The Golden Ratio Theorem: A Framework for Interchangeability and Self-Similarity in Complex Systems

The Golden Ratio Theorem, deeply rooted in fractal mathematics, presents a pioneering perspective on deciphering complex systems. It draws a profound connection between the principles of interchangeability, self-similarity, and the mathematical elegance of the Golden Ratio. This research unravels a unique methodological paradigm, emphasizing the omnipresence of the Golden Ratio in shaping system dynamics. The novelty of this study stems from its detailed exposition of self-similarity and interchangeability, transforming them from mere abstract notions into actionable, concrete insights. By highlighting the fractal nature of the Golden Ratio, the implications of these revelations become far-reaching, heralding new avenues for both theoretical advancements and pragmatic applications across a spectrum of scientific disciplines.

The Relationship between Interchangeability Standards and Precision Design in Teaching a Course on Interchangeability and Measurement Techniques

This article discusses some views on the relationship between carrying out and applying standards and precision design and the teaching of a course on interchangeability and measurement techniques. It points out that while emphasizing precision design, we should not underrate the significance of interchangeability and standardization. Although there are presently many teaching models available for such courses, each course should be designed separately to preserve its systematic character and integrality. As well, the development of students' abilities in precision design and the application of standards should be strengthened in experimental lessons within each course.

Analysis of Roadbed Splicing at Hub Interchanges

This article discusses the roadbed splicing for hub interchanges.The article starts with a description of the characteristics of junction roadbed splicing.The application of splicing technology is explained using a subgrade splicing scheme of a project.Roadbed splicing involves stepwise excavation and preparative measures like surface cleaning and backfilling.This article serves to provide a valuable reference for road and bridge construction and improve the quality of China’s road and bridge projects,so as to achieve sustainable development of the road and bridge engineering industry.

Design and Engineering of Urban Interchange Ramp Bridge Structure

This paper analyzes the structural design of an urban interchange ramp bridge from four aspects,which are the superstructure,pier structure,foundation structure,and deck structure design to summarize the structural design ideas of this urban interchange ramp bridge,which can be used as a reference for future construction of the same bridge.

Asymmetric migration dynamics of the tropical Asian and Australasian floras

The tropical Asian and Australasian floras have a close relationship,and is a vital distribution pattern of seed plants worldwide.As estimated,more than 81 families and 225 genera of seed plants distributed between tropical Asia and Australasia.However,the evolutionary dynamics of two floras were still vague.Here,a total of 29 plant lineages,represented the main clades of seed plants and different habits,were selected to investigate the biotic interchange between tropical Asia and Australasia by integrated dated phylogenies,biogeography,and ancestral state reconstructions.Our statistics indicated that 68 migrations have occurred between tropical Asia and Australasia since the middle Eocene except terminal migrations,and the migration events from tropical Asia to Australasia is more than 2 times of the reverse.Only 12 migrations occurred before 15 Ma,whereas the remaining56 migrations occurred after 15 Ma.Maximal number of potential dispersal events(MDE) analysis also shows obvious asymmetry,with southward migration as the main feature,and indicates the climax of bi-directional migrations occurred after 15 Ma.We speculate that the formation of island chains after the Australian-Sundaland collision and climate changes have driven seed plant migrations since the middle Miocene.Furthermore,biotic dispersal and stable habitat may be crucial for floristic interchange between tropical Asia and Australasia.

Experimental studies of cusp stabilization in Keda Mirror with AXisymmetricity(KMAX)

Stabilization of the axisymmetric magnetic mirror relies on the pressure-weighted magnetic field curvature.We report a new experiment by configuring a magnetic cusp structure to stabilize m=1 interchange mode in the KMAX tandem mirror.The cusp configuration is formed by reversing currents in the two side cell coils,and a stronger cusp can lead to a more stable plasma once the null point of the cusp is less than 35–40 cm away from the device axis.The density fluctuations measured by four axial Langmuir probes are mitigated by 70%–80%.The stabilization effect is consistent with the prediction of a theoretical calculation.

Design Strategy of Collector-Distributor Lanes in Urban Interchanges

Based on the functions and characteristics of the interchange collector-distributor lanes,with Harbin as an example,it is proposed in this paper that the local characteristics and traffic flow characteristics should be considered in the design of the interchange collector-distributor lanes,which includes the analysis of function,location,and many other aspects,in hopes to provide reference for the design of collector-distributor lanes in other regions of our country.

Analysis of Interchange Exit Safety Technology

In order to improve the safety of the exit of expressway interchanges,the main problems and influencing factors of interchange exits are analyzed according to the number of traffic accidents at expressway interchange exits in China.Some suggestions and countermeasures are then put forward from the aspect of safety technology for future reference.

Expressway Route and Interchange Design

With the rapid development of the socio-economy and the growing demand for transportation,highways have become an indispensable and important part of the modern transportation network.The design of highway routes and interchanges is a key link in highway construction,which directly affects the efficiency,safety,and traffic smoothness of highways.Based on this,this article analyzes in detail the highway route design and the design of two common interchanges,in order to improve the highway route design and the quality and efficiency of highway construction.

Design Strategies of Expressway Routes and Interchanges

Road traffic conditions can have an important impact on the economic development of various regions.Under the background of rapid social and economic development,more and more expressway construction projects are initiated in various regions,including both new expressways and expansion of old expressways,and interchange design plays an important role.Scientific and reasonable interchange design can not only realize energy saving and low carbon footprint,but also be people-oriented and promote regional economic development.Therefore,this paper mainly analyzes the highway route and its interchange design strategy for reference.

Strategies for Ramp Route Design of Highway Interchange

The rapid advancement of urban transportation in modern China has driven urban economic developments.However,the progressively congested traffic conditions have affected the productivity and daily life of the people.To mitigate the congestion problem,necessary road designs should be implemented along the highways,for example highway interchanges.The application of highway interchanges in past cases have proven to effectively avoid traffic flow conflicts,reduce highway traffic congestion,and reduce traffic accidents,this is conducive to ensuring the safety and efficiency of the highway.In order to improve the safety and convenience of urban road traffic,this paper analyzes the strategy of using interchange ramp route designs for highway traffic.

上合组织国际物流园电子数据交换系统设计与实现

基于公共信息平台的数据交换服务系统,对外主要与政府单位、物流企业、货主、公共服务设施、物流基础设施等业务系统对接,获取除口岸部门以外的单位数据;对内与数据库协同系统对接,实现数据资源的统一存储、管理与共享应用。

Analysis and Research on Interchange and Expansion options of Expressway

China's road network consists of numerous older expressways experiencing high traffic volumes and severe congestion,necessitating urgent reconstruction and expansion efforts.This study discusses the reconstruction and expansion project of the Yinkun Expressway's Chongqing High-tech Zone to Rongchang District section,with a detailed exploration of the entire design process.Through a comprehensive analysis,the strengths and weaknesses of different plans are examined,so as to determine the optimal plan.The design chosen saves costs while effectively addressing traffic demands.Additionally,the study summarizes the valuable design insights gained from this interchange transformation,aiming to provide valuable reference for similar interchange projects in the future.

Insights on the use of biosimilars in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease

Biologic therapy, such as those that target tumor necrosis factor(TNF) signaling, has proven to be an efficacious method of treatment for patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) with regards to symptom management and mucosal healing. However, the rising prevalence of IBD worldwide and the everincreasing burden of biologic pharmaceuticals in the health care industry is alarming for insurance companies, clinicians, and patients. The impending patent expiry and the relatively high costs of biologics, particularly anti-TNF agents, have paved the way for biosimilar development for IBD. The United States Food and Drug Administration defines a biosimilar as a biological product that is highly similar to its reference medicinal product, with no clinically meaningful differences in terms of safety, purity, and potency. The hope with biosimilars is that their entry into the market will be able to drive competition between pharmaceutical companies to reduce prices like that of the generic market, and that access to appropriate biologic treatments for IBD patients is increased in the long-term. Yet, there are challenging issues such as indication extrapolation and interchangeability that are still being debated in the field of IBD and must be addressed in future issued guidance. This review will discuss the issues and implications concerning the use of biosimilar therapy for IBD.

Experimental determination and research on combustion characteristics domain of gas appliance

This manuscript developed an adjustability test system of gas appliances,and proposed determination methods of adjustability domain and technical approach of performance testing of gas appliance,in order to develop experimental determination,quantify the product performance,design quality and combustion characteristics of gas appliances,and provide test foundation and platform for product design,performance test,quality assessment and technology upgrading for gas appliance industry aiming to multi-gas resources in China.The flexible range of gas appliances to different gases and the interchangeability domain of city gases were determined experimentally,together with the equation of combustion characteristics limit curves of gas appliances.The results showed that the second gas appliance has the biggest capability for the change of gas quality,which permits an 11.2% fluctuation in the Wobbe Index of gas;while the third gas appliance has the least capability for the change of gas quality,which only permits a 1.9% fluctuation in the Wobbe Index of gas.The paper also provides the common adjustability domain of the three gas appliances.

抗肿瘤生物类似药临床互换用药有效性与安全性的系统评价

目的系统评价抗肿瘤生物类似药临床互换用药的有效性、安全性与免疫原性,为促进其临床合理应用提供循证医学证据。方法系统检索PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库(WANFANG)、中国生物医学文献数据库(SinoMed)等数据库中有关抗肿瘤生物类似药互换用药的临床研究,检索时间为建库至2022年6月。对符合纳入标准的文献进行资料提取,并根据纳入研究类型选择相应的质量评价工具进行质量评价,采用描述性分析方法对纳入研究进行定性评价。结果共纳入5项研究,包括2项随机对照试验(randomized controlled trial,RCT)、2项队列研究与1项病例系列研究,总体研究质量较好。对于血液肿瘤患者,3项研究结果表明,利妥昔单抗生物类似药与参照药的单次互换用药治疗未对有效性、安全性与免疫原性产生显著影响。1项队列研究结果提示,2种利妥昔单抗生物类似药的单次互换未增加治疗安全性风险。对于HER-2阳性乳腺癌患者,1项RCT结果提示,曲妥珠单抗生物类似药与参照药的单次互换未对有效性、安全性与免疫原性产生显著影响。尚无研究评价贝伐珠单抗生物类似药的临床互换用药。结论利妥昔单抗与曲妥珠单抗生物类似药与参照药的单次互换用药未对患者治疗结局造成影响,贝伐珠单抗生物类似药临床互换用药的证据仍缺乏。鉴于当前证据有限,本结论仍需开展高质量、大样本临床研究进行验证。

利益相关者视角下生物类似药互换使用国际经验借鉴与启示

选取美国和欧盟生物类似药监管历程作为研究对象,搭建利益相关者框架分析美国和欧盟在生物类似药互换使用管理过程中的职责分配与激励机制。美国和欧盟药品管理部门均建立了推动生物类似药可互换使用体系,并将可互换决定权限下放。美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)/欧洲药品管理局(EMA)、卫生系统/支付方、医生和患者协会是推动生物类似药可互换使用的重要利益相关者。美国通过调整报销支付方式以及与患者的有效沟通实现激励;欧盟则综合运用了利益分配机制、配额和跨利益相关者的患者沟通实现生物类似药使用和互换使用激励。与美国将生物类似药可互换进行严格的政策规制相比,欧盟更倾向于将其作为一个科学和医学问题,在促进生物类似药使用和互换使用方面激励机制也更加多元化。推动我国生物类似药互换使用需要建立和完善药物警戒系统、医生培训和患者教育等配套政策体系,明确各利益相关方职责,建立基于按病种分值付费(DIP)的财务激励、基于医生教育的非财务激励机制。

基于WEB服务的B2B系统集成

Web Services可以将应用程序转换为网络应用程序,本文先简单介绍了XML和Web Service技术,然后着重讨论了基于Web Service的系统集成技术的特点和优势,以及通过开发实例介绍了基于Web Service的系统集成技术在B2B业务平台实现中的应用。

Interrogating the effect of decentralized biogas injection on a natural gas network

Biogas from renewable sources and natural gas(NG) are both high-efficient and good-quality gaseous fuels on account of their enrichment in methane. Due to the dissimilar physical properties of biogas and NG, biogas cannot substitute NG directly without treatment and is usually used on site due to the high cost of the transportation and distribution via exclusive pipeline system. Consequently, the injection of biogas into existing NG infrastructure was proposed to address the deficiency. In this paper, the Wobbe index (WI) as well as the combustion potential (CP) were introduced for analyzing the interchangeability of an NGbiogas mixture, and a mathematical framework was put forward for modeling and simulating NG grid with a decentralized biogas injection. Results show that the maximum admissible amount of biogas in mixture was 10.5% by volume. A medium pressure network was used to interrogate the comprehensive effect of distributed biogas injection, which showed an impact on both gas quality and hydraulic regime across the grid.

信号转接通道管理程序设计

着重论述了机载制导武器通用检测设备软件平台中信号转接通道管理程序的设计,分析现有控制方式对软硬件的设计要求,采用IVI替换机制,建立连接关系映射文件,实现信号转接通道控制功能中与硬件和电路接线密切连接的部分从固化程序中分离。