IMN组,招募健康受试者50例为对照组。2组TIPE2水平按文献方法测定,TNF-α、IL-2、IL-17和IL-10水平采用ELISA法检测。结果:IMN组血和尿β_(2)-微球蛋白含量、尿蛋白指标均高于对照组、肌酐水平低于对照组(P<0.001)、而TIPE2、TNF-α、IL-2水平和IL-17/IL-10比值显著高于对照组(P<0.001);TIPE2水平与TNF-α、IL-2、IL-17/IL-10值均呈正相关(P<0.001)。结论:本研究可为临床治疗及药物研发提供新的方向,为基础分子参与的免疫调节提供依据。

滋阴凉血方联合泼尼松对免疫性血小板减少性紫癜小鼠免疫功能及ST2/IL-33通路的影响

目的:探讨滋阴凉血方联合泼尼松对免疫性血小板减少性紫癜小鼠免疫功能及ST2/IL-33通路的影响。方法:40只BALB/c小鼠,其中32只采用注射抗血小板血清构建免疫性血小板减少性紫癜小鼠模型,造模成功后,随机分为模型、滋阴凉血方(0.2 ml/10 g)、泼尼松(0.2 ml/10 g)和滋阴凉血方+泼尼松(0.2 ml/10 g)共4组,每组8只,剩余8只小鼠设为空白组。分别按剂量灌胃给药,模型组与空白组灌胃等量生理盐水,1次/d×2周。采集血样和脾脏组织,使用全自动血液分析仪测定外周血小板数;HE染色观察脾脏组织病理学变化;酶联免疫吸附法检测血清转化生长因子β、白细胞介素(IL)-17及外周血血小板生成素水平;Western blot检测脾脏组织IL-33、s ST2、ST2表达;流式细胞术检测外周血Th17、Treg细胞数。结果:与空白组相比,模型组小鼠血小板数、血小板生成素、转化生长因子β水平及Treg细胞均明显降低(P<0.05),IL-17水平、Th17细胞及IL-33、s ST2、ST2蛋白表达明显增加(P<0.01);与模型组相比,滋阴凉血方+泼尼松组血小板数、血小板生成素、转化生长因子β水平及Treg细胞均明显上升(P<0.05),IL-17水平、Th17细胞及IL-33、s ST2、ST2蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.01)。结论:滋阴凉血方+泼尼松可有效地调节Th17/Treg平衡,进而有效改善免疫性血小板减少性紫癜,其机制可能与调节ST2/IL-33信号通路有关。