以美国内布拉斯加医学中心(University of Nebraska Medical Center,UNMC)岗位胜任力为导向培养Pharm.D.为例,介绍了其灵活多样的课堂教学方法、丰富充实的实践课程、注重人文素质培养的教育理念。临床中药学作为一门新兴的医药交叉学科...以美国内布拉斯加医学中心(University of Nebraska Medical Center,UNMC)岗位胜任力为导向培养Pharm.D.为例,介绍了其灵活多样的课堂教学方法、丰富充实的实践课程、注重人文素质培养的教育理念。临床中药学作为一门新兴的医药交叉学科,对人才的培养存在一些不足,建议结合美国Pharm.D.培养的先进经验,构建符合学科特色的临床中药学人才培养体系,培养优秀的临床中药学人才,为中医药事业的持续发展做出贡献。展开更多
Ilexonin A is a compound isolated from the root of Ilex pubescens,a traditional Chinese medicine.Ilexonin A has been shown to play a neuroprotective role by regulating the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the...Ilexonin A is a compound isolated from the root of Ilex pubescens,a traditional Chinese medicine.Ilexonin A has been shown to play a neuroprotective role by regulating the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the peri-infarct area after ischemia.However,the effects of ilexonin A on astrocytes and microglia in the infarct-free region of the hippocampal CA1 region remain unclear.Focal cerebral ischemia models were established by 2-hour occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats.Ilexonin A(20,40 or 80 mg/kg)was administered immediately after ischemia/reperfusion.The astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein,microglia marker Iba-1,neural stem cell marker nestin and inflammation markers were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot assay.Expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin 1βwere determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the hippocampal CA1 tissue.Astrocytes were activated immediately in progressively increasing numbers from 1,3,to 7 days post-ischemia/reperfusion.The number of activated astrocytes further increased in the hippocampal CA1 region after treatment with ilexonin A.Microglial cells remained quiescent after ischemia/reperfusion,but became activated after treatment with ilexonin A.Ilexonin A enhanced nestin expression and reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin 1βin the hippocampus post-ischemia/reperfusion.The results of the present study suggest that ilexonin A has a neuroprotective effect in the hippocampus after ischemia/reperfusion,probably through regulating astrocytes and microglia activation,promoting neuronal stem cell proliferation and reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital,China.展开更多
The traditional vaccines against hepatitis have been instrumental in reducing the incidence of some types of viral hepatitis;however,the need for cost-effective,easily distributable,and needle-free vaccine alternative...The traditional vaccines against hepatitis have been instrumental in reducing the incidence of some types of viral hepatitis;however,the need for cost-effective,easily distributable,and needle-free vaccine alternatives has led to the exploration of plant-based vaccines.Plant-based techniques offer a promising avenue for producing viral hepatitis vaccines due to their low-cost cultivation,scalability,and the potential for oral administration.This review highlights the successful expression of hepatitis B surface antigens in plants and the subsequent formation of virus-like particles,which have shown immunogenicity in preclinical and clinical trials.The challenges such as achieving sufficient antigen expression levels,ensuring consistent dosing,and navigating regulatory frameworks,are addressed.The review considers the potential of plant-based vaccines to meet the demands of rapid vaccine deployment in response to outbreaks and their role in global immunization strategies,particularly in resource-limited settings.This review underscores the significant strides made in plant molecular farming and the potential of plant-based vaccines to complement existing immunization methods against viral hepatitis.展开更多
文摘以美国内布拉斯加医学中心(University of Nebraska Medical Center,UNMC)岗位胜任力为导向培养Pharm.D.为例,介绍了其灵活多样的课堂教学方法、丰富充实的实践课程、注重人文素质培养的教育理念。临床中药学作为一门新兴的医药交叉学科,对人才的培养存在一些不足,建议结合美国Pharm.D.培养的先进经验,构建符合学科特色的临床中药学人才培养体系,培养优秀的临床中药学人才,为中医药事业的持续发展做出贡献。
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China,No.2014J01327the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Colleges and Universities of Fujian Province of China,No.NCETFJ-0704the Professorial Academic Development Foundation of Fujian Medical University of China,No.JS09014(all to GYZ)
文摘Ilexonin A is a compound isolated from the root of Ilex pubescens,a traditional Chinese medicine.Ilexonin A has been shown to play a neuroprotective role by regulating the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the peri-infarct area after ischemia.However,the effects of ilexonin A on astrocytes and microglia in the infarct-free region of the hippocampal CA1 region remain unclear.Focal cerebral ischemia models were established by 2-hour occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in rats.Ilexonin A(20,40 or 80 mg/kg)was administered immediately after ischemia/reperfusion.The astrocyte marker glial fibrillary acidic protein,microglia marker Iba-1,neural stem cell marker nestin and inflammation markers were detected by immunohistochemistry and western blot assay.Expression levels of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin 1βwere determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay in the hippocampal CA1 tissue.Astrocytes were activated immediately in progressively increasing numbers from 1,3,to 7 days post-ischemia/reperfusion.The number of activated astrocytes further increased in the hippocampal CA1 region after treatment with ilexonin A.Microglial cells remained quiescent after ischemia/reperfusion,but became activated after treatment with ilexonin A.Ilexonin A enhanced nestin expression and reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-αand interleukin 1βin the hippocampus post-ischemia/reperfusion.The results of the present study suggest that ilexonin A has a neuroprotective effect in the hippocampus after ischemia/reperfusion,probably through regulating astrocytes and microglia activation,promoting neuronal stem cell proliferation and reducing the levels of pro-inflammatory factors.This study was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the Fujian Medical University Union Hospital,China.
文摘The traditional vaccines against hepatitis have been instrumental in reducing the incidence of some types of viral hepatitis;however,the need for cost-effective,easily distributable,and needle-free vaccine alternatives has led to the exploration of plant-based vaccines.Plant-based techniques offer a promising avenue for producing viral hepatitis vaccines due to their low-cost cultivation,scalability,and the potential for oral administration.This review highlights the successful expression of hepatitis B surface antigens in plants and the subsequent formation of virus-like particles,which have shown immunogenicity in preclinical and clinical trials.The challenges such as achieving sufficient antigen expression levels,ensuring consistent dosing,and navigating regulatory frameworks,are addressed.The review considers the potential of plant-based vaccines to meet the demands of rapid vaccine deployment in response to outbreaks and their role in global immunization strategies,particularly in resource-limited settings.This review underscores the significant strides made in plant molecular farming and the potential of plant-based vaccines to complement existing immunization methods against viral hepatitis.
