Imposing Restrictions on Hazardous Substances in Plastics

With the support of the Academic Division of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, a task force headed by Prof. DUAN Xue, a CAS Member from Beijing University of Chemical Technology, has conducted studies on the development of safe plastics.

Resisting Economic Coercion

PROFESSOR Alena Douhan is a Special Rapporteur for the United Nations and a human rights lawyer.She visited China in May as part of her mandate to investigate the humanitarian consequences of the unilateral coercive measures imposed on China.“Unilateral coercive measures”are what other people tend to call sanctions-or trade embargoes or punitive tariffs.During her visit,Professor Douhan met government officials,representatives of the legislative and judicial branches,members of the diplomatic community and academia,and stakeholders from business and non-governmental organisations.

全球金融公共品的武器化

The US-led Western countries have imposed financial sanctions against Russia after the Russia-Ukraine crisis broke out in 2022.Since last year,the“weaponization of global public goods”suddenly appeared regularly in academic studies and media reports worldwide.The financial sanctions led by the US had a long history before the Ukraine crisis.For example,the United States has imposed various sanctions against Iraq,the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea(DPRK),Iran and Russia for some time.Scant academic studies and media reports discussed the weaponization of global public goods before,and the reasons were that the scale of earlier financial sanctions was limited,and the influence of the sanctioned countries was also limited.Those sanctions did not directly threaten global public goods,so researchers have not lifted these issues to the level of weaponization of global public goods.

WORLD MEWS IN BRIEF(November 16-30,1992)

(November 16-30, 1992) The UN Security Council imposed a mandatory arms embargo on Liberia, on November 19 in an effort to cut off weapons to rebel fighters battling West African peacekeepers in the wartorn country, The resolution,adopted by a 15-O unanimous vote, was the Council(?)s first step towards involvement in Liberia.

WORLD MEWS IN BRIEF

A Warsaw court granted Solidarity legal registration on April 17, ending a seven-year ban on the independent trade union imposed by the Polish Government. the court’s action came after the government reversed its policy toward the union following talks with the Opposition.

Why the Miracle?

In stark contrast to some Third World countries where West-imposed democ-ratization triggered chaos, conflict and even civil war, the four-year demo-cratic transition in South Africa-begun with Nelson Mandela’s release in Febu-rary 1990 and realized in the peaceful transfer of power through an all-race generalelection in April 1994-had been characterized by a combination of freedom strug-

Free Fly for Children

Jnby by JNBY Children’s Collection The design concept by JNBY Children’s Collection is pure,nature and fun.The designer try to find a more free,more natural,and more real communication and thinking space,do not impose their fantasies and unrealized wished to their children,and don’t try to shape idealized children,instead,to give them a warm,peaceful and free life.

Unique Watercolor Paintings from Beihai City

WATERCOLOR paintingcame to China from GreatBritain after the Britishgovernment had imposed the Yan-tan Treaty on the Qing regime in1871.As Britain and other imperi-alist powers set an consulates andchurches in the city of Beihai,West-

谈语言学习

I had begun in 1733 to study languages; I soon made myself so much a master of the French as to be able to read the books with ease. I then undertook the Italian. An acquaintance, who was also learning it, used often to tempt me to play chess with him, Finding this took up too much of the time I had to spare for study, I at length refused to play any more, unless on this condition, that the victor in every game should have a right to impose a task, either in parts of the grammar to be got by heart, or in translations, etc., which tasks the vanquished was to perform upon honor before our next meeting. As we played

Development of the Investigation Tool of a Study State and Practical Use of MyPage

Internetwork environment at university has been improved to supply often the lecture materials to students through websites. Along with such a tendency, the number of students who use PC （Personal computer） has also increased during the lesson at university. Hereupon, the authors investigate whether the students will get high scores in tests when some limitations are imposed on the students＇ use of the PC during lecture and when they are not. The authors create the tool to check the students＇ learning situation and to grasp which student is performing the PC operations, which are not related to the ongoing lesson, during the lecture. Teaching assistant carrying the iPad is made to walk around the class during the lecture and collect data of the students. In addition, the authors develop ＂MyPage＂ that the students can be given access to their personal information including individual class absence/tardiness, lesson comprehension and question understanding level of them and after using MyPage, the authors examine its effectiveness as a tool and its relationship with their attendance rate.

外文精选

Memorization Versus Semantic Mapping in L2 Vocabulary Acquisition(II)Roya Khoii and Samira Sharififar The‘need’component is the motivational,non-cognitive dimensionof involvement and has two degrees of prominence:it is moderatewhen it is imposed from the outsidc,and strong when it is intrinsicor self-imposed by the learner.

CHINESE CUSTOMS TO IMPOSE EXPERIMENTAL SPECIFIC AND COMPOUND IMPORT DUTIES

By a State Council decision, effective on July 1, Chinais to impose specific duties on three import commodities including beer, and compound duties on two otherimport commodities including video player on an trial basis. As this is an unprecedented experiment in China, Office of the Customs Tariff Commission under the StateCouncil, and the Customs Tariff Department of the GeneralAdministration of Customs are carrying out public consultation on these trial policies. In order to give the public abetter idea concepts, characteristics and purposes of specific and compound duties, our reporter visited the officerin charge at Guangzhou Customs.

Analysis of the Declining of Open Field System in the Medieval England from the Perspective of Institutional Transition

Open field system is the most important land farming system in the middle part of the Medieval England. It has the property of private property and common property right and exited for very long time. This article analyzed how the open field system was replaced by the enclosure system from the perspective of institutional t transition. By carrying on the detailed investigation, it can provide certain enlightenments and references to deepen rural reform, especially promoting the reasonable transfer of rural land use rights in China.

Numbers

47% Year-on-year growth of the Cross-border RMB Index, an indicator of the currency＇s activities in cross-border and overseas transactions, in the first quarter

THE JOURNEY HOME

More people hit the road for the Spring Festival holiday after the lifting of travel restrictions Wei Lili,a woman who delivers milk to households with her husband in Beijing,hadn’t been back to her hometown in Shanxi Province for three years,owing to travel restrictions imposed to control the spread of COVID-19.

Improved conditional differential attacks on lightweight hash family QUARK

Nonlinear feedback shift register(NFSR)is one of the most important cryptographic primitives in lightweight cryptography.At ASIACRYPT 2010,Knellwolf et al.proposed conditional differential attack to perform a cryptanalysis on NFSR-based cryptosystems.The main idea of conditional differential attack is to restrain the propagation of the difference and obtain a detectable bias of the difference of the output bit.QUARK is a lightweight hash function family which is designed by Aumasson et al.at CHES 2010.Then the extended version of QUARK was published in Journal of Cryptology 2013.In this paper,we propose an improved conditional differential attack on QUARK.One improvement is that we propose a method to select the input difference.We could obtain a set of good input differences by this method.Another improvement is that we propose an automatic condition imposing algorithm to deal with the complicated conditions efficiently and easily.It is shown that with the improved conditional differential attack on QUARK,we can detect the bias of output difference at a higher round of QUARK.Compared to the current literature,we find a distinguisher of U-QUARK/D-QUARK/S-QUARK/C-QUARK up to 157/171/292/460 rounds with increasing 2/5/33/8 rounds respectively.We have performed the attacks on each instance of QUARK on a 3.30 GHz Intel Core i5 CPU,and all these attacks take practical complexities which have been fully verified by our experiments.As far as we know,all of these results have been the best thus far.

Efficient GMM estimation with singular system of moment conditions

Standard generalised method of moments(GMM)estimation was developed for nonsingular system of moment conditions.However,many important economic models are characterised by singular system of moment conditions.This paper shows that efficient GMM estimation of such models can be achieved by using the reflexive generalised inverses,in particular the Moore–Penrose generalised inverse,of the variance matrix of the sample moment conditions as the weighting matrix.We provide a consistent estimator of the optimal weighting matrix and establish its consistency.Potential issues of using generalised inverse and some remedies are also discussed.

ANOTHER VERSION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ULTRAPRODUCT OF LATTICE-VALUED MODELS

In[1—3], Wang et al. assume always that the lattice of truth values possesses a weak or strong characteristic formula. It is not difficult to know that one of the essential reasons for which such a strong condition must be imposed is the definition of 'a model satisfies

OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF HYBRID ELEMENTS

Since Pian first presented the hybrid stress element, 5β-I, in 1964, the theory and application of hybrid elements have been greatly developed. In recent years, Pian and his colleagues advanced a new way for the formulations of hybrid elements. They introduced the incompatible displacements into the Reissner principle and imposed the element