Origin of the Dashuigou independent tellurium deposit at Qinghai–Xizang Plateau: constraints from the light stable isotopes C, O, and H

By studying the light isotopic compositions of carbon,oxygen,and hydrogen,combined with previous research results on the ore-forming source of the deposit,the authors try to uncover its metallogenic origin.The δ^(18)O and δ^(13)C isotope signatures of dolomite samples vary between 10.2 and 13.0‰,and between−7.2 and−5.2‰,respectively,implying that the carbon derives from the upper mantle.δD and δ^(18) O of quartz,biotite,and muscovite from diff erent ore veins of the deposit vary between−82 and−59‰,and between 11.6 and 12.4‰,respectively,implying that the metallogenic solutions are mainly magmatic.According to the relevant research results of many isotope geologists,the fractionation degree of hydrogen isotopes increases as the depth to the Earth’s core increases,and the more diff erentiated the hydrogen isotopes are,the lower their values will be.In other words,mantle-derived solutions can have extremely low hydrogen isotope values.This means that the δD‰ value−134 of the pyrrhotite sample numbered SD-34 in this article may indicate mantle-derived oreforming fl uid of the deposit.The formation of the Dashuigou tellurium deposit occurred between 91.71 and 80.19 Ma.

Cosmology-Independent Photon Mass Limits from Localized Fast Radio Bursts by Using Artificial Neural Networks

A hypothetical photon mass m_(γ) can produce a frequency-dependent vacuum dispersion of light, which leads to an additional time delay between photons with different frequencies when they propagate through a fixed distance. The dispersion measure and redshift measurements of fast radio bursts(FRBs) have been widely used to constrain the rest mass of the photon. However, all current studies analyzed the effect of the frequency-dependent dispersion for massive photons in the standard ΛCDM cosmological context. In order to alleviate the circularity problem induced by the presumption of a specific cosmological model based on the fundamental postulate of the masslessness of photons, here we employ a new model-independent smoothing technique, artificial neural network(ANN), to reconstruct the Hubble parameter H(z) function from 34 cosmic-chronometer measurements.By combining observations of 32 well-localized FRBs and the H(z) function reconstructed by ANN, we obtain an upper limit of m_(γ) ≤ 3.5 × 10^(-51)kg, or equivalently m_(γ) ≤ 2.0 × 10^(-15)eV/c^(2)(m_(γ) ≤ 6.5 × 10^(-51)kg, or equivalently m_(γ) ≤ 3.6 × 10^(-15)eV/c_(2)) at the 1σ(2σ) confidence level. This is the first cosmology-independent photon mass limit derived from extragalactic sources.

Are cities greener because of innovation?Independent innovation policy and green economic efficiency

The national independent innovation demonstration zone(NIIDZ)is an independent innovation policy that plays a crucial role in implementing strategies.Given the importance of the NIIDZ,this study uses panel data of 278 prefecture-level cities in China from 2006 to 2020 and empirically examines the effect and internal mechanism of the NIIDZ on green economic efficiency(GEE)using the difference-in-difference model(DID).The results show that the NIIDZ effectively enhances the growth of GEE,and the results remain valid through several robustness tests,such as year-by-year propensity score matching.The transmission mechanism suggests that the NIIDZ indirectly drives GEE by accelerating scientific and technological investment,promoting talent concentration,and optimizing the industrial structure.Moreover,heterogeneity analysis reveals that the promotion effect of the NIIDZ on GEE is more prominent in the eastern region and high green development level areas.The study’s findings can serve as a reference for China to further utilize the policy effectiveness of the NIIDZ and accelerate the high-quality development of the green economy in the future.

Study on Independent Supervision Function of Design Assurance System

The effective operation of a design assurance system cannot be achieved without the effective performance of the independent supervision function.As one of the core functions of the design assurance system,the purpose of the independent supervision function is to ensure that the system operates within the scope of procedures and manuals.At present,the function of independent supervision is a difficult and confusing issue for various original equipment manufacturers as well as suppliers,and there is an urgent requirement to put forward relevant requirements and form relevant methods.Based on the above mentioned objective,the basic requirements of the independent supervision function of design assurance system were studied,the problems and deficiencies in the organization,staffing,and methods existing in the current independent supervision function were analyzed,the improvement suggestions and measures for the performance of the independent supervision function from the aspects of the organization,staffing,procedures,and suppliers were put forward.The present work and conclusions provide guidance and direction for the effective operation of the design assurance system.

Analysis of the Role of Problem-Based Independent Learning Model in Teaching Cerebral Ischemic Stroke First Aid in Emergency Medicine

Objective:To analyze the effect of using a problem-based(PBL)independent learning model in teaching cerebral ischemic stroke(CIS)first aid in emergency medicine.Methods:90 interns in the emergency department of our hospital from May 2022 to May 2023 were selected for the study.They were divided into Group A(45,conventional teaching method)and Group B(45 cases,PBL independent learning model)by randomized numerical table method to compare the effects of the two groups.Results:The teaching effect indicators and student satisfaction scores in Group B were higher than those in Group A(P<0.05).Conclusion:The use of the PBL independent learning model in the teaching of CIS first aid can significantly improve the teaching effect and student satisfaction.

The Study on the (L,M)-Fuzzy Independent Set Systems

Independent sets play an important role in matroid theory. In this paper, the definitions of pre-independent fuzzy set system and independent fuzzy set system in L-fuzzy setting are presented. Independent M-fuzzifying set system is introduced and some of its properties are discussed. Further independent (L,M)-fuzzy set system is given and some of its properties are obtained. The relations of these independent set systems in the setting of fuzzy vector spaces and fuzzy graphs are showed.

A Constrained Local Neighborhood Approach for Efficient Markov Blanket Discovery in Undirected Independent Graphs

When learning the structure of a Bayesian network,the search space expands significantly as the network size and the number of nodes increase,leading to a noticeable decrease in algorithm efficiency.Traditional constraint-based methods typically rely on the results of conditional independence tests.However,excessive reliance on these test results can lead to a series of problems,including increased computational complexity and inaccurate results,especially when dealing with large-scale networks where performance bottlenecks are particularly evident.To overcome these challenges,we propose a Markov blanket discovery algorithm based on constrained local neighborhoods for constructing undirected independence graphs.This method uses the Markov blanket discovery algorithm to refine the constraints in the initial search space,sets an appropriate constraint radius,thereby reducing the initial computational cost of the algorithm and effectively narrowing the initial solution range.Specifically,the method first determines the local neighborhood space to limit the search range,thereby reducing the number of possible graph structures that need to be considered.This process not only improves the accuracy of the search space constraints but also significantly reduces the number of conditional independence tests.By performing conditional independence tests within the local neighborhood of each node,the method avoids comprehensive tests across the entire network,greatly reducing computational complexity.At the same time,the setting of the constraint radius further improves computational efficiency while ensuring accuracy.Compared to other algorithms,this method can quickly and efficiently construct undirected independence graphs while maintaining high accuracy.Experimental simulation results show that,this method has significant advantages in obtaining the structure of undirected independence graphs,not only maintaining an accuracy of over 96%but also reducing the number of conditional independence tests by at least 50%.This significant performance improvement is due to the effective constraint on the search space and the fine control of computational costs.

Modeling dam deformation using independent component regression method

In the application of regression analysis method to model dam deformation, the ill-condition problem occurred in coefficient matrix always prevents an accurate modeling mainly due to the multicollinearity of the variables. Independent component regression （ICR） was proposed to model the dam deformation and identify the physical origins of the deformation. Simulation experiment shows that ICR can successfully resolve the problem of ill-condition and produce a reliable deformation model. After that, the method is applied to model the deformation of the Wuqiangxi Dam in Hunan province, China. The result shows that ICR can not only accurately model the deformation of the dam, but also help to identify the physical factors that affect the deformation through the extracted independent components.

Three Dimensional Kinematics Analysis of the Independent Suspension Multibody System

Based on the theory of multibody system dynamics, the spatial kinematics analysis of the Mcpherson independent suspension widely used in the car was carried out. A practical and simpler method was provided to reduce the number of the generalized coordinates and constraint functions. By solving the nonlinear equations, the motion of any points in the whole suspension and wheel system can be predicted, including the spatial changes of the wheel alignment parameters which are of great importance to the car performances.

Independent component analysis approach for fault diagnosis of condenser system in thermal power plant

A statistical signal processing technique was proposed and verified as independent component analysis(ICA) for fault detection and diagnosis of industrial systems without exact and detailed model.Actually,the aim is to utilize system as a black box.The system studied is condenser system of one of MAPNA's power plants.At first,principal component analysis(PCA) approach was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the real acquired data set and to identify the essential and useful ones.Then,the fault sources were diagnosed by ICA technique.The results show that ICA approach is valid and effective for faults detection and diagnosis even in noisy states,and it can distinguish main factors of abnormality among many diverse parts of a power plant's condenser system.This selectivity problem is left unsolved in many plants,because the main factors often become unnoticed by fault expansion through other parts of the plants.

Transformation from computation independent model to platform independent model with pattern

Model driven architecture(MDA) is an evolutionary step in software development.Model transformation forms a key part of MDA.The transformation from computation independent model(CIM) to platform independent model(PIM) is the first step of the transformation.This paper proposes an approach for this transformation with pattern.In this approach, we take advantage of"reuse"from various standpoints.Feature model is used to describe the requirement of the application.This can help us bring"reuse"into effect at requirement level.Moreover we use pattern to transform CIM to PIM.This can help us bring"reuse"into effect at development level.Meanwhile, pattern was divided into four hierarchies.Different hierarchies of pattern are used to help us utilize reuse at different phase of development.From another standpoint, feature model describes the problem of a domain while pattern describe the problem across domains.This can help us reuse the element in and across domains.Finally, the detailed process of the transformation is given.

A maximum-independent-set-based channel allocation algorithm for multi-channel wireless networks

A channel allocation algorithm based on the maximum independent set is proposed to decrease network conflict and improve network performance. First, a channel allocation model is formulated and a series of the maximum independent sets （MISs） are obtained from a contention graph by the proposed approximation algorithm with low complexity. Then, a weighted contention graph is obtained using the number of contention vertices between two MISs as a weighted value. Links are allocated to channels by the weighted contention graph to minimize conflicts between independent sets. Finally, after channel allocation, each node allocates network interface cards （NICs） to links that are allocated channels according to the queue lengths of NICs. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the proposed algorithm. The results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the network throughput and decreases the end to end delay.

Research into the Application of Cooperative Learning to English Reading Teaching of Art Majors in Independent Colleges

This paper first stated some related theories of cooperative learning and English reading teaching.And then an applicationof cooperative learning in English reading teaching of art majors in independent college is implemented based on these literature re-views.The aim of the experiment is to explore the impact of the application of cooperative learning strategies.It mainly discussedthe following questions:(1)Can the group cooperative learning improve students'reading achievement?(2)What factors contributeto the success/failure of cooperative learning?(3)What are the favorite cooperative learning models in reading classes?The experi-ment proved that cooperative learning does not truly improve art students’reading achievement in independent college,but it real-ly has a positive role in promoting the students'learning interest,motivation and emotional attitude.The experiment also indicatesthat cooperative learning is still a valuable teaching strategy for applying,and GI,LT,TGT and other cooperative learning modelare welcomed by classmates.

Efficient Fast Independent Component Analysis Algorithm with Fifth-Order Convergence

Independent component analysis （ICA） is the primary statistical method for solving the problems of blind source separation. The fast ICA is a famous and excellent algorithm and its contrast function is optimized by the quadratic convergence of Newton iteration method. In order to improve the convergence speed and the separation precision of the fast ICA, an improved fast ICA algorithm is presented. The algorithm introduces an efficient Newton＇s iterative method with fifth-order convergence for optimizing the contrast function and gives the detail derivation process and the corresponding condition. The experimental results demonstrate that the convergence speed and the separation precision of the improved algorithm are better than that of the fast ICA.

A Brief Account of Independent College in China:Its Past and Further Development

This article briefs the past and development of independent colleges until now in China,dealing with the reasons why they have come into existence and developed in a remarkable way.A somewhat detailed analysis of their distinctions from other higher education has been made and the further development strategies are also presented in it.

广义Independent Biclique攻击框架及其应用

该文对Biclique攻击框架及其实现方法进行了研究.Biclique攻击是一种结合Biclique初始结构与中间相遇攻击的一种攻击方法,有平衡Biclique攻击、非平衡Biclique攻击、Star攻击等多种攻击形式.该文提出了广义Biclique结构的概念,对Biclique结构重新进行了定义,涵盖了现有Biclique结构.同时提出了一种广义Biclique结构分类方式,按照维数分为高维Biclique结构与低维Biclique结构.通过进一步研究发现,高维Biclique结构可由低维Biclique结构直接构造得到,从而提出了一种高维Biclique结构构造方法,降低了结构构造过程的复杂度,同时利用该方法所得到的Biclique结构,结合计算与预计算技术,可以给出时间复杂度更优的Biclique攻击结果.在此基础上,设计并提出了一个广义Independent Biclique攻击框架,借助自动化实现技术能够面向比特构造出算法包括平衡Biclique结构、Star结构、非平衡Biclique结构在内的多种结构,同时能够给出算法在广义Biclique攻击下的安全性分析结果.最后,以LBlock算法为例,利用框架综合分析了其在Biclique攻击下的安全性,同时改进了AES-128算法基于Star结构的相关分析结果.获得分析结果如下:(1)针对LBlock算法,分别给出了两个低维Biclique攻击结果与两个高维Biclique攻击结果.构造了明文方向6轮4维的平衡Biclique结构,给出了数据复杂度更优的平衡Biclique攻击结果,其时间复杂度为2^(78.425)次全轮LBlock算法加密,数据复杂度为2^(40)选择明文;构造了明文方向6轮4维Star结构,给出了首个最低数据复杂度下全轮LBlock算法攻击结果,时间复杂度为2^(78.66)次全轮LBlock算法加密,数据复杂度为2个已知明文;构造了明文方向6轮8维平衡Biclique结构,给出了目前最优的全轮LBlock算法分析结果,其时间复杂度为2^(78.14)次全轮LBlock算法加密,数据复杂度为2^(60)个选择明文;构造了明文方向6轮规模2~4×2~8的非平衡Biclique结构,在2^(40)个选择明文条件下,给出了时间复杂度为2^(78.24)的全轮LBlock算法分析结果;(2)针对AES-128算法,改进了算法在Star攻击下的安全性.通过构造密文方向2.5轮Star结构代替明文方向的2轮Star结构,改进了最低数据复杂度下全轮AES-128的分析结果,其时间复杂度为2^(126.66)次全轮AES加密,数据复杂度为2个已知明文.

Solving the k-Independent Sets Problem of Graphs by Gröbner Bases

The aim of this paper is to given an algebraic computational method for finding maximal independent sets as well as the independent number of an arbitrary finite graph of n vertices G by strengthening the problem of finding maximal independent sets of G to the problem of finding k-independent sets in G for. It is shown that the existence of k-independent sets in G is equivalent to the existence of solutions of a system of multivariate polynomial equations. It follows that the problem of finding k-independent sets can be realized by using Gröbner bases of polynomial ideals. Since the number of k-independent sets is finite, the triangular equations composed by Gröbner bases are easier to be solved. Consequently, the maximal independent sets and the independent number of G are obtained after solving at most n such equations. Finally, the numerical example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of this algebraic computational method.

To Improve Students'Linguistic Performance & Independent Thinking Abilities in Business English Teaching

Business English is a required course for English majors.By learning the course,students can know the necessary business knowledge and improve their linguistic performance and independent thinking abilities under the systematic background knowledge of industry & business theory and practice.It will be the strong foundations for students'better future career.

The Integration of Sports Specialty English and College English Teaching in the Independent Colleges

At the present time,there are many imbalances in sports specialty English teaching in the independent colleges such as emphasis on basic English teaching while ignoring sports specialty English teaching, unreasonable application of modern information technology, imbalance of English teachers' knowledge structure in sports specialty, etc. As for the English teaching in sports specialty in the independent college,it is necessary to build college English curriculum system with the attributes of sports education.

Myocardial bridge-related coronary heart disease:Independent influencing factors and their predicting value

BACKGROUND Myocardial bridge(MB)will compress the mural coronary artery(MCA)during the systole and cause myocardial ischemia.In the diagnosis of coronary heart disease(CHD),because the structure of MB is difficult to be observed by coronary angiography(CAG),the clinical study of the influence of MB on CHD is lacking.With the advancement of computed tomography coronary angiography technology,detailed observations of the MB anatomy have realized.AIM To explore the main influencing factors of MB-related CHD and to find potential indicators for predicting MB-related CHD.METHODS A total of 1718 patients with suspected CHD due to the symptoms of myocardial ischemia were enrolled as subjects.Patients diagnosed with CHD were included in a CHD group,and patients with no significant abnormalities were included in a control group.In the CHD group,patients were divided into an MB-CHD subgroup if MB-related CHD was found.In the control group,patients were divided into a simple MB subgroup if MB was found.The patient's clinical data and MB-related indicators,including the branch of MB,MB type(superficial/deep type),MB length,MB thickness,systolic and diastolic compression of the MCA,and MCA systolic stenosis rate were recorded and compared.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the independent influencing factors of MD-related CHD.ROC curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficacy of potential indicators for MB-related CHD.RESULTS There were 1060 cases in the CHD group and 658 cases in the control group,and there were 236 cases in the MB-CHD subgroup and 52 cases in the simple MB subgroup.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the combined MB had a significant effect on the occurrence of CHD(P<0.05).MB thickness,systolic compression,diastolic compression,and MCA systolic stenosis rate had significant effects on the occurrence of MB-related CHD(P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of the combination of these influencing factors for the diagnosis of MB-related CHD was 0.959,which was significantly higher than the AUCs of the four indicators separately(P<0.05).The sensitivity was 97.06%and the specificity was 87.63%.CONCLUSION MB thickness,systolic compression,diastolic compression,and MCA systolic stenosis are independent influencing factors for MB-related CHD.The combination of these factors has potential diagnostic value for MB-related CHD.